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Institute
Innovation can help a forward-looking company to rise up very quickly, furthermore, innovative products and services bring a company to a stage where it can win new segments of customers and be ahead of the competition. For their innovation process, the companies can distinguish between open and closed innovation. In this case, we will focus on open innovation and how companies share their innovation processes for the benefit of the company. They use information and innovation systems to define their innovation process, as well as, track innovative ideas and the phase of their development. There are always pros and cons when it comes to open innovation processes in an organization. We will try to look at certain examples in the business world to illustrate how good or bad an open innovation process can be for a company. In this Bachelor thesis, we will try to point out the essential criteria for an open innovation process and illustrate companies which have used open innovation processes. In some cases it went successfully and for some companies it went unsuccessfully.
Digitalisation and further media development are core processes of the current digital age. In order for companies to benefit from technical progress, their employees must have or are expected to acquire the relevant skills. Companies therefore are faced with the task of not being overwhelmed with the mass of innovations and opportunities and, in the best-case scenario, of being able to use them to improve their own performance.
Small and medium-sized enterprises represent 99% of all enterprises in Germany. Though, it has not been further established, how the majority of small enterprises and their employees participate in this development. The research question therefore consists of two parts. On the one hand: "Is the promotion of employees' skills taken care of in micro-enterprises?" and on the other hand: "Where are the opportunities and challenges for companies of this size?”
In order to answer the research question, a qualitative research method was used, the guideline-based interview. The interviewed companies were all in the media and IT sector. Thus, the recorded and transcribed data provided a real insight into the current situation in micro-enterprises.
The responses to the interviews showed that companies with very small numbers of employees are more dependent on their employees than others. So, the commitment of the employees is decisive for the success of the company itself. It is the management's task to promote this and ensure employee satisfaction.
Companies that pay more attention to employee development are therefore more recommendable for career starters who need and/or want to develop themselves and their entire horizon of experience.
While the existing literature on cooperative R&D projects between firms and public research institutes (PRI) has made valuable contributions by examining various factors and their influence on different outcome measures, there has been no investigation of cooperative R&D project success between firms and PRI from a product competitive advantage perspective. However, insights into the development of a meaningful and superior product (i.e., product competitive advantage) are particularly important in the context of cooperative R&D projects between PRI and (mainly small and medium-sized) firms in the biotechnology industry in response to increasing competition to raise capital funds necessary for survival.
The objectives of this thesis are: (1) to elaborate the theoretical foundations which explain the achievement of a product competitive advantage in cooperative R&D projects between biotechnology firms and PRI, (2) to identify and empirically evaluate the determining factors for achieving a product competitive advantage in cooperative R&D projects between biotechnology firms and PRI, and (3) to show how cooperative R&D projects between biotechnology firms and PRI should be designed and executed to support the achievement of a product competitive advantage.
To accomplish these objectives, a model of determinants of product competitive advantage in cooperative R&D projects between biotechnology firms and PRI is developed by drawing from the theoretical foundations of resource-based theory and information-processing theory. The model is evaluated using data from 517 questionnaires on cooperative R&D projects between at least one biotechnology firm and one PRI. The data are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling (i.e., PLS-SEM) in order to conduct hypotheses testing. The evaluation of the empirical data includes an additional mediation analysis and the comparison of effects in subsamples.
The results demonstrate the importance of available resources and skills, as well as the proficient execution of marketing-related and technical activities for the achievement of a product competitive advantage in cooperative R&D projects between biotechnology firms and PRI. By identifying project-related and process-related factors affecting product competitive advantage and empirically testing their relationships, the research findings should be valuable for both researchers and practitioners. After discussing contributions and implications for research and practice, the present thesis concludes with limitations and avenues for future research.
Despite the inception of new technologies at a breakneck pace, many analytics projects fail mainly due to the use of incompatible development methodologies. As big data analytics projects are different from software development projects, the methodologies used in software development projects could not be applied in the same fashion to analytics projects. The traditional agile project management approaches to the projects do not consider the complexities involved in the analytics. In this thesis, the challenges involved in generalizing the application of agile methodologies will be evaluated, and some suitable agile frameworks which are more compatible with the analytics project will be explored and recommended. The standard practices and approaches which are currently applied in the industry for analytics projects will be discussed concerning enablers and success factors for agile adaption. In the end, after the comprehensive discussion and analysis of the problem and complexities, a framework will be recommended that copes best with the discussed challenges and complexities and is generally well suited for the most data-intensive analytics projects.
Social entrepreneurship is a form of entrepreneurship that marries a social mission to a competitive value proposition. Notably, social entrepreneurship fosters a more equitable society by addressing social issues and trying to achieve an ongoing sustainable impact through a social mission rather than purely profit maximization. The topic of social entrepreneurship has appealed considerably to many different streams of research. The focus on understanding how and why entrepreneurs think and act is a significant justification for future research. Nevertheless, the theoretical examination of this phenomenon is in its infancy. Social entrepreneurship research is still largely phenomenon-driven. Specifically, Social Entrepreneurial Intention is in an early stage and lacks quantitative research. Therefore, this thesis proposes to address this need. The thesis’ objectives are twofold: (1) develop a formation model for Social Entrepreneurial Intentions in general and (2) test the model by conducting an empirical study. Based on these objectives, the two research questions guiding the thesis are (1) what factors influence the intention of a person to become a social entrepreneur and (2) what relationships exist among these factors.
In order to answer these two research questions, this thesis uses purposeful research design, which is a combination of literature review and empirical study. The literature review is based on a comprehensive range of books, articles, and research papers published in leading academic journals and conference proceedings in different disciplines such as entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, management, social psychology, and social economics. The empirical study is conducted via a survey of 600 last-year students from four universities in three regions in Vietnam: Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh. The data are analyzed with SPSS-AMOS version 24, using screening data, scale development, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmation factor analysis. The thesis ascertains that Entrepreneurship Experience/Extra-curricular Activity, Role Model, Social Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Social Entrepreneurial Outcome Expectation directly and positively affect the intention of the Vietnamese students to be social entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Education also influences the Social Entrepreneurial Intention, but not directly, otherwise indirectly via Social Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Social Entrepreneurial Outcome Expectation. Similarly, Perceived Support has no direct relationship to Social Entrepreneurial Intention; however, it shows an indirect link via the mediator ‘Social Entrepreneurial Outcome Expectation’. Furthermore, the dissertation brings new insights to the social entrepreneurship literature and provides important implications for practice. Limitations and future directions are also provided in the thesis.
Innovationen prägen die Gesellschaft. Daher ist das Innovationsmanagement eine zentrale Aufgabe in Unternehmen. Erfolgreiche Innovationen können die Effizienz und Effektivität eines Unternehmens steigern, folglich ist das Ziel eines Innovationsmanagements, erfolgreiche Innovationen hervorzubringen. Innerhalb des Managements von Innovationen entstehen Herausforderungen, die auf Innovationsbarrieren zurückzuführen sind. Diese können zum Scheitern von Innovation führen. Um diese Art von Misserfolg zu vermeiden, kann ein Vorgehensmodell zur Identifizierung und zum Umgang mit Innovationsbarrieren einen erfolgsorientierten Innovationsprozess begünstigen.
Die Eisenbahnindustrie ist durch ihre Infrastruktur, ihre politische Abhängigkeit und Sicherheitsanforderungen gekennzeichnet. Sicherheit, als eines der Hauptthemen der Branche ist einerseits durch das Schutz- und Kontrollsystem der Politik geprägt und andererseits gestaltet und beeinflusst durch Forschung und Entwicklung von Unternehmen, Universitäten oder externen Entwicklern. Die Unfallvermeidung ist ein bedeutendes Thema in der Literatur zur Eisenbahnsicherheit, hierbei ist die Instandhaltung eines der Instrumente, die der Vorbeugung dienen. Die Prävention von Unfällen treibt den Bedarf von Innovatio-nen für die Eisenbahnsicherheit an. Dementsprechend ist die Thematik der Innovationsbarrieren auch für die Bahnindustrie von Bedeutung. Der Umgang mit diesen in dem konkreten Zusammenhang der Eisenbahnsicherheit soll anhand eines Vorgehensmodells systematisiert werden. Um das Modell insbesondere auf die Branche und den Schwerpunkt der Sicherheit abzustimmen, wird das Grundgerüst des Modells aus der Literatur erarbeitet und mit den recherchierten Kenntnissen der Branche erweitert. Basierend auf den Kenntnissen über Innovationsbarrieren im Schienenverkehr werden Schnittstellenprobleme als Ursache von den spezifischen Barrieren identifiziert. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Interoperabilität und technische Harmonisierung zwischen Ländern wie der EU sowie die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Industrie und Wissenschaft oder externen Entwicklern. In dem Bezug zu der Branche konnte für das Modell eine Erweiterung erarbeitet werden. Es wurde herausgearbeitet, dass die Eisenbahnbranche weniger innovationsaktiv ist, als z. B. die Technologiebranche. Dies ist auf einen Mangel an Motivation zur Innovation zurückzuführen, der in der Branchenkultur aufgrund von der vergangenen Monopolstellung und dem hohen Sicherheitsanspruch zu einer risikoaversen Haltung führt. Daher muss die fortschreitende Liberalisierung des Eisenbahnmarktes abgeschlossen und die Sicherheitskonzepte neu strukturiert werden, um ein innovationsfreundliches Umfeld zu schaffen.
Letztendlich sollte das Vorgehensmodell in einer realen Umgebung getestet werden. Es wäre interessant zu erfahren, ob das entwickelte Modell zu den in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der mangelnden Motivation für Innovationen passt. Darüber hinaus scheint eine Validierung von Experten angebracht zu sein, da die Entwicklung des Modells von der Literaturrecherche abhängt
Abstract
This bachelor thesis delivers a comprehensive overview of the topic Internet of Things (IoT). With the help of a first literature review, important characteristics, architectures, and properties have been identified. The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine whether the use of IoT in the transport of food, considering the compliance with the cold chain, can provide advantages for companies to reduce food waste. For this purpose, a second literature review has been carried out with food transport systems without the use, as well as with the use of IoT. Based on the literature review, it is possible at the end to determine a theoretical ‘ideal’ system for food transport in refrigerated trucks. The respective used technologies are also mentioned. The findings of several authors have shown that often significant improvements can be achieved in surveillance, transport in general, or traceability of food, and ultimately food waste can be reduced. However, benefits can also be gained using new non-IoT-based technologies. Thus, the main knowledge of this bachelor thesis is that a theoretical ‘ideal’ transport system contains a sensible combination of technologies with and without IoT. This system includes the use of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for real-time food monitoring, as well as an alarm function when the temperature exceeds a maximum. Real-time monitoring with GPS coupled with a monitoring center to prevent traffic jams is another task. Smart and energy-efficient packaging, and finally the use of the new supercooling-technology, make the system significantly more efficient in reducing food waste. These highlights, that when choosing a transport system, which is as efficient and profitable as possible for food with refrigerated transport, companies need not just rely on the use of IoT. On this basis, it is advisable to combine the systems and technologies used so far with IoT in order to avoid as much food waste as possible.
Social networking platforms as creativity fostering systems: research model and exploratory study
(2008)
Social networking platforms are enabling users to create their own content, share this content with anyone they invite and organize connections with existing or new online contacts. Within these electronic environments users voluntarily add comments on virtual boards, distribute their search results or add information about their expertise areas to their social networking profiles and thereby share it with acquaintances, friends and increasingly even with colleagues in the corporate world. As a result, it is most likely that the underlying knowledge sharing processes result in many new and creative ideas. The objective of our research therefore is to understand if and how social social networking platforms can enforce creativity. In addition, we look at how these processes could be embedded within the organizational structures that influence innovative knowledge sharing behavior. The basis for our research is a framework which focuses on the relations between intrinsic motivation, creativity and social networking platforms. First results of our empirical investigation of a social software platform called "StudiVZ.net" proved that our two propositions are valid.
The impact of innovation in order to secure a company- existence is increasing. Especially in the field of information and communication systems, modified conditions, reduced product life cycles (in some markets e.g. in the software market down to a few months), and increased competition force many companies to adapt their innovation speed. Long-term profit will just be obtained by those companies that will manage to consolidate or further to enlarge their competitive position with technological innovation. The increasing relevance of new developments requires a separate treatment of technological innovations and demands for a technology and innovation management. Not every innovation is thereby a result of a single, spontaneous idea. Many innovations evolve from the integration or combination of already existing technologies. Especially in markets with insignificant growing rates, this kind of innovation is quite important. The purpose of this article is a case-oriented identification of existing deficiencies within established recommendations for a strategic technology and innovation management and the discussion about the role of modularity and technology integration as an alternative way to innovate.
Im Rahmen der Masterarbeit wird die kompetenzgestützte Weiterbildungssuche analysiert und am Beispiel des Weiterbildungsvergleichsportales EDUfittery dargestellt.
Die Umsetzung und Integration eines Kompetenzmessverfahrens in ein Vergleichsportal für Weiterbildungen war das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Des Weiteren sollte anhand des Kompetenzmessverfahrens ein sogenanntes „Matching“ zwischen Kompetenz und Weiterbildung erarbeitet werden. Beim „Matching“ werden dementsprechend die vom Kunden eingegebenen Kompetenzen mit passenden Weiterbildungsvorschlägen verbunden. Somit wird ein individuelles Kundenerlebnis in der Weiterbildungssuche erreicht. Um dies zu ermöglichen, wird zu Beginn der Arbeit ein theoretisches Kompetenzschema analysiert, sodass Aussagen über Erhebungsverfahren und Auswertungsstrategien getroffen werden können, um diese, besonders in Bezug auf ein web-gestütztes Messinstrument, kritisch zu hinterfragen. Aufbauend auf der Analyse verschiedener Kompetenzmessverfahren im Online-Segment, kann gezeigt werden, dass die Kompetenzdiagnostik zwar einige Verfahren zur Verfügung stellt, doch nur wenige sind praktikabel und in der Lage tätigkeitsbezogene Handlungskompetenzen zu bewerten. Folglich wurde das Instrument der Selbsteinschätzung von Kompetenzen als am besten zutreffendes Verfahren für EDUfittery gewählt.
Im Zuge der Arbeit wurden zwei Online-Umfragen und ein Experteninterview durchgeführt. Dabei wurden zum einen Mitarbeiter, als auch Personaler in Bezug auf Weiterbildungen befragt. Als Experte konnte Herr Korn, von der IHK Akademie Koblenz gewonnen werden. Anhand der Umfrageergebnisse und weiterer Recherchen konnte ein umfangreicher Business Case für EDUfittery angefertigt und mit Prozessdiagrammen veranschaulicht werden. Es wird ersichtlich, dass das Thema Kompetenzanalysen in Unternehmen bisher kaum Anwendung findet. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der aktuellen Marktsituation wird zusätzlich klar, dass es derzeitig noch keine Plattform gibt, die Kompetenzen mit Weiterbildungen erfolgreich in Zusammenhang bringt, um dem Kunden individuelle Weiterbildungslösungen anbieten zu können. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit kann demnach festgehalten werden, dass eine Integration von Kompetenzanalysen im Bereich Weiterbildungssuche durchaus sinnvoll ist. EDUfittery könnte sich bei erfolgreicher Umsetzung als hilfreiches Tool im Bereich Weiterbildung und Kompetenz etablieren und somit Unternehmen grundlegend bei der Abbildung, Analyse und Weiterentwicklung von Kompetenzen unterstützen.
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Datenmodell für Shared Annotations vorgestellt. Basierend auf einem bereits existierenden Datenmodell für Annotationen, wird dieses erweitert um die Möglichkeit der Modellierung von Shared Annotations. Daraufhin werden Funktionen von Shared Annotations erläutert, die über das neue Annotationsmodell möglich sind.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen weltweit herrschende inhaltliche Ausprägungen und Schwerpunkte des Themengebiets "BMI" bzw. "GMI" mit Hilfe des Literatur-Reviews akademischer Artikel herausgearbeitet werden. Die festgestellten Beziehungen und Zusammenhänge sollen visualisiert und lokalisiert werden, um eine globale Sicht über das Thema herzustellen. Unter anderem sollen die in das finale Set aufgenommenen Artikel auf eine Korrelation zwischen BMI und Controlling bzw. Management hin überprüft werden. Als letzter Schritt soll eine Ableitung möglicher Forschungslücken unternommen werden.
In this thesis criteria and requirements for a successful collaboration platform for the improvement of communication between scientific institutes of the railway industry distributed worldwide are developed and evaluated. First, an introduction to collaboration platforms and their current market situation and trends will be given. The result-ing knowledge will be used for a qualitative content analysis in the form of interviews with the target group of the planned collaboration platform. Based on the basic knowledge and the interviews carried out, hypotheses for communication in scientific institutes will then be formed. These hypotheses serve to create a questionnaire for a quantitative survey of the target group. The following analysis of general collaboration platforms and those of the railway industry provides further insights and describes requirements for a successful conception of a collaboration platform.
A subsequently planned conception of this platform cannot be carried out within the scope of this research work due to a lack of meaningful results and information. The planned quantitative content analysis was too complex for the chosen research context. In this research work, the quantitative questioning will be prepared for the following research work in this topic area. Further work results will be evaluated and made available for the following research work.
Increasing innovation is the main reason of a changing daily work. The interaction of progressing digital technologies and our working society has originated the term “New Work”. “New Work” implies, that like spare time work time becomes part of the world of live. In this context, the self-responsibility, self-determination and self-realization of an individual in the professional as well as in the private environment is important.
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the meaning of “New Work”. Also the components and the background is considered in detail by the literature analysis in order to answer the first research question "What is the meaning of the term “New Work" in research and practice?". For this purpose, the central contents of digitalization and technology, structure of work as well as work attitude of “New Work” are taken up and explicitly examined. What perception and what benefits employees and entrepreneurs have in relation to these contents is analyzed in the present bachelor thesis on the basis of a qualitative study. The collected results from the expert interviews also provide a comparison between entrepreneurs and employees understanding, attitude and feelings towards “New Work”.
The interviews show, that “New Work” has a positive influence on the personal and the professional development of individuals. In addition, “New Work” has created new perspectives and requirements for workers and employers. “New Work” is focusing on goal-oriented working attitude and displaces time-oriented work. Through the realization and implementation of these new perspectives and requirements, it results in a fulfilling feeling in the working and living world. Caused by the abolishment of boundaries, “New Work” can be realized. Due to a satisfying profession, the sense and purpose of the work is no longer questioned. The “New Work” development leads to a cultural revolution based and digital changes.
In der Literatur sind Projekte als geeignetes Mittel zur Implementierung von Strategien im Unternehmen anerkannt. Ähnlich wie bei einem Projekt handelt es sich bei der Implementierung von Strategien um zeitlich befristete Aufgaben, die in der Regel eine hohe Komplexität und Neuartigkeit aufweisen. Aufgrund dessen werden heutzutage strategische Vorhaben in Form von Projekten umgesetzt. Somit haben Projekte eine hohe Bedeutung für die strategische Entwicklung von Unternehmen. Um diese strategische Entwicklung sichern zu können, muss ein permanentes Lenkungssystem für strategische Projekte im Unternehmen implementiert werden " das Projektportfoliomanagement. Aufgrund der Komplexität und Neuartigkeit strategischer Projekte ist das Projektportfoliomanagement ein hoch komplexes Lenkungssystem mit vielen Subprozessen, die mit hohen Kosten und Zeitaufwand verbunden sind. Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Optimierung des Projektportfoliomanagements anhand der Lean-Philosophie. Letztere ist eine Sammlung von Prinzipien und Methoden, die für die Verschlankung der Produktion in der Automobilindustrie entwickelt wurde. Der Einsatz der Lean-Prinzipien brachte eine derartige Steigerung der Effizienz und Effektivität bei der Automobilherstellung, dass diese Prinzipien auch in anderen Branchen und Funktionsbereichen eigesetzt werden. Nun soll das Potential der Lean-Philosophie für die Optimierung des Projektportfoliomanagements untersucht werden.
This scientific paper deals with the question to which extend the increasing digitization has an impact on work-life balance. Answering this question is the main goal of this study.
To reach this goal a literature review is made, in which it is possible to create a direct correlation between the subjective feel of work-life balance and the perceived stress level. With the help of Antonovsky’s salutogenesis model (1997) from the stress research field, factors are ascertained which determine the perceived stress level and linked with that the perceived work-life balance. These stress-influencing factors are examined through a qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2014) on a base of a problem-centered interview.
The results suggest that the digitization has impact on all these ascertained factors and linked to them on the work-life balance. This shows, that the digitization influences us in almost every aspect of work or private life. Whether this impact is positive or negative towards the work life balance depends on the individual, that assesses this factor. Clear distinctions can be made between people working in an IT-based job and those that do not. In comparison, people with IT-based jobs perceive a substantial better impact of digitization on work-life balance.
Willingness to pay and willingness to accept on a two-sided platform - The use case of DoBeeDo
(2019)
It is widely known that especially for technology-based start-ups, entrepreneurs need to set up the boundaries of the business and define the product/service to offer in order to minimize the risk of failure. The goal of this thesis is to not only emphasize the importance of the business model development and evaluation but also show an example customer validation process for an emerging start-up named DoBeeDo, which is a mobile app operating on a two-sided market. During the process of customer validation a survey has been conducted to evaluate the interest of the target groups as well as the fit of their expectations using the Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept measures. The paper includes an analysis and evaluation of the gathered results and assesses whether the execution of the Customer Development Model can be continued.
Im Laufe der letzten Jahre hat sich der typische Komplex an kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren für Unternehmen verändert, infolgedessen der Faktor Wissen eine wachsende Bedeutung erlangt hat. Insofern kann man zum heutigen Zeitpunkt von Wissen als viertem Produktionsfaktor sprechen, welcher die Faktoren Arbeit, Kapital und Boden als wichtigste Faktoren eines Unternehmens ablöst (vgl. Keller & Yeaple 2013, S. 2; Kogut & Zander 1993, S. 631). Dies liegt darin begründet, dass aktive Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung von Wissenstransfer in Unternehmen höhere Profite und Marktanteile sowie bessere Überlebensfähigkeit gegenüber Wettbewerbern ohne derartige Maßnahmen nach sich ziehen (vgl. Argote 1999, S. 28; Szulanski 1996, S. 27; Osterloh & Frey 2000, S. 538). Der hauptsächliche Vorteil von wissensbasierten Entwicklungen liegt dabei in deren Nachhaltigkeit, da aufgrund der immateriellen Struktur (vgl. Inkpen & Dinur 1998, S. 456; Spender 1996a, S. 65 f.; Spender 1996b, S. 49; Nelson & Winter 1982, S. 76 ff.) eine Nachahmung durch Wettbewerber erschwert wird (vgl. Wernerfelt 1984, S. 173; Barney 1991, S. 102).
