Purpose: The present research aims on the one hand to provide a basic understanding of the challenges that young companies in growth face by discussing previous findings on this topic. On the other hand, this research project wants to generate new insights on specific challenges and possible learning processes by means of a theory-based examination of a case study. Design/Methodology/Approach: The author of this study conducts a theory-based case study investigation. The study is based on two theoretical concepts which depict the phenomenon of challenges faced by young companies in growth in an abstract form: On the one hand, the "Tension-Balancing Management" according to Harald von Korflesch, which expresses the fundamental tension within entrepreneurial organizations, which in turn can be seen as a starting point for actual challenges. On the other hand, the "Tipping Points / Absorbative Capacities" framework by Phelps and colleagues, which links challenges (Tipping Points) that young companies will experience during their lifetime with required capabilities (Absorbative Capacities). Guided by these theories, rich data from interviews, observations and documents from the case are collected and analyzed in order to generate insights. Findings: On the one hand, challenges of young growing companies can be described on a superordinate level with the help of the two theoretical concepts. On the other hand, the analysis also shows that, above all, a fine-grained, individual approach is needed to adequately depict challenges and learning processes. Research Limitations: The main limitation of the present study is the single-case design. The fact that only one specific case was examined means that the insights gained from this cannot be automatically replicated to comparable cases. The simultaneous examination of multiple cases could thus make the results more stable. Originality/Value: The qualitative investigation of growth-related challenges by means of a specific case study creates an in-depth and profound understanding of complex interactions in the growth of young companies. In addition, the assumptions of both theoretical concepts are tested on a real case, thus enabling theoretical and practical implications to be identified.

Die Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der zentralen Frage, welche Erfolgsfaktoren einen Effekt auf eine erfolgreiche Crowdfunding Kampagne haben. Als Untersuchungsfeld stehen deutsche Startup-Unternehmen im Fokus, die bereits erfolgreiche CrowdfundingKampagnen durchgeführt haben. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wird zunächst eine systematische Literaturanalyse durchgeführt, durch die relevante Erfolgsfaktoren für eine Crowdfunding-Kampagne ermittelt werden. Diese Faktoren werden anschließend einem Mixed-Method-Ansatz unterzogen, bei dem qualitative Ergebnisse, basierend auf einer Fallstudienforschung, mit den statistisch ausgewerteten quantitativen Ergebnissen aus der Fragebogenforschung verglichen und überprüft werden. Dabei liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf der Identifikation von signifikanten Wirkungszusammenhängen zwischen den Erfolgsfaktoren und einer erfolgreichen Crowdfunding-Kampagne. Im Ergebnis konnten diesbezüglich Wirkungszusammenhänge innerhalb dieser Thesis nachgewiesen werden. Sechs der festgestellten Zusammenhänge aus der qualitativen Analyse werden durch die quantitative Analyse bestätigt. Es konnte jedoch keine Signifikanz der Korrelationen festgestellt werden. Auch die Hypothese, dass sich die Erfolgsaussichten einer Kampagne durch eine höhere Anzahl jeweils kombinierter Erfolgsfaktoren erhöhen, wurde sowohl in der qualitativen als auch in der quantitativen Betrachtung widerlegt. Demnach galt es für den Autor der vorliegenden Thesis künftige Forschungsfelder zu definieren, die die ermittelten Ergebnisse erweitern und konkretisieren. Es bleibt beispielsweise einer weiterführenden Forschung überlassen, zu klären, ob bestimmte Kombinationen der Erfolgsfaktoren zu signifikanten Wirkungszusammenhängen führen. Darüber hinaus bietet sich eine weiterführende statistische Regressionsanalyse an, um die kausalen Effekte zu untersuchen und Prognosen für erfolgreiche Crowdfunding-Kampagnen zu formulieren.

The maintenance strategy “predictive maintenance”, which is characterized by predicting the failure behavior of technical units based on modern sensor technology, plays a key role in smart factories against the background of an industry 4.0. This paper contains an evaluation of the current state of research on this strategy and gives an overview of the areas of application to date. With the aid of a qualitative video analysis, the implementation in the industries and company divisions involved and the type of goods monitored are examined. The analyzed video clips were uploaded to YouTube for example for marketing purposes by various companies with different perspectives on predictive maintenance. The video analysis was realized by applying a previously defined coding plan to the video material. The results show a predominant application in the manufacturing industry, in which predictive maintenance is used to monitor plants and machines. In addition, the strategy is also mainly applied to means of transport used for freight and passenger transport in various infrastructures. As a result of the video analysis, the currently high need for explanation of predictive maintenance becomes visible. By looking at these explanations, one also learns something about the special features that distinguish it from other maintenance strategies.

This thesis aims to find models to calculate damages to persons in the context of railway accidents. These models were tested for their applicability for a railway accident database. The reviewed models for injured casualties were identified by a research of literature. Their applicability for the accident database was tested with the aid of average values and sample values. The analysis of fatalities was executed via the combination of collected values of two literature researches. These values were compared to the values of the database. It was stated that there is a calculation for seriously injured, which may serve more exact values than the calculation of the database, especially when there is more detailed data about the casualties. The calculation of slightly injured couldn't be realized by just beholding the pure damages to persons, because it's only a small part of the costs the responsible company has to pay. For the calculation of fatalities appeared problems with the methodology of the most studies.

This thesis deals with the approach, the structure and the variety of methods in the field of technology forecasting. Furthermore insights into the environment of Railways Diagnostics and Monitoring Technologies (RDMT), their technology management and industryspecific requirements for technology forecasting (especially in the area SMEs) are given. Combining those a recommendation for practical use of research results in companies of this size and industry is developed. In order to initiate the previously mentioned research elements a literature research was operated in the field of innovation management and the railway environment. In addition, an interview with an expert of a medium-sized technology manufacturer of RDMT industry was performed. The most important finding was that a single method cannot fulfill the requirements on its own, thus a combination of methods and organizational forms is necessary to achieve an effective technology forecasting.

Entrepreneurial Strategy ist in der Literaturwelt weit verbreitet. Dieser Begriff fand schon im 20. Jahrhundert seine Anwendung und zieht sich bis ins heutige Zeitalter weiter. Diese Beständigkeit und Entwicklung des Entrepreneurs und dem Wunsch nach einem eigenen Unternehmen trieben die Diskussion dieses Themas voran. Die Wahl der passenden unternehmerischen Strategie ist eine der wichtigsten Entscheidungen, die ein Unternehmer treffen muss. Diese Problematik sorgte für eine Analyse und genaue Forschung der Entscheidungen und Einflussfaktoren. Resultate davon wurden festgehalten und interpretiert um die Branche der Entrepreneure zu fördern und somit die Wirtschaft anzutreiben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zunächst ein Grundverständnis für die wichtigsten Begrifflichkeiten ausgearbeitet. Grundlage dieser Bachelorarbeit ist jedoch, anhand einer Literaturanalyse nach Webster und Watson (2002) einen Einblick in die Forschung der Entwicklung von Entrepreneurial Strategy zu geben und den aktuellen Stand herauszuarbeiten. Anahnd dieser Literaturanalyse werden Referenzen, Konzepte und die Notwendigkeit von Strategien verdeutlicht und die Rolle in einem Start-Up erklärt. Aus der Analyse und dem Vergleich zu älteren Veröffentlichungen geht hervor, das der Prozess der Strategiefindung eine Differenzierung in zwei Teile aufweist. Es wird unter dem Strategiesuch- und dem Strategieauswahlprozess uinterschieden. Merkmale, die früher als Allgemeine Einflussfaktoren für die Wahl der Strategie angenommen wurden, werden in der heutigen Literatur den genauen Prozessen und Phasen zugeteilt. Das Resultiert, das Merkmale, wie die persönlichen Eigenschaften, die Umgebung und das Humankapital eines Unternehmers mehr Einfluss während dem Suchprozess haben als während der darauffolgenden Auswahl. Zudem wurden für die Auwahl Methoden und Richtlinien entwickelt, die dem Unternehmer helfen sollen seine Alternativen zu sortieren und daraus zu wählen.

As a result of the technical progress, processes have to be adjusted. On the one hand, the digital transformation is absolutely necessary for every organization to operate efficient and sustainable, on the other hand whose accomplishment is a tremendous challenge. The huge amount of personal data, which accrue in this context, is an additional difficulty. Against the background of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), this thesis focuses on process management and ways of optimizing processes in a Human Resources Department. Beside the analysis of already existing structures and workflows, data management and especially the handling of personal data in an application process are examined. Both topics, the process management and the data protection are vitally important by itself, but it is necessary to implement the requirements of data protection within the appropriate position of a corresponding process. Relating to this, the thesis deals with the research question of what barriers may occur by a sustainable process integration and to which extend the GDPR prevent an unobstructed workflow within the Human Resources Department of the Handwerkskammer Koblenz. Additionally, answering the question of which subprocesses are convenient for a process automation is highly significant. In scope of these questions Business Process Management is the solution. By means of the graphical representation standard, Business Process Model and Notation, a process model with the relevant activities, documents and responsibilities of the recruitment process is designed. Based on a target-actual comparison it becomes apparent, that standardized process steps with less exceptions and a large amount of information are basically convenient for automation respectively partial automation. After the different phases of the recruitment process are documented in detail, a Workflow-Management-System can ex-port the transformed models, so the involved employees just have to carry out a task list with assigned exercises. Against the background of the data protection regulations, access rights and maturities can be determined. Subsequently only authorized employees have admission to the personal data of applicants. Because of impending sanctions by violation against the GDPR, the implementation of the relevant legal foundations within the recruitment process is necessary and appropriate. Relating to the defined research questions, it appears that in principle not every activity is appropriate for a process automation. Especially unpredictable and on a wide range of factors depending subprocesses are unsuitable. Additionally, media discontinuities and redundant data input are obstacles to an enduring process integration. Nevertheless, a coherent consideration of the topics of business process management and the data protection regulations is required.

This scientific paper deals with the question to which extend the increasing digitization has an impact on work-life balance. Answering this question is the main goal of this study. To reach this goal a literature review is made, in which it is possible to create a direct correlation between the subjective feel of work-life balance and the perceived stress level. With the help of Antonovsky’s salutogenesis model (1997) from the stress research field, factors are ascertained which determine the perceived stress level and linked with that the perceived work-life balance. These stress-influencing factors are examined through a qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2014) on a base of a problem-centered interview. The results suggest that the digitization has impact on all these ascertained factors and linked to them on the work-life balance. This shows, that the digitization influences us in almost every aspect of work or private life. Whether this impact is positive or negative towards the work life balance depends on the individual, that assesses this factor. Clear distinctions can be made between people working in an IT-based job and those that do not. In comparison, people with IT-based jobs perceive a substantial better impact of digitization on work-life balance.

Analyse der führenden Interessenverbände in der Eisenbahnbranche in Europa – Struktur, Ziele und Einflussnahme auf verkehrspolitische Maßnahmen

Digitalisation and further media development are core processes of the current digital age. In order for companies to benefit from technical progress, their employees must have or are expected to acquire the relevant skills. Companies therefore are faced with the task of not being overwhelmed with the mass of innovations and opportunities and, in the best-case scenario, of being able to use them to improve their own performance. Small and medium-sized enterprises represent 99% of all enterprises in Germany. Though, it has not been further established, how the majority of small enterprises and their employees participate in this development. The research question therefore consists of two parts. On the one hand: "Is the promotion of employees' skills taken care of in micro-enterprises?" and on the other hand: "Where are the opportunities and challenges for companies of this size?” In order to answer the research question, a qualitative research method was used, the guideline-based interview. The interviewed companies were all in the media and IT sector. Thus, the recorded and transcribed data provided a real insight into the current situation in micro-enterprises. The responses to the interviews showed that companies with very small numbers of employees are more dependent on their employees than others. So, the commitment of the employees is decisive for the success of the company itself. It is the management's task to promote this and ensure employee satisfaction. Companies that pay more attention to employee development are therefore more recommendable for career starters who need and/or want to develop themselves and their entire horizon of experience.

Im Rahmen der Masterarbeit wird die kompetenzgestützte Weiterbildungssuche analysiert und am Beispiel des Weiterbildungsvergleichsportales EDUfittery dargestellt. Die Umsetzung und Integration eines Kompetenzmessverfahrens in ein Vergleichsportal für Weiterbildungen war das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Des Weiteren sollte anhand des Kompetenzmessverfahrens ein sogenanntes „Matching“ zwischen Kompetenz und Weiterbildung erarbeitet werden. Beim „Matching“ werden dementsprechend die vom Kunden eingegebenen Kompetenzen mit passenden Weiterbildungsvorschlägen verbunden. Somit wird ein individuelles Kundenerlebnis in der Weiterbildungssuche erreicht. Um dies zu ermöglichen, wird zu Beginn der Arbeit ein theoretisches Kompetenzschema analysiert, sodass Aussagen über Erhebungsverfahren und Auswertungsstrategien getroffen werden können, um diese, besonders in Bezug auf ein web-gestütztes Messinstrument, kritisch zu hinterfragen. Aufbauend auf der Analyse verschiedener Kompetenzmessverfahren im Online-Segment, kann gezeigt werden, dass die Kompetenzdiagnostik zwar einige Verfahren zur Verfügung stellt, doch nur wenige sind praktikabel und in der Lage tätigkeitsbezogene Handlungskompetenzen zu bewerten. Folglich wurde das Instrument der Selbsteinschätzung von Kompetenzen als am besten zutreffendes Verfahren für EDUfittery gewählt. Im Zuge der Arbeit wurden zwei Online-Umfragen und ein Experteninterview durchgeführt. Dabei wurden zum einen Mitarbeiter, als auch Personaler in Bezug auf Weiterbildungen befragt. Als Experte konnte Herr Korn, von der IHK Akademie Koblenz gewonnen werden. Anhand der Umfrageergebnisse und weiterer Recherchen konnte ein umfangreicher Business Case für EDUfittery angefertigt und mit Prozessdiagrammen veranschaulicht werden. Es wird ersichtlich, dass das Thema Kompetenzanalysen in Unternehmen bisher kaum Anwendung findet. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der aktuellen Marktsituation wird zusätzlich klar, dass es derzeitig noch keine Plattform gibt, die Kompetenzen mit Weiterbildungen erfolgreich in Zusammenhang bringt, um dem Kunden individuelle Weiterbildungslösungen anbieten zu können. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit kann demnach festgehalten werden, dass eine Integration von Kompetenzanalysen im Bereich Weiterbildungssuche durchaus sinnvoll ist. EDUfittery könnte sich bei erfolgreicher Umsetzung als hilfreiches Tool im Bereich Weiterbildung und Kompetenz etablieren und somit Unternehmen grundlegend bei der Abbildung, Analyse und Weiterentwicklung von Kompetenzen unterstützen.

Emotions in the digital world gain more and more importance by the accelerating digitalization of recent years. In everyday life as well as professional and educational environments, the use of media is almost inescapable. This work takes a closer look to the still relatively unknown topic, “Digital Happiness“. In the literature emotions in the digital world are studied increasingly, but concerning the topic of “Digital Happiness” there are not many insights. In this research the differences between communicating emotions through digital media and face-to-face communications, as well as their impacts, are investigated. The perception and expression of emotions in the real and digital world are considered. Furthermore, a first definition of “Digital Happiness” and a model with the associated determinants that influence “Digital Happiness” is developed. To achieve these goals, a literature analysis by the method of Webster & Watson (2002) is performed. Therefore, 15 articles are selected and analyzed in more detail to illustrate the current state of research. These articles are organized into a concept matrix. In addition, special phenomena, such as Quantified Self, are closely considered in order to determine other factors. Based on the literature analysis, a qualitative study by the method of Mayring (2014) is performed. It is developed into an interview guideline that serves as the basis for the investigation of the established determinants of the literature analysis. This is confirmed or refuted by 30 interviews with users of information and communication technologies. With the help of the interviews, a large part of the determinants in the literature can be confirmed. Moreover, some new determinants are identified. These results are included into the final model. This model provides a basis for further research in the field of “Digital Happiness“. Finally, different implications for research and practice are found, which reveal the need of further research.

Die Reputation von Unternehmen ist einer zunehmenden Gefahr ausgesetzt, die sich aus der (unreflektierten) Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke durch die eigenen Mitarbeiter ergibt. Die Treiber und Hemmnisse eines solchen Nutzerverhaltens von Arbeitnehmern in sozialen Netzwerken wurden bislang nur unzureichend erforscht. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht unter Verwendung der Boundary Theorie am Beispiel der Plattform Facebook, inwieweit die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Neurotizismus und Extraversion, die Organisationsidentifikation und die Unternehmensreputation ein zustimmendes Verhalten von Nutzern begünstigen. Eine experimentelle Online-Studie mit 494 Probanden zeigt, dass insbesondere eine hohe Unternehmensreputation und Organisationsidentifikation zu einem erhöhten zustimmenden Verhalten führen.

The subject of this thesis was to analyse the involvement of classical creativity techniques and IT tools in different phases of the innovation process. In addition, the present work deals with the integration of Design Thinking and TRIZ into the innovation process. The aim was to define a specific innovation process based on diverse existing Innovation process models from the literature. This specific innovation process should serve as a basis for the analysis of integration of creativity techniques, IT tools, Design Thinking and TRIZ. Summarizing it can be said that the application of creativity techniques and IT Tools is admissible and useful in every phase of the innovation process. In this work it was shown that the design thinking method can be integrated in the early stages of the innovation process. Also, the process model of TRIZ, which differs from traditional innovation processes, can be combined with classical innovation processes.

The subject of this Bachelor Thesis is the research of decision-making in consideration of personal characteristics. One part of this thesis should analyze the uncertainty and the risk of decision-making and explain which differences a decision-maker is faced with. The other part should compare different groups of people and point out that these groups are faced with different problems in their decision making process. The differences in these groups are based on demographical and personal characteristics, such as the type of profession or the level of knowledge. The conclusion of this paper is to assign different types of heuristics, logics, theories and other decision-supporting tools to the different groups of people.

In this thesis, the methods of a feasibility study are applied to analyze whether or not the foundation of an academic based startup focusing on IT-consulting is possible. For this purpose the concept of consulting, the demand for the offering of consulting services as well as the relevant market are analyzed. Furthermore, empirical research through face-to-face interviews with IT-companies located in the region of Koblenz is utilized in order to gain further insight about the feasibility of said business venture. The result of the research is to be presented in a concrete recommendation for further actions.

A guideline for the examination of business models is developed in this research project and M.Sc. study, focusing on young, innovative enterprises ("start-ups"). Start-ups often start to operate in uncertainty and tentativeness. To forecast the success of such an enterprise is therefore today hardly possible by means of quantitative data. The evaluation of innovative business models ("Business Model Check") today is a gap in Business Administration and Management studies.

This scientific paper identifies and describes the incentives for the utilization of knowledge for universities and small and medium-sized companies. In addition, different models " for example the Knott/Wildavsky model " are continuously adapted, created and expanded, which leads to an new integrative model. The main problem is that companies have to integrate knowledge from external sources into their operations. According to the literature, this model of open innovation is considered as inevitable in order to remain competitive. This is especially the case for small and medium-sized companies. The reasons for this are illustrated as the possibilities of a successful collaboration. Germany has a relativley high involvement in knowledge and technology transfer in international comparison. Nevertheless, a number of companies assume their insitution won´t benefit from knowledge utilization. The literature review revealed that there is no existing model, which combines the stages of knowledge utilization with the incentives of universities and companies. This paper closes the identified gap through the created integrative model. The formulated incentive factors can help universities and companies recognizing if a cooperated research is beneficial or not. At the beginning the basic theoretical foundations are defined based on the literature review, followed by a description of the incentive factors of knowledge exploitation. On the one hand there is a distinction between tangible and intangible incentives. On the other hand there is a segmentation of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Both are important regarding to the motivation of employees and scientists. In the end, a knowledge utilization model is presented and adapted to the present case, before proceeding with the extension of the model providing an additional perspective and adding the incentive factors. By the procedure described an integrative model is created. It can be useful to all affected people, universities and their scientists as well as small and medium-sized companies and their employees.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Datenmodell für Shared Annotations vorgestellt. Basierend auf einem bereits existierenden Datenmodell für Annotationen, wird dieses erweitert um die Möglichkeit der Modellierung von Shared Annotations. Daraufhin werden Funktionen von Shared Annotations erläutert, die über das neue Annotationsmodell möglich sind.

Innovation can help a forward-looking company to rise up very quickly, furthermore, innovative products and services bring a company to a stage where it can win new segments of customers and be ahead of the competition. For their innovation process, the companies can distinguish between open and closed innovation. In this case, we will focus on open innovation and how companies share their innovation processes for the benefit of the company. They use information and innovation systems to define their innovation process, as well as, track innovative ideas and the phase of their development. There are always pros and cons when it comes to open innovation processes in an organization. We will try to look at certain examples in the business world to illustrate how good or bad an open innovation process can be for a company. In this Bachelor thesis, we will try to point out the essential criteria for an open innovation process and illustrate companies which have used open innovation processes. In some cases it went successfully and for some companies it went unsuccessfully.

Neue Technologien und Innovationen stellen heutzutage wichtige Schlüsselelemente der Wachstums und Erfolgssicherung von Unternehmen dar. Durch einen in Geschwindigkeit und Intensität immer schneller zunehmenden Wettbewerb nehmen Innovationen eine immer zentralere Rolle im Praxisalltag von Unternehmen ein. Dieser technische Fortschritt treibt auch in der Wissenschaft das Thema des Innovationsmanagements in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer stärker voran und wird dort ausgiebig diskutiert. Die Bedeutung von Innovationen wächst dabei ebenfalls aus der Sicht der Kunden, welche heutzutage viel differenzierter als früher Produkte und Dienste nachfragen und somit Unternehmen vor neue Herausforderungen stellen. Überdies stellen Innovationen heute ein entscheidendes Bindeglied zwischen Marktorientierung und erhofften Unternehmenserfolg dar. Seit einigen Jahren lässt sich eine Öffnung der Unternehmensgrenzen für externe Quellen wie Kunden, Zulieferer, Universitäten oder teilweise auch Mitbewerber erkennen. Diese Thematik wird innerhalb der betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung unter dem Begriff Open Innovation diskutiert. Das Paradigma eines innerbetrieblichen, geschlossenen Forschungsund Entwicklungsbetriebs wird darin zugunsten eines gemeinsamen, kollaborativen Prozesses zwischen Unternehmen und den oben erwähnten verschiedenen Partnern aufgelöst. Diese Öffnung des unternehmensinternen Innovationsprozesses erforscht die Wissenschaft insbesondere in Bezug auf die frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung mit der Fragestellung, inwieweit kollaborative Prozesse den Ideenreichtum und dadurch die Innovationskraft eines Unternehmens erhöhen können. Zahlreiche Fallstudien sind in denletzten Jahren entstanden, welche sich dem Thema Open Innovation angenommen haben. Zumeist wurden dabei einzelne Unternehmen bei der Einführung der "Lead User" Methodik begleitet, an dessen Ende oft wertvolle Ideen für die entsprechenden Unternehmen generiert werden konnten. In den späten Phasen der Produktentwicklung ist eine entsprechende Kundenfokussierung durch die Möglichkeiten der Produktindividualisierung vergleichbar erforscht, wie es sich durch die umfassende Forschung hinsichtlich einer Produktindividualisierung zeigt. Trotz dieser Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Potenziale von offenen Innovationsprozessen nutzen viele Unternehmen das Wissen ihrer Kunden unzureichend. Dies erscheint zunächst unverständlich, da die Forschung aufzeigt, dass die Kundeneinbindung als eine vielversprechende Ressource für erfolgreiche Innovationen dienen kann. Die Managementforschung beschäftigt sich dennoch erst in den letzten Jahren verstärkt mit geöffneten Innovationsprozessen " eine Ausnahme stellen dabei jedoch die frühen Arbeiten von Hippel- dar. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse gehen davon aus, dass eine Einbindung des Kunden besonders in den vorderen und hinteren Phasen des Innovationsprozesses stattfindet. Die Motivation dieser Arbeit liegt nun darin, konkrete Maßnahmen entlang des gesamten Innovationsprozesses zu identifizieren und diese auf ihre Anwendbarkeit hin zu prüfen. Gegenstand der Betrachtungen ist die technologische Innovation Internetprotokoll basiertes Fernsehen (IPTV), welches klassische unidirektionale Informationsangebote " analog zu den Entwicklungen des Internets " zu bidirektional nutzbaren Angeboten ausweitet.

The impact of innovation in order to secure a company- existence is increasing. Especially in the field of information and communication systems, modified conditions, reduced product life cycles (in some markets e.g. in the software market down to a few months), and increased competition force many companies to adapt their innovation speed. Long-term profit will just be obtained by those companies that will manage to consolidate or further to enlarge their competitive position with technological innovation. The increasing relevance of new developments requires a separate treatment of technological innovations and demands for a technology and innovation management. Not every innovation is thereby a result of a single, spontaneous idea. Many innovations evolve from the integration or combination of already existing technologies. Especially in markets with insignificant growing rates, this kind of innovation is quite important. The purpose of this article is a case-oriented identification of existing deficiencies within established recommendations for a strategic technology and innovation management and the discussion about the role of modularity and technology integration as an alternative way to innovate.