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With the appearance of modern virtual reality (VR) headsets on the consumer market, there has been the biggest boom in the history of VR technology. Naturally, this was accompanied by an increasing focus on the problems of current VR hardware. Especially the control in VR has always been a complex topic.
One possible solution is the Leap Motion, a hand tracking device that was initially developed for desktop use, but with the last major software update it can be attached to standard VR headsets. This device allows very precise tracking of the user’s hands and fingers and their replication in the virtual world.
The aim of this work is to design virtual user interfaces that can be operated with the Leap Motion to provide a natural method of interaction between the user and the VR environment. After that, subject tests are performed to evaluate their performance and compare them to traditional VR controllers.
The present thesis gives an overview of the general conditions for the programming of graphics cards. For this purpose, the most important Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) available on the market are presented and compared. Subsequently, two standard algorithms from the field data processing, prefix sum and radixsort are presented and examined with regard to the implementation with parallel programming on the GPU. Both algorithms were implemented using the OpenGL-API and OpenGL compute shaders. Finally, the execution times of the two algorithms were compared.
To meet the growing demands in the automotive industry, car manufacturers constantly reduce the depth of production and shift value-adding processes to the suppliers. This requires that companies work together more closely and promotes the creation of complex logistics networks. To meet the requirements for information exchange, a consortium of automobile manufacturers launched the project RFID-based Automotive Network (RAN) in 2009. The initiative aims at creating a standardized architecture for efficient material flow management along the entire supply chain. Core component of this architecture is the Informationbroker, an information unit which automatically communicates data which is captured via Auto-ID technology to supply chain participants. The thesis focuses in cooperation with the IBS AG, a software company and consortium partner in the project, on the exchange of goods data.
At first, theoretical foundations are presented by describing the characteristics of a supply chain and explaining standardization efforts and related processes. The chapter on the supply chain focuses on trends in the automotive industry to create a link to the project. The topic of standardization provides in-depth information on electronic data exchange standards in order to additionally create a transition to the Informationbroker concept. In the analytical part, reference projects will be presented with a similar problem and set in relation to RAN. According to project documents, system requirements will be defined and models will be created in order to illustrate the problem. Rich Pictures are used to describe the basis and target state.
Based on these models, the flow of goods related data is depicted between two companies and the role of the Informationbroker for the information exchange is clarified. The thesis aims at establishing an understanding of the challenges of the project and how the proposed concepts of the initiative can lead to an optimization of an automotive supply chain.
The estimation of various social objects is necessary in different fields of social life, science, education, etc. This estimation is usually used for forecasting, for evaluating of different properties and for other goals in complex man-machine systems. At present this estimation is possible by means of computer and mathematical simulation methods which is connected with significant difficulties, such as: - time-distributed process of receiving information about the object; - determination of a corresponding mathematical device and structure identification of the mathematical model; - approximation of the mathematical model to real data, generalization and parametric identification of the mathematical model; - identification of the structure of the links of the real social object. The solution of these problems is impossible without a special intellectual information system which combines different processes and allows predicting the behaviour of such an object. However, most existing information systems lead to the solution of only one special problem. From this point of view the development of a more general technology of designing such systems is very important. The technology of intellectual information system development for estimation and forecasting the professional ability of respondents in the sphere of education can be a concrete example of such a technology. Job orientation is necessary and topical in present economic conditions. It helps tornsolve the problem of expediency of investments to a certain sphere of education. Scientifically validated combined diagnostic methods of job orientation are necessary to carry out professional selection in higher education establishments. The requirements of a modern society are growing, with the earlier developed techniques being unable to correspond to them sufficiently. All these techniques lack an opportunity to account all necessary professional and personal characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system of various tests. Thus, the development of new methods of job orientation for entrants is necessary. The information model of the process of job orientation is necessary for this purpose. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an information system capable of giving recommendations concerning the choice of a trade on the basis of complex personal characteristics of entrants.
Die vorliegende Arbeit betrachtet den Einfluss von Wald- und Wirtschaftswegen auf Abflussentstehung und Bodenerosionsraten innerhalb eines bewaldeten Einzugsgebiets im Naturschutzgebiet Laacher See. Hierfür wurden sowohl bestehende Erosions- und Akkumulationsformen im Gelände kartiert, als auch Erosionssimulationen mittels einer Kleinberegnungsanlage durchgeführt. Zuletzt erfolgte eine Modellierung des Erosionspotentials auf Grundlage der Simulationsergebnisse.
Die Analyse bestehender Erosions- und Akkumulationsformen im Gelände gab einen Hinweis auf Bodenerosionsraten von Wegoberflächen, die zwischen 27,3 und 93,5 t ha-1 a-1 und somit in derselben Größenordnung wie Erosionsraten unter intensiver ackerbaulicher Nutzung lagen.
Die Simulationsläufe zeigten, dass persistente Waldwege ein deutlich verändertes Infiltrationsverhalten aufwiesen. Auf natürlichen Waldböden lag der Anteil des infiltrierten Niederschlags bei durchschnittlich 96%. Im Falle von Waldwegen nahm dieser Anteil im Mittel auf 14% bis 7% ab. Besonders auffällig waren die Ergebnisse auf Rückegassen, auf denen ein erheblicher Einfluss der Bodenverdichtung durch Befahrung nachgewiesen werden konnte. Hier sank der Anteil des infiltrierten Niederschlags auf 31% in den Fahrspuren, zwischen den Spuren wurden noch 76 % infiltriert.
Während der Simulationsläufe konnten maximale Sedimentmengen von 446 g m-2 erodiert werden, was einer mittleren Bodenerosionsrate von 4,96 g m-2 min-1 entspricht. Diese hohen Abtragsraten wurden auf persistenten Wegen mit geringer Befestigung gemessen. Rückegassen wiesen die geringsten Abtragswerte auf, maximal konnten 37 g m-2 erodiert werden, gleichbedeutend mit einer Abtragsrate von 0,41 g m-2 min-1. Die erodierten Sedimentmengen betrugen im Mittel bei Wegen 167 bis 319 g m-2 und im Falle von Rückegassen 17 g m-2. Anhand von Vergleichsmessungen auf Waldstandorten, bei denen ein mittlerer Bodenabtrag von ca. 5 g m-2 festgestellt wurde, konnte eine erhöhte Erodierbarkeit für jedwede Form der Weganlage bestätigt werden.
Auf Basis der im Gelände gemessenen Abtragsraten wurden die Modellierungen kalibriert. Die Ergebnisse der ABAG / DIN 19708 zeigten für das betrachtete Untersuchungsgebiet eine mittlere jährliche Bodenerosionsgefährdung von 2,4 - 5,8 t ha-1 a-1 für persistente Wege und von 0,5 t ha-1 a-1 für Rückegassen. Im Vergleich zum Mittelwert weitgehend unbeeinflusster Waldflächen im Untersuchungsgebiet von 0,1 t ha-1 a-1 zeigte sich abermals ein erhöhtes Abtragspotential. Die physikalisch basierte Modellierung der Beregnungsversuche mittels WEPP zeigte ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis bei der Einschätzung des Abflussverhaltens, so wurden für persistente Wege nur Abweichungen von maximal -5% festgestellt. Die Abflussmodellierung auf Rückegassen sowie die generelle Modellierung der Bodenerosion während der Beregnungsversuche zeigte sich im Kontrast hierzu noch fehlerbehaftet, was ursächlich mit der für ein physikalisches Modell relativ geringen Eingangsdatentiefe zu begründen ist.
Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass Waldwege einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf den Wasserhaushalt und das Bodenerosionsgeschehen haben. Der Rückhalt von Niederschlägen wird gemindert und es kommt zu intensivierten Bodenerosionsprozessen. Schlecht befestigte Wege zeigten einen stark erhöhten Bodenabtrag, der zu ökologischen Folgeschäden führen kann. Der Abtrag kann ebenso zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Befahrbarkeit führen. Anhand der Folgen lässt sich die Relevanz der Betrachtung von Abfluss- und Bodenerosionsprozessen auf Wald- und Wirtschaftswegen deutlich machen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die erste Studie dar, innerhalb derer Abfluss- und Bodenerosionspozesse für Walderschließungsnetzwerke in Mitteleuropa untersucht wurden.
Innovation can help a forward-looking company to rise up very quickly, furthermore, innovative products and services bring a company to a stage where it can win new segments of customers and be ahead of the competition. For their innovation process, the companies can distinguish between open and closed innovation. In this case, we will focus on open innovation and how companies share their innovation processes for the benefit of the company. They use information and innovation systems to define their innovation process, as well as, track innovative ideas and the phase of their development. There are always pros and cons when it comes to open innovation processes in an organization. We will try to look at certain examples in the business world to illustrate how good or bad an open innovation process can be for a company. In this Bachelor thesis, we will try to point out the essential criteria for an open innovation process and illustrate companies which have used open innovation processes. In some cases it went successfully and for some companies it went unsuccessfully.
In this work, some network protocols with Wireshark Protokollanalyser should be observed and described the deal with them. Wireshark is an offshoot of "Ethereal", one of the most popular protocol analyzer. Wireshark analysis network traffic, draws on it and make it clear . For the simulation of the network is used VNUML. Since VNUML can only be used under Linux, andLinux is running as a virtual machine in between to work in Windows to be able to.
While the 1960s and 1970s still knew permanent education (Council of Europe), recurrent education (OECD) and lifelong education (UNESCO), over the past 20 years, lifelong learning has become the single emblem for reforms in (pre-) primary, higher and adult education systems and international debates on education. Both highly industrialized and less industrialized countries embrace the concept as a response to the most diverse economic, social and demographic challenges - in many cases motivated by international organizations (IOs).
Yet, literature on the nature of this influence, the diffusion of the concept among IOs and their understanding of it is scant and usually focuses on a small set of actors. Based on longitudinal data and a large set of education documents, the work identifies rapid diffusion of the concept across a heterogeneous, expansive and dynamic international field of 88 IOs in the period 1990-2013, which is difficult to explain with functionalist accounts.
Based on the premises of world polity theory, this paper argues that what diffuses resembles less the bundle of systemic reforms usually associated with the concept in the literature and more a surprisingly detailed model of a new actor " the lifelong learner.