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Forwarding loops
(2013)
Ein Werkzeug zur schnellen Erstellung individueller Schriftarten für die jeweiligen akuten Bedürfnisse wäre ein hilfreiches Instrument für Grafiker und Typographen. Die Anforderung für ein solches Instrument kann kaum sein, gute Schriftsätze zu erzeugen, dies liegt in den Händen des Gestalters, jedoch sollte sie jedem, der sich mit dem Thema befassen möchte, einen leichten Einstieg in die Gestaltung geben. Diese Arbeit versucht somit eine möglichst simple Lösung für das komplexe Thema der Schriftgestaltung zu liefern.
The annotation of digital media is no new area of research, instead it is widely investigated. There are many innovative ideas for creating the process of annotation. The most extensive segment of related work is about semi automatic annotation. One characteristic is common in the related work: None of them put the user in focus. If you want to build an interface, which is supporting and satsfying the user, you will have to do a user evaluation first. Whithin this thesis we want to analyze, which features an interface should or should not have to meet these requirements of support, user satisfaction and beeing intuitive. After collecting many ideas and arguing with a team of experts, we determined only a few of them. Different combination of these determined variables form the interfaces, we have to investigate in our usability study. The results of the usability leads to the assumption, that autocompletion and suggestion features supports the user. Furthermore coloring tags for grouping them into categories is not disturbing to the user, but has a tendency of being supportive. Same tendencies emerge for an interface consisting of two user interface elements. There is also an example given for the definition differences of being intuitive. This thesis leads to the concolusion that for reasons of user satisfaction and support it is allowed to differ from classical annotation interface features and to implement further usability studies in the section of annotation interfaces.
Das Lernen und Verstehen dynamischer Sachverhalte kann sowohl anhand von statischen Bildern als auch von Animationen erfolgen. Da die bisher vorliegenden Befunde keine eindeutige Überlegenheit der einen oder der anderen Repräsentationsform erkennen lassen, sind differenziertere Wirkungsanalysen erforderlich. Grundannahme der vorliegenden Dissertation war, dass beide Darstellungsformen unterschiedlich gut für den Aufbau dynamischer mentaler Modelle einerseits und den Aufbau dynamischer perzeptueller Repräsentationen andererseits geeignet sind. Es wurde erstens angenommen, dass dynamische mentale Modelle keine kontinuierlichen mentalen Simulationen ermöglichen, sondern aus einer Sequenz von diskreten prototypischen Prozess-Zuständen (sog. "key states") bestehen und deshalb besser anhand statischer Bilder dieser "key states" als anhand einer Animation konstruiert werden können. Zweitens wurde angenommen, dass perzeptuelle Repräsentationen dynamischer Sachverhalte aus dynamischen Schemata bestehen, die besser anhand einer Animation als anhand von statischen Bildern gebildet werden können. Als Indikator für die Qualität mentaler Modelle wurden Inferenzaufgaben verwendet, bei denen durch Manipulation dieser Modelle neue Informationen zu erschließen sind. Als Indikator für die Qualität dynamischer perzeptueller Repräsentationen wurden Leistungen bei der Kategorisierung von Bewegungsabläufen verwendet. Die erste Annahme wurde am Beispiel der synaptischen Informationsübertragung (nach einer Vorpilot- und Pilotstudie) in einer ersten Hauptstudie mit 61 Probanden überprüft.
Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Hypothese eher bei Probanden mit höherem Vorwissen als bei solchen mit niedrigerem Vorwissen zutrifft. Die zweite Annahme wurde am Beispiel des Erkennens der Gangart von Pferden (nach einer Pilotstudie) in einer zweiten Hauptstudie mit 52 Probanden überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten durchwegs Unterschiede in der erwarteten Richtung, die jedoch nicht oder nur marginal signifikant sind. Allerdings führten die Animationen zu einer hochsignifikant geringeren kognitiven Belastung als statische Bilder. Darüber hinaus zeigten sich signifikante Interaktionen mit den räumlichen Fähigkeiten: Probanden mit geringeren Fähigkeiten profitieren bei der Kategorisierung von Bewegungsabläufen bedeutsam mehr von Animationen als von statischen Bildern.
Autonomous systems such as robots already are part of our daily life. In contrast to these machines, humans an react appropriately to their counterparts. People can hear and interpret human speech, and interpret facial expressions of other people.
This thesis presents a system for automatic facial expression recognition with emotion mapping. The system is image-based and employs feature-based feature extraction. This thesis analyzes the common steps of an emotion recognition system and presents state-of-the-art methods. The approach presented is based on 2D features. These features are detected in the face. No neutral face is needed as reference. The system extracts two types of facial parameters. The first type consists of distances between the feature points. The second type comprises angles between lines connecting the feature points. Both types of parameters are implemented and tested. The parameters which provide the best results for expression recognition are used to compare the system with state-of-the-art approaches. A multiclass Support Vector Machine classifies the parameters.
The results are codes of Action Units of the Facial Action Coding System. These codes are mapped to a facial emotion. This thesis addresses the six basic emotions (happy, surprised, sad, fearful, angry, and disgusted) plus the neutral facial expression. The system presented is implemented in C++ and is provided with an interface to the Robot Operating System (ROS).
The Microsoft Kinect is currently polular in many application areas because ofrnthe cheap price and good precission. But controlling the cursor is unapplicablerndue to jitter in the skeletton data. My approach will try to stabilisize the cursor position with common techniques from image processing. The input therefore will be the Kinect color camera. A final position will be calculated using the different positions of the tracking techniques. For controlling the cursor the right hand should be tracked. A simple click gesture will also be developed. The evaluation will show if this approach was succesfull.
This paper originates from the FP6 project "Emergence in the Loop (EMIL)" which explores the emergence of norms in artificial societies. Part of work package 3 of this project is a simulator that allows for simulation experiments in different scenarios, one of which is collaborative writing. The agents in this still prototypical implementation are able to perform certain actions, such as writing short texts, submitting them to a central collection of texts (the "encyclopaedia") or adding their texts to texts formerly prepared by other agents. At the same time they are able to comment upon others' texts, for instance checking for correct spelling, for double entries in the encyclopaedia or for plagiarisms. Findings of this kind lead to reproaching the original authors of blamable texts. Under certain conditions blamable activities are no longer performed after some time.
Today you can find smartphones everywhere. This situation created a hype for Augmented Reality and AR Apps. The big question is: Do these applications provide a real added value? To make AR pratically it is important to add the computational power of a computer to the advantages of AR. An easy and fast way of interaction is essential.
A Poker-Assistance-Software is an ideal test area for an AR Application with real added value. The estimation of the winning probability and a fast automated tracking of the playing cards is the perfect field of investigation.
In this discussion it is interesting to evaluate the added value of AR Applications in common.
Agricultural pesticides, especially insecticides, are an integral part of modern farming. However, these may often leave their target ecosystems and cause adverse effects in non- target, especially freshwater ecosystems, leading to their deterioration. In this thesis, the focus will be on Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) that can in many ways cause disruption of the endocrine system of invertebrates. Freshwater invertebrates play important ecological, economic and medical roles, and disruption of their endocrine systems may be crucial, considering the important role hormones play in the developmental and reproductive processes in organisms. Although Endocrine Disruption Chemicals (EDCs) can affect moulting, behaviour, morphology, sexual maturity, time to first brood, egg development time, brood size (fecundity), and sex determination in invertebrates, there is currently no agreement upon how to characterize and assess endocrine disruption (ED). Current traditional ecotoxicity tests for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) show limitations on generating data at the population level that may be relevant for the assessment of EDCs, which effects may be sublethal, latent and persist for several generations of species (transgenerational).
It is therefore the primary objective of this thesis to use a test method to investigate adverse effects of EDCs on endpoints concerning development and reproduction in freshwater invertebrates. The full life-cycle test over two generations that includes all sensitive life stages of C. riparius (a sexual reproductive organism) allows an assessment of its reproduction and should be suitable for the investigation of long-term toxicity of EDCs in freshwater invertebrates. C. riparius is appropriate for this purpose because of its short life cycle that enables the assessment of functional endpoints of the organism over several generations. Moreover, the chironomid life cycle consists of a complete metamorphosis controlled by a well-known endocrine mechanism and the endocrine system of insects has been most investigated in great detail among invertebrates. Hence, the full life-cycle test with C. riparius provides an approach to assess functional endpoints (e.g. reproduction, sex ratio) that are population-relevant as a useful amendment to the ERA of EDCs. In the laboratory, C. riparius was exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of the selected IGRs in either spiked water or spiked sediment scenario over two subsequent generations.
The results reported in this thesis revealed significant effects of the IGRs on the development and the reproduction of C. riparius with the second (F1) generation showing greater sensitivity. These findings indicated for the first time the suitability of multigenerational testing for various groups of EDCs and strongly suggested considering the full life-cycle of C. riparius as an appropriate test method for a better assessment of EDCs in the freshwater environment. In conclusion, this thesis helps to detect additional information that can be extrapolated at population level and, thus, might contribute to better protection of freshwater ecosystems against the risks of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs.) It may furthermore contribute to changes in the ERA process that are necessary for a real implementation of the new European chemical legislation, REACH (Registration, Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals). Finally, significant interactions between temperature, chemical exposure and generation were reported for the first time and, may help predict impacts that may occur in the future, in the field, under predicted climate change scenarios.
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic "user-friendly design of applications (apps)" on mobile devices, a subdomain of software-ergonomics. In the process, two applications are being analyzed with the aim of developing a solution on how support on a mobile device should be conducted. This study focuses primarily on appropriate gestures to coordinate the 'help function' on a mobile device. The study results show that the test persons request a customized help function, but reject an extensive help description, as this seems to be overwhelming for the user.