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Institute
The estimation of various social objects is necessary in different fields of social life, science, education, etc. This estimation is usually used for forecasting, for evaluating of different properties and for other goals in complex man-machine systems. At present this estimation is possible by means of computer and mathematical simulation methods which is connected with significant difficulties, such as: - time-distributed process of receiving information about the object; - determination of a corresponding mathematical device and structure identification of the mathematical model; - approximation of the mathematical model to real data, generalization and parametric identification of the mathematical model; - identification of the structure of the links of the real social object. The solution of these problems is impossible without a special intellectual information system which combines different processes and allows predicting the behaviour of such an object. However, most existing information systems lead to the solution of only one special problem. From this point of view the development of a more general technology of designing such systems is very important. The technology of intellectual information system development for estimation and forecasting the professional ability of respondents in the sphere of education can be a concrete example of such a technology. Job orientation is necessary and topical in present economic conditions. It helps tornsolve the problem of expediency of investments to a certain sphere of education. Scientifically validated combined diagnostic methods of job orientation are necessary to carry out professional selection in higher education establishments. The requirements of a modern society are growing, with the earlier developed techniques being unable to correspond to them sufficiently. All these techniques lack an opportunity to account all necessary professional and personal characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system of various tests. Thus, the development of new methods of job orientation for entrants is necessary. The information model of the process of job orientation is necessary for this purpose. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an information system capable of giving recommendations concerning the choice of a trade on the basis of complex personal characteristics of entrants.
Computers fundamentally changed the methods used by social scientists during the past decades. It is no exaggeration to state that the wide use and growing user-friendliness of computers and statistical analysis systems helped empirical social research as a subdiscipline to become mainstream. This made a new subdiscipline necessary which is mainly working on adapting and applying computer science methods for social research: social science informatics. This book originated from lecture courses given by the authors from the mid-1980s and developed for computer science students with a minor in social science. Unlike many other introductions to univariate and multivariate data analysis, this book is addressed to advanced scholars and students who apply "classical" statistical methods and who want to get an overview of the mathematical foundations of the methods they apply and who want to avoid the pitfalls of cookbook-like introduction when they interpret their results. The electronic document is a slightly revised version of the printed version of 1994 which has been out of stock for many years.