The biodegradable polymers polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from renewable raw materials were coated with hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers (a-C:H) at different deposition angles with various thicknesses as part of this thesis. Similar to conventional polymers, biopolymers often have unsuitable surface properties for industrial purposes, e.g. low hardness. For some applications, it is therefore necessary and advantageous to modify the surface properties of biopolymers while retaining the main properties of the substrate material. A suitable surface modification is the deposition of thin a-C:H layers. Their properties depend essentially on the sp² and sp³ hybridization ratio of the carbon atoms and the content of hydrogen atoms. The sp²/sp³ ratio was to be controlled in the present work by varying the coating geometry. Since coatings at 0°, directly in front of the plasma source, contain a higher percentage of sp³ and indirectly coated (180°) a higher amount of sp², it is shown in this work that it is possible to control the sp²/sp³ ratio. For this purpose, the samples are placed in front of the plasma source at angles of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180° and coated for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 minutes. For the angles 0°, the layer thicknesses were 25, 50, 75 and 100 nm. The a-C:H layers were all deposited using radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and acetylene as C and H sources after being pretreated with an oxygen plasma for 10 minutes. Following the O₂ treatment and the a-C:H deposition, the surfaces are examined using macroscopic and microscopic measurement methods and the data is then analyzed. The surface morphology is recorded using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, data on the stability of the layer and the surface roughness can be collected. Contact angle (CA) measurements are used to determine not only the wettability, but also the contact angle hysteresis by pumping the drop volume up and down. By measuring the CA with different liquids and comparing them, the surface free energy (SFE) and its polar and disperse components are determined. The changes in barrier properties are verified by water vapor transmission rate tests (WVTR). The chemical analysis of the surface is carried out on the one hand by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with specular reflection and on the other hand by synchrotron-supported techniques such as near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When analyzing the surfaces after the O₂ treatment, which was initially assumed to serve only to clean and activate the surface for the a-C:H coating, it was found that the changes were more drastic than originally assumed. For example, if PLA is treated at 0° for 10 minutes, the roughness increases fivefold. As the angle increases, it decreases again until it returns to the initial value at 180°. This can be recognized to a lesser extent with PHB at 30°. For both polymers, it can be shown that the polar fraction of the SFE increases. In the WVTR, a decrease in permeability can be observed for PLA and an increase in the initial value for PHB. The chemical surface analysis shows that the O₂ treatment has little effect on the surface bonds. Overall, it can be shown in this work that the O₂ treatment has an effect on the properties of the surface and cannot be regarded exclusively as a cleaning and activation process. With direct a-C:H coating (at 0°), a layer failure due to internal stress can be observed for both PLA and PHB. This also occurs with PHB at 30°, but to a lesser extent. Permeability of the polymers is reduced by 47% with a five-minute coating and the layer at 10.0 minutes continues to have this effect despite cracks appearing. The application of a-C:H layers shows a dominance of sp³ bonds for both polymer types with direct coating. This decreases with increasing angle and sp² bonds become dominant for indirect coatings. This result is similar for all coating thicknesses, only the angle at which the change of the dominant bond takes place is different. It is shown that it is possible to control the surface properties by an angle-dependent coating and thus to control the ratio sp²/sp³.

Nanoparticles are sensitive and robust systems; they are particularly reactive due to their large surface area and have properties that the bulk material does not have. At the same time, the production of nanoparticles is challenging, because even with the same parameters and conditions, the parameters can vary slightly from run to run. In order to avoid this, this work aims to develop a continuous synthesis in the microjet reactor for nanoceria. The aim is to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles that can be used in biosensors. This work focuses on two precipitation syntheses with the intermediate steps of cerium carbonate and cerium hydroxide, as well as a microemulsion synthesis for the production of nanoceria. The cerium oxide nanoparticles are compared using different characterisation and application methods. The synthesised nanoparticles will be characterised with respect to their size, stability, chemical composition and catalytic capabilities, by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The biosensor systems to evaluate the nanoceria are designed to detect histamine and glucose or hydrogen peroxide, which are resulting from the oxidation of histamine and glucose. Hydrogen peroxide and glucose are detected by an electrochemical sensor and histamine by a colorimetric sensor system.

Classical music has played a central role in German music education since at least the second half of the 20th century. However, in more recent music pedagogical discourse, classical music remains a controversial topic. But what do music teachers think about classical music as a subject for music education? This topic has not yet been systematically researched in German-speaking music education. In this qualitative-empirical study, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to address the question of how music teachers perceive classical music in music education. The data was evaluated using the Grounded Theory Methodology. The theory developed from the study indicates that music teachers have varying objectives when using classical music in music education. However, they generally consider it unfamiliar to their students. To address this situation, music teachers develop various methods and strategies. These can be categorized into three approaches for dealing with the unfamiliarity of classical music: avoidance, reduction/relativization, and utilization. The study's findings are contextualized within the framework of foreignness theory, music didactics, and transformational educational theory. This dissertation contributes to the field of music education in classical music, laying the groundwork for further theoretical, empirical, and didactic research.

Focusing on the triangulation of detective fiction, masculinity studies and disability studies, "Investigating the Disabled Detective – Disabled Masculinity and Masculine Disability in Contemporary Detective Fiction" shows that disability challenges common ideals of (hegemonic) masculinity as represented in detective fiction. After a theoretical introduction to the relevant focal points of the three research fields, the dissertation demonstrates that even the archetypal detectives Dupin and Holmes undermine certain nineteenth-century masculine ideals with their peculiarities. Shifting to contemporary detective fiction and adopting a literary disability studies perspective, the dissertation investigates how male detectives with a form of neurodiversity or a physical impairment negotiate their masculine identity in light of their disability in private and professional contexts. It argues that the occupation as a detective supports the disabled investigator to achieve ‘masculine disability’. Inversing the term ‘disabled masculinity’, predominantly used in research, ‘masculine disability’ introduces a decisively gendered reading of neurodiversity and (acquired) physical impairment in contemporary detective fiction. The term implies that the disabled detective (re)negotiates his masculine identity by implementing the disability in his professional investigations and accepting it as an important, yet not defining, characteristic of his (gender) identity. By applying this approach to five novels from contemporary British and American detective fiction, the dissertation demonstrates that masculinity and disability do not negate each other, as commonly assumed. Instead, it emphasises that disability allows the detective, as much as the reader, to rethink masculinity.

Sind Menschen von einer Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland betroffen, so regelt der durch § 14 SGB XI festgeschriebene Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff den Zugang zu Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung. Der Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff ist dabei ein normativ gesetzter und basiert bislang nicht auf empirischen Studien aus dem Bereich der Pflege und der Pflegewissenschaft. Durch seine gesetzliche Fundierung lenkt er die Bedingungen und Strukturen, unter welchen Pflegeleistungen in Deutschland von Pflegefachpersonen erbracht werden. Weiterhin ist davon auszugehen, dass die Pflegefachpersonen durch ihre professionelle Sozialisierung einen fachlichen Fokus auf das Konstrukt der Pflegebedürftigkeit legen, welcher sich vom Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff unterscheidet und strukturell nicht in die Leistungsbemessung einfließt. Daraus ergeben sich Aspekte einer pflegerischen Unter- und Überversorgung. Die vorliegende Ph.D.-Thesis verfolgt das Anliegen, die Herausforderungen des Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriffs in Deutschland aufzuzeigen, indem die Aspekte der Pflegebedürftigkeit von Pflegefachpersonen im ambulanten Setting im Hinblick auf deren Interaktion mit pflegebedürftigen Menschen empirisch erfasst und zu einem theoretischen Konzept ausgearbeitet werden. Zur methodischen Bearbeitung des Forschungsinteresses werden problemzzentrierte Interviews mit ambulanten Pflegefachpersonen geführt, die mit Rückbezug auf den Symbolischen Interaktionismus nach Herbert Blumer unter methodologischen und methodischen Gesichtspunkten mittels einer Grounded Theory nach Kathy Charmaz sowie Juliet Corbin und Anselm Strauss erhoben und ausgewertet werden. Dabei kommt ein reflexives-konstruktivistisches Forschen und Schreiben als Konsequenz der epistemologisch-methodologischen Fundierung der Autorin zur Anwendung. Die erarbeitete Theorie beschreibt die Herausforderungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit aus Sicht der befragten Pflegefachpersonen. So werden in der Kernkategorie Aushandlungsprozesse in den Bereichen Nähe und Distanz, Anwaltschaft und Verantwortungsüberlassung sowie Ethos und Technokratie beschrieben. Sämtliche Aspekte zeigen auf, inwiefern der gesetzliche Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff zu Herausforderungen innerhalb der pflegerischen Arbeit führt. Die Ph.D.-Thesis liefert mit ihren Ergebnissen einen Beitrag zur Einordnung und Relevanz pflegerischer Beziehungsarbeit im Hinblick auf herrschende Rahmenbedingungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit und zeigt auf, inwiefern sich Interaktion und Kommunikation der Akteur*innen vor dem Anspruch individueller Pflege und dem deutschen ambulanten Pflegesystem wechselseitig bedingen. Sie liefert damit einen professionell und empirisch begründeten Ansatz für die Einschätzung und Bearbeitung von pflegefachlich erlebter Pflegebedürftigkeit.