Refine
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (3) (remove)
Language
- German (3) (remove)
Keywords
- Persönlichkeit (3) (remove)
The scientific interest in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has increased in the last two decades. High prevalence and comorbidity rates, low quality of life and increased risk of suicidality highlight the importance of this research field. The present thesis focuses on intra- and interpersonal factors associated with the development and maintenance of NSSI.
The aim of study 1 was the examination of personality traits of adolescents with NSSI without Borderline Personality Disorder (NSSI-BPD), adolescents with NSSI and BPD (NSSI+BPD), clinical controls (CC) and nonclinical controls (NC). Results showed that adolescents with NSSI disorder scored significantly higher on novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower on persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than CC. In adolescents with NSSI+BPD this personality pattern was even more pronounced than in adolescents with NSSI-BPD.
Adolescents´ NSSI leads to distress that affects the whole family system, often resulting in conflicts and disrupted family communication and functioning. Parents report feelings of distress, insecurity and helplessness. Adolescents with NSSI report more parental criticism and control and less support than adolescents without NSSI. Study 2 investigated the parenting behavior in families of adolescents with NSSI. Adolescents with NSSI reported less maternal warmth and support than NC adolescents. Mothers of adolescents with NSSI showed higher psychopathology scores than NC mothers and less parental satisfaction than CC and NC mothers.
Siblings are also reported to suffer from changes in family dynamics. The aim of study 3 was to examine the sibling relationship quality of adolescents with NSSI, CC and NC. Siblings reported a wide range of negative emotional and familial consequences as a result of their sister´s NSSI. Siblings of adolescents with NSSI experienced significantly more coercion in the relationship with their sister compared to CC and NC siblings. Adolescents with NSSI reported significantly less warmth and empathy in the sibling relationship and higher rivalry scores between their siblings and themselves than NC adolescents. For both, adolescents with NSSI and their siblings, associations were found between sibling relationship quality and internalizing problems.
Study 4 aimed to further explore the family emotional climate. Therefore, the level of expressed emotion (EE) was assessed in adolescents with NSSI, CC, NC and their mothers. Parental high EE (HEE) is linked to adolescent NSSI, especially parental criticism seems to be strongly associated with NSSI. Previous research into NSSI and EE has focused on parental EE, however, the conceptualization of EE as a unidirectional construct from parent to child may present an incomplete picture. Therefore, the current study included both, adolescent and maternal EE. Adolescents in the NSSI and CC group more often met criteria for HEE than NC. Adolescents with NSSI exhibited significantly more covert criticism and critical tone toward their mothers than CC and NC. HEE of adolescents with NSSI was associated with a range of difficulties in emotion regulation. For the total sample, moderate concordance was found between adolescents and mothers EE-status.
The research presented in this thesis has important clinical implications. The differences in personality traits of adolescents with NSSI with and without BPD underline the need for a dimensional personality assessment as well as specific treatment programs for adolescents with NSSI-BPD. Problems within the family are frequent triggers for NSSI. Therefore, interventions for adolescents with NSSI should include both, the improvement of emotion regulation and family interaction and communication. Along with the reduction of negative relationship aspects, psychotherapy should also focus on the enhancement of positive relationship quality. The emotional burden of family members stresses the need for emotional and practical support for parents and siblings.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Kompetenz und den Big Five der Persönlichkeit. Nach einer Erörterung des Kompetenzbegriffs in der Psychologie wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen theoretischen Ansätze zur sozialen Kompetenz sowie deren Erfassungsmöglichkeiten gegeben. Daneben wird das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell der Persönlichkeit hinsichtlich seiner Entwicklung und seines Stellenwerts innerhalb der Persönlichkeitsforschung analysiert und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sowie Erfassungsmethoden der Big Five werden dargelegt. Im Anschluss werden theoretisch gefundene spezifische Zusammenhänge der beiden Konstrukte aufgezeigt. Die daraus resultierenden theoretischen Modelle zu den Zusammenhängen zwischen sozialer Kompetenz und Persönlichkeit sowie die damit verbundenen empirischen Hypothesen werden mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen an einer Stichprobe von jungen Erwachsenen aus der deutschsprachigen Schweiz überprüft. Die Strukturgleichungsmodelle können mit akzeptablen bis guten Gütekriterien beibehalten werden. Eine zusätzliche Kreuzvalidierung an einer zweiten unabhängigen Stichprobe bestätigt die Ergebnisse in weiten Teilen. Eine weitere Modellprüfung an einer französischsprachigen Stichprobe gibt erste Hinweise für eine kulturübergreifende Generalisierung. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Studie werden sowohl methodisch als auch mit Bezug auf die theoretischen Ausführungen diskutiert und es werden Implikationen für die weitere Forschung erörtert.