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Based on dual process models of information processing, the present research addressed how explicit disgust sensitivity is re-adapted according to implicit disgust sensitivity via self-perception of automatic behavioral cues. Contrary to preceding studies (Hofmann, Gschwendner, & Schmitt, 2009) that concluded that there was a "blind spot" for self- but not for observer perception of automatic behavioral cues, in the present research, a re-adaption process was found for self-perceivers and observers. In Study 1 (N = 75), the predictive validity of an indirect disgust sensitivity measure was tested with a double-dissociation strategy. Study 2 (N = 117) reinvestigated the hypothesis that self-perception of automatic behavioral cues, predicted by an indirect disgust sensitivity measure, led to a re-adaption of explicit disgust sensitivity measures. Using a different approach from Hofmann et al. (2009), the self-perception procedure was modified by (a) feeding back the behavior several times while a small number of cues had to be rated for each feedback condition, (b) using disgust sensitivity as a domain with clearly unequivocal cues of automatic behavior (facial expression, body movements) and describing these cues unambiguously, and (c) using a specific explicit disgust sensitivity measure in addition to a general explicit disgust sensitivity measure. In Study 3 (N = 130), the findings of Study 2 were replicated and display rules and need for closure as moderator effects of predictive validity and cue utilization were additionally investigated. The moderator effects give hints that both displaying a disgusted facial expression and self-perception of one- own disgusted facial expression are subject to a self-serving bias, indicating that facial expression may not be an automatic behavior. Practical implications and implications for future research are discussed.
Replikation einer Multi-Agenten-Simulationsumgebung zur Überprüfung auf Integrität und Konsistenz
(2012)
In dieser Master -Arbeit möchte ich zunächst eine Simulation vorstellen, mit der das Verhalten von Agenten untersucht wird, die in einer generierten Welt versuchen zu über leben und dazu einige Handlungsmöglichkeiten zur Auswahl haben. Anschließend werde ich kurz die theoretischen Aspekte beleuchten, welche hier zu Grunde liegen. Der Hauptteil meiner Arbeit ist meine Replikation einer Simulation, die von Andreas König im Jahr 2000 in Java angefertigt worden ist [Kö2000] . Ich werde hier seine Arbeit in stark verkürzter Form darstellen und anschließend auf meine eigene Entwicklung eingehen.
Im Schlussteil der Arbeit werde ich die Ergebnisse meiner Simulation mit denen von Andreas König vergleichen und die verwendeten Werkzeuge (Java und NetLogo) besprechen. Zum Abschluss werde ich in einem Fazit mein Vorhaben kurz zusammenfassen und berichten was sich umsetzen ließ, was nicht funktioniert hat und warum.
Standards are widely-used in the computer science and IT industry. Different organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (SO) are involved in the development of computer related standards. An important domain of standardization is the specification of data formats enabling the exchange of information between different applications. Such formats can be expressed in a variety of schema languages thereby defining sets of conformant documents. Often the use of multiple schema languages is required due to their varying expressive power and different kind of validation requirements.rnThis also holds for the Specification Common Cartridge which is maintained by the IMS Global Learning Consortium. The specification defines valid zip packages that can be used to aggregate different learning objects. These learning objects are represented by a set of files which are a part of the package and can be imported into a learning management system. The specification makes use of other specifications to constrain the contents of valid documents. Such documents are expressed in the eXtensible Markup Language and may contain references to other files also part of the package. The specification itself is a so-called domain profile. A domain profile allows the modification of one or more specifications to meet the needs of a particular community. Test rules can be used to determine a set of tasks in order to validate a concrete package. The execution is done by a testsystem which, as we will show, can be created automatically. Hence this method may apply to other package based data formats that are defined as a part of a specification.
This work will examine the applicability of this generic test method to the data formats that are introduced by the so called Virtual Company Dossier. These formats are used in processes related to public e-procurement. They allow the packaging of evidences that are needed to prove the fulfillment of criteria related to a public tender. The work first examines the requirements that are common to both specifications. This will introduce a new view on the requirements by introducing a higher level of abstraction. The identified requirements will then be used to create different domain profiles each capturing the requirements of a package based data format. The process is normally guided by supporting tools that ease the capturing of a domain profile and the creation of testsystems. These tools will be adapted to support the new requirements. Furtheron the generic testsystem will be modified. This system is used as a basis when a concrete testsystem is created.
Finally the author comes to a positive conclusion. Common requirements have been identified and captured. The involved systems have been adapted allowing the capturing of further types of requirements that have not been supported before. Furthermore the background of the specifications quite differ. This indicates that the use of domain profiles and generic test technologies may be suitable in a wide variety of other contexts.
Web-programming is a huge field of different technologies and concepts. Each technology implements a web-application requirement like content generation or client-server communication. Different technologies within one application are organized by concepts, for example architectural patterns. The thesis describes an approach for creating a taxonomy about these web-programming components using the free encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Our 101companies project uses implementations to identify and classify the different technology sets and concepts behind a web-application framework. These classifications can be used to create taxonomies and ontologies within the project. The thesis also describes, how we priorize useful web-application frameworks with the help of Wikipedia. Finally, the created implementations concerning web-programming are documented.
Forschungsergebnisse zum Männerchorwesen Deutschlands im 19. Jahrhundert belegen dessen gesellschaftliche und politische Relevanz. Das so genannte Sängerwesen leistete demnach einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Nationsbildung in Deutschland, da die Sänger durch ihren Gesang sowie durch ihre Aktivitäten im Verein und in der Öffentlichkeit zur inneren Einigung der Bevölkerung beitrugen und somit halfen, eine einheitliche Nation zu formen. Im Gegensatz dazu gab es bislang kaum Erkenntnisse über die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Hintergründe des Männerchorwesens der Pfalz im gleichen Zeitraum. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurde mit der vorliegenden Arbeit die Geschichte des Männerchorwesens der Pfalz erforscht, insbesondere hinsichtlich seiner Bedeutung für die Nationsbildung Deutschlands. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich von 1816, dem Jahr, in dem die Pfalz zum bayerischen Staatsgebiet wurde, bis zur Gründung des Deutschen Reiches im Jahre 1871.
Zunächst wird die Entwicklung des pfälzischen Sängerwesens bezüglich der Zahl der gegründeten Vereinen in den einzelnen Jahren und Orten sowie bezüglich des Feierns lokaler und regionaler Sängerfeste im Überblick und im Vergleich zum Musikvereinswesen der Pfalz im gleichen Zeitraum dargestellt. Dieser Betrachtung des pfälzischen Männerchorwesens als Ganzem folgt die Untersuchung seiner Einzelteile, der Personen und Ereignisse innerhalb einzelner Sängervereine und innerhalb bestimmter Zeitabschnitte, vor dem Hintergrund der jeweiligen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Situation. Bedeutend sind in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem die Auswirkungen der politisch-gesellschaftlichen Großereignisse Hambacher Fest von 1832 sowie Revolution von 1848/49 auf die laienmusikalischen Vereinskulturen.
Schließlich werden die einzelnen Phänomene und die Gesamtentwicklung aufeineander bezogen. Der Anhang der Forschungsarbeit beinhaltet, neben Auszügen aus den Protokollbüchern des "Cäcilienverein-Liedertafel Dürkheim" sowie Plakaten von pfälzischen Musik- und Sängerfesten der 1840er Jahre, Übersichtstabellen mit Informationen zu den Pfälzischen Musikfesten des 19. Jahrhunderts sowie zu den im Untersuchungszeitraum gegründeten Sängervereinen, außerdem Kartenmaterial zur räumlichen Verbreitung der Vereine sowie Notenmaterial zum freimaurerischen "Weihelied" des Kaiserslauterer Seminarlehrers Philipp Walter.
This thesis addresses the implementation of a particle simulation of an explosion. The simulation will be displayed via ray tracing in near real time. The implementation makes use of the openCL standard. The focus of research in this thesis is to analyse the performance of this combination of components.
Opinion Mining : Using Twitter as a source of opinion for the prediction of stock market prices
(2012)
Neben den theoretischen Grundkonzepten der automatisierten Fließtextanalyse, die das Fundament dieser Arbeit bilden, soll ein Überblick in den derzeitigen Forschungsstand bei der Analyse von Twitter-Nachrichten gegeben werden. Hierzu werden verschiedene Forschungsergebnisse der, derzeit verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Literatur erläutert, miteinander verglichen und kritisch hinterfragt. Deren Ergebnisse und Vorgehensweisen sollen in unsere eigene Forschung mit eingehen, soweit sie sinnvoll erscheinen. Ziel ist es hierbei, den derzeitigen Forschungsstand möglichst gut zu nutzen.
Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, dem Leser einen Überblick über verschiedene maschinelle Datenanalysemethoden zur Erkennung von Meinungen zu geben. Dies ist notwendig, um die Bedeutung der im späteren Verlauf der Arbeit eingesetzten Analysemethoden in ihrem wissenschaftlichen Kontext besser verstehen zu können. Da diese Methoden auf verschiedene Arten durchgeführt werden können, werden verschiedene Analysemethoden vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Hierdurch soll die Machbarkeit der folgenden Meinungsauswertung bewiesen werden. Um eine hinreichende Genauigkeit bei der folgenden Untersuchung zu gewährleisten, wird auf ein bereits bestehendes und evaluiertes Framework zurückgegriffen. Dieses ist als API 1 verfügbar und wird daher zusätzlich behandelt. Der Kern Inhalt dieser Arbeit wird sich der Analyse von Twitternachrichten mit den Methoden des Opinion Mining widmen.
Es soll untersucht werden, ob sich Korrelationen zwischen der Meinungsausprägung von Twitternachrichten und dem Börsenkurs eines Unternehmens finden lassen. Es soll dabei die Stimmungslage der Firma Google Inc. über einen Zeitraum von einem Monat untersucht und die dadurch gefunden Erkenntnisse mit dem Börsenkurs des Unternehmens verglichen werden. Ziel ist es, die Erkenntnisse von (Sprenger & Welpe, 2010) und (Taytal & Komaragiri, 2009) auf diesem Gebiet zu überprüfen und weitere Fragestellungen zu beantworten.
The natural and the artificial environment of mankind is of enormous complexity, and our means of understanding this complex environment are restricted unless we make use of simplified (but not oversimplified) dynamical models with the help of which we can explicate and communicate what we have understood in order to discuss among ourselves how to re-shape reality according to what our simulation models make us believe to be possible. Being both a science and an art, modelling and simulation isrnstill one of the core tools of extended thought experiments, and its use is still spreading into new application areas, particularly as the increasing availability of massive computational resources allows for simulating more and more complex target systems.
In the early summer of 2012, the 26th European Conference on Modelling andrnSimulation (ECMS) once again brings together the best experts and scientists in the field to present their ideas and research, and to discuss new challenges and directions for the field.
The 2012 edition of ECMS includes three new tracks, namely Simulation-BasedrnBusiness Research, Policy Modelling and Social Dynamics and Collective Behaviour, and extended the classical Finance and Economics track with Social Science. It attracted more than 110 papers, 125 participants from 21 countries and backgrounds ranging from electrical engineering to sociology.
This book was inspired by the event, and it was prepared to compile the most recent concepts, advances, challenges and ideas associated with modelling and computer simulation. It contains all papers carefully selected from the large number of submissions by the programme committee for presentation during the conference and is organised according to the still growing number tracks which shaped the event. The book is complemented by two invited pieces from other experts that discussed an emerging approach to modelling and a specialised application. rnrnWe hope these proceedings will serve as a reference to researchers and practitioners in the ever growing field as well as an inspiration to newcomers to the area of modelling and computer simulation. The editors are honoured and proud to present you with this carefully compiled selection of topics and publications in the field.
Particle swarm optimization is an optimization technique based on simulation of the social behavior of swarms.
The goal of this thesis is to solve 6DOF local pose estimation using a modified particle swarm technique introduced by Khan et al. in 2010. Local pose estimation is achieved by using continuous depth and color data from a RGB-D sensor. Datasets are aquired from different camera poses and registered into a common model. Accuracy and computation time of the implementation is compared to state of the art algorithms and evaluated in different configurations.
Population genetic structure in European Hyalodaphnia species: Monopolization versus gene flow
(2012)
Cyclic parthenogens displays an alternation of asexual and sexual reproduction which has consequences for the genetic structure of these organisms. The clonal diversity of cyclic parthenogenetic zooplankton populations is influenced by the size of the dormant egg bank, i.e., the amount of sexually produced dormant eggs that assembled in the sediment, as these dormant eggs contribute new genetic variants to the populations. Further, the clonal diversity is impacted by clonal erosion over time, which reduces the number of different clones through stochastic and selective processes. Although freshwater invertebrates are good dispersers through their dormant stages, the influence of gene flow is assumed to be negligible, as the local population successfully monopolizes the available resources. As these populations reach carrying capacity fast due to the asexual reproduction, the first colonizing individuals are able to successfully establish in the habitat, resulting in a priority effect which hinders the invasion of new genotypes. Due to clonal selection and sexual reproduction a population will locally adapt over time and will establish a dormant egg bank which facilitates the fast re-colonization after a hostile period. This thesis evaluates the processes altering the population genetic structure of cyclic parthenogenetic zooplankton with a special focus on the concepts of monopolization as well as the counteracting effects of gene flow, using large-lake Daphnia species. Thirty-two variable microsatellite DNA markers were developed and a subset of twelve markers was evaluated regarding their suitability for species assignment and hybrid class detection. With this marker set and an additional mitochondrial DNA marker forty-four natural European populations of the species D. cucullata, D. galeata and D. longispina were studied. In D. galeata, most populations were characterized by low clonal diversities which suggest high influence from clonal erosion over the growing season and a low contribution from the dormant egg bank. Further, recent expansions as well as gene flow were detected, probably caused by the anthropogenic alteration of freshwater habitats, in particular eutrophication of many European lakes. D. longispina and D. cucullata revealed a different genetic structure compared to D. galeata, with high genetic differentiation among populations. This indicates low levels of effective gene flow which is in line with the predictions of monopolization. Further, high clonal diversities were found in populations of the two taxa, suggesting a high contribution from the dormant egg bank while clonal erosion was often not detectable. In D. longispina, mitochondrial data revealed an ancient expansion which was probably initiated by the formation of glacial lakes after the last ice age.
In addition, in D. longispina not only clonal diversity but also genetic diversity was high, indicating that during the build-up of the studied populations the influence from gene flow was probably high. To better understand the processes that act on early populations the population build-up in regard to the temporal advantage of clones during invasion succession was experimentally studied and revealed that priority effects shape population structure of Daphnia species. However, in certain cases the highly superior clones resulted in the extinction of inferior clones independent of the temporal advantage the single clones had.
This clearly shows that not only the time of succession is important but also the competitive strength. rnIn conclusion, the results obtained show that the population genetic structure in cyclic parthenogenetic zooplankton species is impacted by various processes. In addition to earlier studies, which mainly focus on local adaptation, clonal erosion and the size of the dormant egg bank to understand population genetic structure, this thesis could show that gene flow may be effective as well. During population build-up the advantage of early arriving individuals does not necessarily predict the outcome of population assembly, as additional genotypes may contribute to the population. Finally, the genetic structure of established populations may be severely impacted by effective gene flow, if severe environmental changes alter the habitat of the locally adapted population.