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- Computersimulation (11) (remove)
In this work has been examined, how the existing model of the simulation of cables and hoses can be advanced. Therefore an investigation has been made on the main influences to the shape simulation and the factors of constraints and side conditions were analyzed. For the validation of the accuracy, the simulation has to be compared to real specimen behavior. To obtain a very precise digitalization of the shape, the choice was made to use a laser scanner that converts the pointcloud into a .vrml file which can be imported into the simulation environment. The assumption was that the simulation method itself has the highest impact to the simulated shape. This is why the capabilities of the most sophisticated methods have been analyzed. The main criterion for the success of a simulation approach proved not to be accuracy, as expected. Process integration and usability showed to be of higher interest for the efficient exertion. Other factors like the pricing, the functionality and the real-time capability were assayed as well. The analyzed methods are based on the solution of the equations of elasticity with different ways of discetization, finite-elements and a spring-impulse-system. Since the finite-element-system takes several minutes for the computation of the shape and the spring-impulse-system reacts retarded on user manipulation, the competitiveness of these approaches is low. The other methods distinguish more in real-time performance, data interfaces and functionality than in accuracy. For the accuracy of a system, the consideration of other factors proved to be very important. As one of these main factors, the accurate assignment of the material properties was indicated. Until the start of this work, only the finite-element-approach dealt with this factor, but no documentation or validation is provided. In the publications of the other methods, the material properties are estimated to obtain a plausible simulation shape. Therefore the specific material values of real specimen have been measured and assigned to the simulation. With the comparison to the real shape it has been proven that the accuracy is very high with the measured properties. Since these measurements are very costly and time consuming, an investigation on a faster and cheaper way to obtain these values has been made. It has been assumed that with the knowledge of the cross-section it should be possible to compute the specimen behavior. Since the braid distribution changes individually from specimen to specimen, a more general way to obtain the values needed to be found. The program composer has been developed, where only the number of the different braids and the taping is entered. It computes with very high precision the stiffness, the density and the final diameter of the bundle. With the measured values and the fitting to the real shape it has been proven that the simulation approach reflects the precise behavior of cables and hoses. Since the stiffness of the single braids is wasteful to measure, a measurement setup was created where the stiffness has a large impact to the shape. With known density, the stiffness of the specimen can be reconstructed precisely. Thus a fast and beneficial way of obtaining the stiffness of a cable has been invented. The poissons ratio of cables and bundles cannot be measured with a tensile test, since the inner structure is very complex. For hoses, the variation of the inner diameter has been measured during the tensile test as well. The resulting values were reasonable, but their accuracy could not be proven. For cables and hoses, it has been tried to obtain the poissons ratio via the computation of the cross section, but the influence of individual changes and the crosstalk of the braids is very high. Therefore a setup was constructed where the torsion stiffness can be measured. For cables and hoses, the individual cross-sections and taping lead to varying results. For hoses, expected and repeatable good values for the poissons ratio were obtained. The low influence of the poisons ratio in the range between 0 and 0.5 has been proven. Therefore we decided to follow the advice of [Old06] and our own experiences to set the poisons ratio for cables and bundles to 0.25. With the knowledge of the measurability and the capabilities of the developed program composer, a procedure to obtain material properties for bundles has been designed. 1. Measurement of the braid density with via pyknometer or mass, length and diameter. 2. Empirical reconstruction of the stiffness with the designed setup. 3. Composing the bundle with the program composer. 4. Adding a factor for the taping and transfer the values to the simulation. The model of the cable simulation has been improved as follows: The main influences in the simulation of cables and hoses are the simulation method, the material properties and the geometric constraints. To obtain higher accuracy, an investigation on the correct material properties is indispensable. The scientific determination of material properties for the simulation of cables, bundles and hoses has been performed for the first time. The influence of geometrical constraints has been analyzed and documented. The next steps are the analysis of pre-deformation and further investigations to the determination of the poisons ratio with a more precise torsion test. All analysis were made with the simulation approach fleXengine. A comparison to other simulation methods would be of high interest.
The high cost of routing infrastructure makes checking theories about larger nets a very difficult and expensive task. One possible approach to fight this problem is the use of virtual instead of physical infrastructure. OPNet- IT Guru software is a suite designed to simulate large nets and present relevant information. This allows validating extensive changes before actually implementing them on a productive network or testing theories without the overhead of a physical infrastructure.
In this thesis, a computer simulation model created in the early 1960s by Robert P. Abelson and Alex Bernstein is examined. The simulation described was built to reflect processes involved in formation of a public opinion within a population taking into account direct communication as well as communication mediated through mass media. After describing and thoroughly analyzing the available description of the simulation model this thesis produces the implementation of a running software simulation system implementing this model. The software is developed and described using common computer science procedures and finally examined for its properties during different tests.
Das in der Arbeitsgruppe Echtzeitsysteme im Projekt EZlenk entwickelte optische Lenkassistenzsystem zur Unterstützung der Rückwärtsfahrt von Fahrzeugen mit Anhänger soll im Rahmen dieser Studienarbeit auf seine Alltagstauglichkeit getestet werden. Ferner wurden die Implementierungen des Lenkassistenzsystems auf einem Fahrsimulator und einer PC-Version von Probanden evaluiert. Hierbei sollen mithilfe von Berufskraftfahrern, Fahrlehrern und Laien Schwachstellen, Stärken, genereller Nutzen, eventuelle Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten, Realitätsnähe und Auwirkungen auf den Fahrer bzw. Benutzer sowohl im Fahrsimulator als auch in der PC-Version herausgefunden werden unter Zugrundelegung der anerkannten Kriterien Effizienz, Effektivität und Zufriedenheit. Außerdem werden beide Implementierungsarten des Simulators sowohl mit als auch ohne Berücksichtigung des Lenkassistenzsystems im Hinblick auf die Alltagstauglichkeit für die Kraftfahrerausbildung in Fahrschulen diskutiert.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die erweiterte Modellierung des Rettungsroboters "Robbie" in der USARSim Simulationsumbegung. Es soll zusätzlich zu den bestehenden Sonarsensoren und dem Laserscanner, ein Wärmesensor angebunden werden, der Wärmebilder an die entsprechenden Robbie-Module liefert. Der bisherige 2D Laserscanner ist so zu modifizieren, dass er 3D Laserdaten erzeugt und an die Robbie-Software weiterleitet. Um die Simulation möglichst Wirklichkeitsgetreu zu gestalten, sind realitätsnahe, verrauschte Daten zu erzeugen. Ferner soll die Effizienz der Simulation getestet werden. Dazu ist mittels einer Evaluation zu untersuchen, wie das Verhalten des simulierten Roboters, im Bezug zum realen Verhalten des Roboters steht. Ein weiteres, größeres Problem stellt die Bereitstellung von Stereobildern aus der Simulationsumgebung dar. Ein spezieller Kameraserver soll installiert und in Betrieb genommen werden. Die Umwandlung der so erzeugten Bilder, in ein geeignetes Format, und deren Weiterleitung an die Robbie-GUI, ist ebenfalls zu implementieren.
Abstract For a significant length of time, computer simulation programs have been the preferred tools of sociologists to analyse " thus confirm or refute " sociological theories, scenarios, presumptions and assumptions. Many different simulation platforms for various domains exist. The EmIL project aims to create a new simulation platform specifically to analyse norm emergence. This platform is divided into sections, thereby allowing the analysis of individual norm emergence: this is not currently possible, thus EmIL-S may represent a significant improvement over current simulation platforms. This diploma thesis describes the concepts behind the project and provides a prototype for the simulation program EmIL-S. The creation of the prototype and the underlying development process are described in detail. The experience gained during this process is analysed and described. In the course of this analysis, the malfunctions and errors within EmIL-S are explained; the solutions to these malfunctions and errors are noted, along with other proposed improvements. This diploma thesis can also be used as a helpful manual to build simulations within the simulation platform.
Degenerative changes in the spine as well as back pain can be considered a common ailment. Incorrect loading of the lumbar spine structures is often considered as one of the factors that can accelerate degenerative processes, leading to back pain. For example, a degenerative change could be the occurrence of spinal stenosis following spondylolisthesis. Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis mainly focuses on decompressing the spinal canal with or without additional fusion through dorsal spondylodesis. There are differing opinions on whether fusion along with decompression provides potential benefits to patients or represents an overtreatment. Both conventional therapies and surgical methods aim to restore a “healthy” (or at least pain-free) distribution of load. Surprisingly little is known about the interindividual variability of load distribution in “healthy” lumbar spines. Since medical imaging does not provide information on internal forces, computer simulation of individual patients could be a tool to gain a set of new decision criteria for these cases. The advantage lies in calculating the internal load distribution, which is not feasible in in-vivo studies, as measurements of internal forces in living subjects are ethically and partially technically unfeasible. In the present research, the forward dynamic approach is used to calculate load distribution in multi-body models of individual lumbar spines. The work is structured into three parts: (I) Load distribution is quantified depending on the individual curvature of the lumbar spine. (II) Confidence intervals of the instantaneous center of rotation over time are determined, with which the motion behavior of healthy lumbar spines can be described. (III) Lastly, the effects of decompression surgeries on the load distribution of lumbar spines are determined.
Diese Diplomarbeit analysiert die Voraussetzungen für eine Simulation mit Normen, schlägt einen Coderahmen vor und stellt ein Modellierungs- und Codegenerierungs-Plugin für Eclipse, das auf einem Metamodell für Multi-Agenten-Simulationen basiert, zur Verfügung. Mit Hilfe des Plugins werden zwei Beispiele, die Normen aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln betrachten, implementiert und diskutiert. Das erste ist das Kirk-Coleman-Modell, welches sich mit dem Verhalten von Menschen in einer 3-Personen-Gruppe beschäftigt. Das zweite Modell beinhaltet den fördernden Effekt von Sanktionierung auf Kooperation. Abschließend werden die erarbeiteten Lösungsansätze und Alternativen diskutiert und Vorschläge für das EU-Projekt "Emergence in the Loop" (EMIL) abgeleitet.
Ziel dieser Studienarbeit ist es, eine physikalisch korrekte Billardsimulation zu entwickeln. Priorität liegt hier in der Entwicklung einer Physik-Engine, damit das Spielgefühl eines echten Billardspiels möglichst realistisch auf den Bildschirm übertragen werden kann. Hierzu gehören u.a. die Wechselwirkungen der sich bewegenden Kugeln untereinander sowie die Umsetzung von Effet (das dezentrale Anspielen der Kugel, um die Laufrichtung zu beeinflussen). Des weiteren wird eine möglichst intuitive Steuerung implementiert, die sowohl eine Rotierung um den Tisch bzw. um eine Kugel als auch einfaches Zoomen, die Festlegung des Anspielpunktes auf der weißen Kugel, den Neigungswinkel des Queues und eine Regulierung der Stoßkraft ermöglicht. Außerdem wird eine möglichst maßstabsgetreue Modellierung eines Billardtisches, des Queues und der Kugeln sowie eine passende Texturierung benötigt. Bei den verschiedenen Kollisionen (Queue - Kugel, Kugel - Kugel, Kugel - Bande, einlochen) sollen außerdem passende Soundeffekte eingebaut werden. Das Spiel soll neben einem einfachen Trainingsmodus auch die verschiedenen Spielarten des klassischen Pool-Billards unterstützen, also selbstständig Punkte zählen, Fouls berücksichtigen, Spielerwechsel ankündigen und schließlich auch den Sieger bekannt geben.
Entwicklung eines Regelungsverfahrens zur Pfadverfolgung für ein Modellfahrzeug mit Sattelanhänger
(2009)
Besides the progressive automation of internal goods traffic, there is an important area that should also be considered. This area is the carriage of goods in selected external areas. The use of driverless trucks in logistic centers can report economic efficiency. In particular, these precise control procedures require that trucks drive on predetermined paths. The general aim of this work is the adaption and evaluation of a path following control method for articulated vehicles. The differences in the kinematic behavior between trucks with one-axle trailer and semi-trailer vehicles will be emphasized. Additionally, the characteristic kinematic properties of semi-trailers for the adaptation of a control procedure will be considered. This control procedure was initially designed for trucks with one-axle trailer. It must work in forwards and backwards movements. This control process will be integrated as a closed component on the control software of the model vehicle. Thus, the geometry of the model vehicle will be specified, and the possible special cases of the control process will be discovered. The work also documents the most relevant software components of the implemented control process.