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Simulation von Schnee
(2019)
Using physics simulations natural phenomena can be replicated
with the computer. The aim is to calculate a physical feature as correclty as
possible in order to draw conclusions for the real world. Fields of Application
are, for example, medicine, industry, but also games or films.
Snow is a very complex natural phenomenon due to its physical structure
and properties. To simulate snow, different material properties have to be
considered.
The most important method that deals with the simulation of snow and its
dynamics is the material point method. It combines the Lagrangian particles
based on continuum mechanics with a Cartesian grid. The grid enables
communication between the snow particles, which are not actually connected.
For calculation of particles data is transferred from these particles to
the grid nodes. There, calculations are carried out with information about
neighboring particles. The results are then transferred back to the original
particles. Using GPGPU techniques, physical simulations can be implemented
on the graphics card. Procedures like the material point method
can be parallelized well with these techniques.
This paper deals with the physical basics of the material point method and
implements them on the graphics card using compute shaders. Then performance
and quality are evaluated.
The development of a game engine is considered a non-trivial problem. [3] The architecture of such simulation software must be able to manage large amounts of simulation objects in real-time while dealing with “crosscutting concerns” [3,p. 36] between subsystems. The use of object oriented paradigms to model simulation objects in class hierarchies has been reported as incompatible with constantly changing demands during game development [2, p. 9], resulting in anti-patterns and eventual, messy refactoring.[13]
Alternative architectures using data oriented paradigms revolving around object composition and aggregation have been proposed as a result. [13, 9, 1, 11]
This thesis describes the development of such an architecture with the explicit goals to be simple, inherently compatible with data oriented design, and to make reasoning about performance characteristics possible. Concepts are formally defined to help analyze the problem and evaluate results. A functional implementation of the architecture is presented together with use cases common to simulation software.
Refractory dry-vibratable mixes, which consist of a mineral filling material and an organic or anorganic binder system, are widely used for linings in industrial aggregates, where a very high temperature resistance is required (e.g. steel industry). During lining, all compounds are mixed and hardening is chemically or thermally initiated. The time span required for hardening is of special relevance for the application of refractory dry-vibratable mixes. It should be long enough for adequate processability, but simultaneously avoid too long downtimes. Prediction or regulation of the hardening time, necessary for an ideal processing, is currently limited. One the one hand, this is a result of the lack of an appropriate method for time-dependent determination of the harding process. On the other hand, the mechanisms responsible for this very complex process have not yet been investigated in detail and the effect of influencing factors, like the temperature or the composition of the refractory dry-vibratable mixes, are poorly documented.
To make a contribution to the understanding of the hardening mechanism of refractory dry-vibratable mixes, it was the aim of the present work, to develop an appropriate test method for the time-dependent investigation of this process. This was realized by means of the dynamic-mechanical analysis. In addition, the hardening mechanism was described for a refractory dry-vibratable mix with a binder system, which consists of a waterglass and a phosphate hardener (AlPO4 und BPO4), using supplement gravimetric investigations and determining solubility behavior of the phosphates. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the impact of the hardening mechanism on the crystal and amorphous structure was studied. It could be shown, that according to the two phosphates, the hardening leads to different network structures in respect of their link denseness. These structure characteristics correlate with the speed of the hardening reactions. In addition, the impact on selected properties (thermal linear deformation, temperature-dependent phase development and phase transition) could be deducted.
This thesis is about the design and the implementation of a virtual reality experience. The goal is to answer two questions: Is it possible to create an immersive virtual reality experience which is mainly using impulses and triggers to scare and frighten users? Secondly, is this immersion strong enough to create an illusion in which the user can't separate the real world from the virtual world? To realise this project the design program Unity3D as well as Visual Studios 2017 were used. Furthermore, in order to verify that the experience is indeed immersive for the user, an experiment with a sample size of seven people was created. Afterwards the candidates were interviewed via a questionnaire how they felt during the virtual reality application. As a result the study showed that the application has tendencies to be immersive but the users were still aware of the situation. It can be concluded that the immersion was not strong enough to fool users regarding the separation of virtual and real world.
This bachelor thesis investigates the utilization of the Wii Balance Board
in virtual reality applications. For the investigation a snowboard game is
implemented, in which the virtual avatar can be controlled with the pressure
sensors of the Wii Balance Board. The user should be able to move
playfully and intuitively through the virtual environment by balancing his
body. The immersiveness and the influence on motion sickness and cybersickness
will be investigated. In Addition, the Wii Balance Board will be
compared with the Xbox Controller. The aim of the work is to evaluate
whether the Wii Balance Board is able to allow free movement in virtual
environments and whether it is more advantageous to use it rather than
a conventional controller. The results of the survey indicate that the Wii
Balance Board has a positive influence on the immersivness of the game,
despite better game results by using a conventional controller. The survey
also reveals that the use of the Wii Balance Board is responsible for more
motion-sickness/cybersickness cases.
Over the past few decades society’s dependence on software systems has grown significantly. These systems are utilized in nearly every matter of life today and often handle sensitive, private data. This situation has turned software security analysis into an essential and widely researched topic in the field of computer science. Researchers in this field tend to make the assumption that the quality of the software systems' code directly affects the possibility for security gaps to arise in it. Because this assumption is based on properties of the code, proving it true would mean that security assessments can be performed on software, even before a certain version of it is released. A study based on this implication has already attempted to mathematically assess the existence of such a correlation, studying it based on quality and security metric calculations. The present study builds upon that study in finding an automatic method for choosing well-fitted software projects as a sample for this correlation analysis and extends the variety of projects considered for the it. In this thesis, the automatic generation of graphical representations both for the correlations between the metrics as well as for their evolution is also introduced. With these improvements, this thesis verifies the results of the previous study with a different and broader project input. It also focuses on analyzing the correlations between the quality and security metrics to real-world vulnerability data metrics. The data is extracted and evaluated from dedicated software vulnerability information sources and serves to represent the existence of proven security weaknesses in the studied software. The study discusses some of the difficulties that arise when trying to gather such information and link it to the difference in the information contained in the repositories of the studied projects. This thesis confirms the significant influence that quality metrics have on each other. It also shows that it is important to view them together as a whole and suppose that their correlation could influence the appearance of unwanted vulnerabilities as well. One of the important conclusions I can draw from this thesis is that the visualization of metric evolution graphs, helps the understanding of the values as well as their connection to each other in a more meaningful way. It allows for better grasp of their influence on each other as opposed to only studying their correlation values. This study confirms that studying metric correlations and evolution trends can help developers improve their projects and prevent them from becoming difficult to extend and maintain, increasing the potential for good quality as well as more secure software code.
This dissertation deals with the opportunities and restrictions that parties face in an election campaign at the supranational level of the EU. Using communication science concepts of agenda-setting (focus: media) and agenda-building (focus: political parties), the first part of the study is based on the election campaign for the European Parliament (EP) in 2014. It analyses to what extent political parties put the EU on the agenda. Second, it is examined whether parties have used their structural advantage of being able to influence the media agenda at the supranational level during the election campaign in the context of the EP election campaign. Third, it is examined whether parties can gain an advantage for the visibility of their campaigns by rejecting EU integration and the associated conflictual communication. Fourth and final, it will be explored whether agenda-building can influence the rankings of specific policy issues on the media agenda in the European context.
First, the analyses show that a European political focus of election campaign communication can no longer be found only on the part of the small (eurosceptic) parties. Second, parties have a good chance of being present in media coverage if the they pursue a European political focus in their campaign communication. Third, a negative tone in party communication turns out not to be decisive for the parties' visibility in the election campaign. Fourth, a clear positioning on political issues also prepares parties for restrictions of the further development of a European thematic agenda. After a discussion of these results, the paper concludes with an assessment of the analysis limitations and an outlook on further research approaches.
This thesis deals with the conception and implementation of an action role-playing game using the game engine Unity. Within the context of an evaluation, the game was supposed to be evaluated with regard to the usability of the integrated control modes, the visual conviction of the animations and the user-friendliness of the tools and visualizations provided. In addition, weaknesses and problems in the game were to be identified through open feedback. The results of the evaluation showed that the game is still expandable in terms of usability and user-friendliness, but has left a good impression on the test persons.
Gegeben sei eine Basis b>=10 und eine Ziffer a0 aus der Menge {0,..., b − 1}. Wir untersuchen, ob es unendlich viele Primzahlen gibt, die in ihrer b-adischen Zifferndarstellung die Ziffer a0 nicht besitzen. Ferner schätzen wir die Anzahl dieser Primzahlen, die kleiner sind als X = b^k, nach oben und unten ab.
Damit gelingt uns eine Verallgemeinerung von Maynards Beweis für den Fall b = 10 und wir nutzen hierzu auch die in seiner Arbeit verwendeten Werkzeuge. Unter Anderem benötigen wir die Hardy-Littlewoodsche Kreismethode sowie diverse Siebmethoden, um die Minor Arcs zu kontrollieren.
Schließlich sehen wir, dass wir Maynard's Aussage vor allem dann auf beliebige Basen b>= 10 und ausgeschlossene Ziffern a0 aus {0, ..., b − 1} übertragen können, wenn zwei betragsmäßig größte Eigenwerte von Matrizen, die von b und a0 parametrisiert werden, bestimmte Abschätzungen erfüllen. Dass diese Abschätzungen im Fall b>=102 erfüllt sind, beweisen wir im letzten Kapitel. Für die Fälle b = 10 und b = 11 liegt ebenfalls ein Mathematica-Code vor, der die Abschätzungen bestätigt.
In dieser Arbeit wird überprüft, ob die Befahrung mit Forstmaschinen auf Andosol-Waldstandorten Auswirkungen auf die Bodenverdichtung hat. Dazu werden Faktoren wie die Anzahl der Befahrungen, die Neigung sowie die Bodenart betrachtet und analysiert. Die Andosolböden im Untersuchungsgebiet sind durch sehr geringe Lagerungsdichten sowie hohe Porenvolumen, bedingt durch Laacher See-Tephra (LST), gekennzeichnet.
Infolge der Befahrung durch Forstmaschinen bei zum Teil ungünstiger Witterung, bildeten sich bis zu 67 cm tiefe Fahrspuren. Des Weiteren erhöht sich die Lagerungsdichte im Vergleich zum unbeeinflussten Wald im Schnitt um 17 %, im Extremfall bis zu 54 %. Einzeln betrachtet kann für die Bodenart ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen Feinboden, vor allem Schluff sowie Ton, und der Lagerungsdichte festgestellt werden. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Hangneigung und der Verdichtung des Bodens kann anhand der untersuchten Rückegasse nicht festgestellt werden. Die Anzahl der Befahrungen scheint im Untersuchungsgebiet mit dem Grad der Verdichtung einherzugehen.
Data visualization is an effective way to explore data. It helps people to get a valuable insight of the data by placing it in a visual context. However, choosing a good chart without prior knowledge in the area is not a trivial job. Users have to manually explore all possible visualizations and decide upon ones that reflect relevant and desired trend in the data, are insightful and easy to decode, have a clear focus and appealing appearance. To address these challenges we developed a Tool for Automatic Generation of Good viSualizations using Scoring (TAG²S²). The approach tackles the problem of identifying an appropriate metric for judging visualizations as good or bad. It consists of two modules: visualization detection: given a data-set it creates a list of combination of data attributes for scoring and visualization ranking: scores each chart and decides which ones are good or bad. For the later, an utility metric of ten criteria was developed and each visualization detected in the first module is evaluated on these criteria. Only those visualizations that received enough scores are then presented to the user. Additionally to these data parameters, the tool considers user perception regarding the choice of visual encoding when selecting a visualization. To evaluate the utility of the metric and the importance of each criteria, test cases were developed, executed and the results presented.
Nanotemplates for the combined structural and functional analysis of membrane-associated proteins
(2019)
Plasma membranes are essential for life because they give cells an identity. Plasma membranes are almost impermeable to fluids and substances. Still, transport between inside and outside needs to be possible. An important transport way is endocytosis. This mechanism relies on membrane-associated proteins that sense and induce curvature to the plasma membrane. However, the physics and structural dynamics behind proteins acting on membranes is not well understood. There is a standard method in vitro to investigate membrane-associated proteins sensing spherical geometries: They are incubated on unilamellar vesicles. This procedure allows to analyze these proteins in their bound state. This approach is inappropriate for GRAF1 (GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase-1), a key player in endocytosis because it senses tubular geometries instead. However, GRAF1 extrudes lipid tubes from vesicles that can be analyzed. Still, this is a limited method because these tubes suffer from inhomogeneity and they do not enable the observation of intermediate and lower concentration binding states. To overcome this issue they can be incubated on pre-tubular structures called nanotemplates. There have been studies using carbon nanotubes and Galactosylceramide lipid tubes as nanotemplates. These approaches require complex chemical modifications or expensive components and they are not necessarily flexible. In this work we present a simple and easy new approach to prepare nanotemplates using Folch lipid mixture. We show on the basis of BPG, a truncate of GRAF1, that our nanotemplates are suitable for Cryo-EM and that it is possible to use IHRSR (Iterative Helical Real Space Reconstruction) to analyze the structure of BPG in its bound state. Moreover, the qualification for Cryo-EM allows to use plunge freezing to interrupt the incubation on our nanotemplates abruptly. This enables the analysis of intermediate binding states to understand the binding process.
In this thesis, the theory of video seethrough is fundamentally presented on the basis of a panoramic view from several camera frames of
different perspectives. Based on this, a system was designed and implemented in which video streams are put together into a panoramic image by
perspective distortion. This is then projected onto the inside of a cylinder
with the virtual position of the viewer in the middle. Finally, the resulting
video panoramas will be displayed in VR glasses. Within the implementation some optimizations are also presented, among others those that make
the system real-time capable beyond the task. Furthermore, the developed
system will be evaluated and compared with two other methods.
In no field of computer science has the hardware developed as rapidly as in the field of computer graphics. Today, we can display complex, geometric scenes in real time in immersive systems and also integrate elaborate simulations.
The aim of this work is to realize the simulation of paint splashes in a virtual world. For this purpose, an application will be implemented with the help of Unity, that uses three different techniques to color the environment with the help of paint splashes. Based on this application, the limits and possibilities of the techniques in virtual environments are examined more closely.
This examination shows that an inverse projection produces the best results.
The goal of simulations in computergraphics is the simulation of realistic phenomena of materials. Therefore, internal and external acting forces are accumulated in each timestep. From those, new velocities get calculated that ultimately change the positions of geometry or particles. Position Based Dynamics omits thie velocity layer and directly works on the positions. Constraints are a set of rules defining the simulated material. Those rules must not be violated throughout the simulation. If this happens, the violating positions get changed so that the constraints get fullfilled once again. In this work a PBD-framework gets implemented, that allows simulations of solids and fluids. Constraints get solved using GPU implementations of Gauss-Seidel and Gauss-Jakobi solvers. Results are physically plausible simulations that are real-time capable.
Lakes and reservoirs are important sources of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Although freshwaters cover only a small fraction of the global surface, their contribution to global methane emission is significant and this is expected to increase, as a positive feedback to climate warming and exacerbated eutrophication. Yet, global estimates of methane emission from freshwaters are often based on point measurements that are spatio-temporally biased. To better constrain the uncertainties in quantifying methane fluxes from inland waters, a closer examination of the processes transporting methane from sediment to atmosphere is necessary. Among these processes, ebullition (bubbling) is an important transport pathway and is a primary source of uncertainty in quantifying methane emissions from freshwaters. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of ebullition in freshwaters by studying the processes of methane bubble formation, storage and release in aquatic sediments. The laboratory experiments demonstrate that aquatic sediments can store up to ~20% (volumetric content) gas and the storage capacity varies with sediment properties. The methane produced is stored as gas bubbles in sediment with minimal ebullition until the storage capacity is reached. Once the sediment void spaces are created by gas bubble formation, they are stable and available for future bubble storage and transport. Controlled water level drawdown experiments showed that the amounts of gas released from the sediment scaled with the total volume of sediment gas storage and correlated linearly to the drop in hydrostatic pressure. It was hypothesized that not only the timing of ebullition is controlled by sediment gas storage, but also the spatial distribution of ebullition. A newly developed freeze corer, capable of characterizing sediment gas content under in situ environments, enabled the possibility to test the hypothesis in a large subtropical lake (Lake Kinneret, Israel). The results showed that gas content was variable both vertically and horizontally in the lake sediment. Sediment methane production rate and sediment characteristics could explain these variabilities. The spatial distribution of ebullition generally was in a good agreement with the horizontal distribution of depth-averaged (surface 1 m) sediment gas content. While discrepancies were found between sediment depth-integrated methane production and the snapshot ebullition rate, they were consistent in a long term (multiyear average). These findings provide a solid basis for the future development of a process-based ebullition model. By coupling a sediment transport model with a sediment diagenetic model, general patterns of ebullition hotspots can be predicted at a system level and the uncertainties in ebullition flux measurements can be better constrained both on long-term (months to years) and short-term (minutes to hours) scales.
Engineering criminal agents
(2019)
This PhD thesis with the title "Engineering Criminal Agents" demonstrates the interplay of three different research fields captured in the title: In the centre are Engineering and Simulation, both set in relation with the application field of Criminology - and the social science aspect of the latter. More precisely,
this work intends to show how specific agent-based simulation models can be created using common methods from software engineering.
Agent-based simulation has proven to be a valuable method for social science since decades, and the trend to increasingly complex simulation models is apparent, not at least due to advancing computational and simulation techniques. An important cause of complexity is the inclusion of 'evidence' as basis of simulation models. Evidence can be provided by various stakeholders, reflecting their different viewpoints on the topic to model.
This poses a particular burden by interrelating the two relevant perspectives on the topic of simulation: on the one hand the user of the simulation model who provides the requirements and is interested in the simulation results, on the other hand the developer of the simulation model who has to program a verified and validated formal model. In order to methodically link these two perspectives, substantial efforts in research and development are needed, where this PhD thesis aims to make a contribution.
The practical results - in terms of software - were achieved by using the multi-faceted approach mentioned above: using methods from software engineering, in order to become able to apply methods from computational social sciences, in order to gain insights into social systems, such as in the internal dynamics of criminal networks.
The PhD thesis shows the research involved to create these practical results, and gives technical details and specifications of the developed software.
The frame for research and development to achieve these results was provided mainly by two research projects: OCOPOMO and GLODERS.
Stylized image triangulation
(2019)
Stylized image triangulation is a popular tool of image processing. Results can be found on magazine covers or bought as a piece of art. Common use cases are filters by mobile apps or programs dedicated to automated triangulation. This thesis is based upon a paper that achieves new results formulating the adaptive dynamic triangulation as optimization problem. With this approach, new results concerning visual and technical quality are accomplished. One aim of this thesis is to make this approach accessible to as many users as possible. To reach users, a mobile app called Mesh is designed and implemented. A client-host-system is presented which relieves the app from computing the result requiring a lot of resources. Therefore, transferring the approach to a CPU based solution is part of the thesis. Also, a webserver is implemented that handles the communication between app and algorithm. “Mesh” enables the user to send a arbitrary image to the server whose result can be downloaded.
Part of the research deals with optimizing the method. As the main step, the gradient descent method, which minimizes an approximation error, is examined with three different approaches re-defining the movement of a point: The limitation of the directions of movement in a meaningful manner, diagonal directions and a dynamically repositioning of points are analyzed. Results show no improvement of visual quality using diagonal instead of horizontal and vertical steps. Disallowing a point to take its last position, the limitation of step opportunities results in a loss of visual quality but reaches an intended global error earlier. The dynamically repositioning rests upon a vectorbased solution that weights the directions and applies a factor to each of them. This results in a longer computational time but also in a higher visual quality.
Inspired by the work of Josh Bryan, another part of research aims at imitating an artists style. With the use of pseudo-random events combined with a geometryshader, a more natural look shall be achieved. This method illustrates a way of adding minor details to a rendering. To imitate an artist's work, a more complex and more precise triangulation is needed. As the last aspect, a renderstyle is presented. The style uses a center for its effect moving the triangles of a triangulation apart. The arbitrary choice of placing the centrum enables the renderstyle to be used in animations.
In this master's thesis the principle of hybrid ray tracing, consisting of a rasterization pipeline which includes ray tracing techniques for certain effects, is explained and the implementation of an application which uses a hybrid approach in which ray tracing is used to calculate shadows, ambient occlusion, and reflections and combines those with direct lighting is documented and explained. Hybrid ray tracing is based on the idea of combining the performance and flexibility of rasterization-based approaches with ray tracing to overcome the limitation of not being able to access the complete surrounding geometry at any point in the scene.
While describing the implementation of said application, the RTX API which is being used for ray tracing is explained as well Vulkan, the graphics API used.
Based on the results and the insights gained while using the RTX API, it is assessed in regards of its usage scenarios and technical sophistication.
Raytracing von NURBS
(2019)
NURBS sind eine Art von Splines, die besondere Eigenschaften besitzen.
Das ray tracen von NURBS ist eine der Darstellungsmöglichkeiten von NURBS.
Dies ist durch das konkrete berechnen von Schnittpunkten mit Strahlen
möglich. Durch die vielseitige Möglichkeiten der Modellierung mittels NURBS
sind diese beliebt in Anwendungen die im Maschinenbau verwendet werden
und auch anderen CAD-Programmen. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der
Berechnung von NURBS-Kurven und -Oberflächen, dem direkten rendern
von diesen und wägt ab ob sich der Aufwand dafür im Vergleich zu Tesselierung
lohnt.
Politische Steuerung in nationalen Bologna-Prozessen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
(2019)
Das Ziel der Dissertation besteht in der Erklärung und Analyse grundlegender Steuerungsmuster zwischen Politik und Universitätssystem in den nationalen Bologna-Prozessen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz: Wurde die Studienreform primär staatlich verordnet, im Dialog mit den Hochschulen implementiert oder die Ausgestaltung der Reform der Wissenschaft weitgehend überlassen - und welche Instrumente wurden dabei weshalb genutzt? Damit schließt die Arbeit an den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu vertikalen Vermittlungsprozessen (übernational-national) im Bologna-Prozess an: Nationale Hochschulsysteme konvergieren nicht zu einem einheitlichen Modell, sondern nationale Faktoren (z.B. Problemdeutungen und Einflussmöglichkeiten von Bildungspolitik, Universitäten u.a.) führen dazu, dass Bologna jeweils länderspezifisch verstanden und interpretiert wird.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im theoretischen Teil zur Anleitung eines systematischen Vergleichs ein analytischer Rahmen entworfen, dessen Elemente sowohl aus der Politikwissenschaft (Instrumenteforschung, Politische Steuerung, Governance etc.) als auch aus der Hochschulforschung stammen. In den anschließenden empirischen Kapiteln zu den drei Ländern werden die Akteurkonstellationen und faktisch zu beobachtenden Instrumentarien beschrieben, analysiert und interpretiert. Die methodische Basis bilden neben der Analyse zahlreicher Dokumente 37 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten.
Grundsätzlich lassen sich auf Basis der empirischen Teile die folgenden zentralen Ergebnisse der Studie festhalten:
Deutschland: Aufgrund der relativ starken Kompetenzen der Länder und der Einflussschwäche der Universitäten ist für den deutschen Bologna-Prozess ein primär interventionistisches Muster kennzeichnend. Dieses wurde und wird bis heute dadurch verstärkt, dass die Umsetzung von Bologna durch spezifische Problemwahrnehmungen und -lösungen von KMK und HRK in den 90er Jahren geprägt ist (z.B. Modularisierung als Antwort auf unstrukturierte Studiengänge, Akkreditierung als Fortführung der tradierten Input-Steuerung). `Bologna` wurde so mit genuin nationalen Instrumenten verquickt, die z.T. quer zum tradierten Lehrhabitus vieler Hochschullehrerinnen und -lehrer lag und liegt (z.B. Modularisierung oder Kompetenzorientierung). Verstärkend trat hinzu, dass die Reform u.a. aufgrund des Bund/Länder-Konflikts in der Bildungspolitik im Vorfeld der Föderalismusreform I nicht finanziell unterstützt wurde. Plastisch formuliert ist der deutsche Bologna-Prozess regulativ über- und finanziell untersteuert, was auch zu den Studierendenprotesten 2009/2010 beitrug.
Österreich: Der Bologna-Prozess lief in Österreich parallel zu einem umfassenden Neuordnungsprozess, innerhalb dessen die Universitäten in ihrer Autonomie erheblich gestärkt wurden und sich das zuvor zentrale Wissenschaftsministerium in seinen Kompetenzen erheblich limitierte. Dieses hatte die Reform unmittelbar 1999 noch angestoßen, zog sich anschließend jedoch im Rahmen einer `minimalen Steuerung` zurück und übernahm auch keine Reformmehrkosten. Da unterhalb der in die Autonomie entlassenen Universitäten kein nationaler Dialog über die Reform in Gang kommen konnte, fand der Bologna-Prozess vor allem auf der Ebene der jeweils eigenständigen Universitäten `vor Ort` statt. Diese erhebliche regulative und finanzielle Untersteuerung führte 2009/2010 zu massiven Studierendenprotesten, die angesichts der schwachen Position des Ministeriums auch nur unzureichend kanalisiert werden konnten.
Schweiz: In der Schweiz hingegen ist eine austarierte regulative und finanzielle Steuerung zu beobachten. Bund und Kantone übertrugen Anfang der 2000er Jahre wenige, aber wesentliche Kompetenzen auf ein gemeinsames Organ, das seinerseits per Gesetz eng mit der Rektorenkonferenz zusammenarbeiten sollte. Bologna stärkte dieses bis dato auf dem Papier bestehende Muster: Vor dem Hintergrund einer übergreifend geteilten prozessualen Subsidiaritätsnorm sowie weitgehender Präferenzenübereinstimmung zwischen Politik und Universitäten finanzierte der Staat gezielt die Reformmehrkosten sowie strategische Projekte und delegiert die Formulierung, Implementierung und Weiterentwicklung zentraler Vorgaben auf der Basis des Entscheidungsvorbehalts an die Rektorenkonferenz bzw. Universitäten. Probleme werden innerhalb dieses Arrangements z.T. identifiziert und bearbeitet. Die Politik greift nur subsidiär im Ausnahmefall ein. Die Schweiz kommt daher dem Idealtypus der strukturierenden Steuerung sehr nahe.
Die Befunde werden abschließend in einen größeren Bezugsrahmen eingeordnet, um sie über Bologna hinaus für die Analyse des deutschen Hochschulsystems fruchtbar zu machen. Maßstab hierfür sind ausgewählte normative Kriterien zur Güte von Steuerungsmustern. So wird z.B. gezielt die politische Entscheidungskapazität in den beobachteten Mustern betrachtet: Während etwa in Deutschland auf die Studierendenproteste 2009 im Rahmen des interventionistischen Musters mit verbindlichen Instrumenten wie Strukturvorgaben, Akkreditierung und letztlich dem Qualitätspakt Lehre nicht nur symbolisch reagiert werden konnte, stand das Wiener Wissenschaftsministerium den starken Protesten durch den Verzicht auf regulative und finanzielle Ressourcen hilflos gegenüber.
Auf dieser Basis werden abschließend einige grundlegende Anregungen zur Weiterentwicklung des deutschen Hochschulsystems gegeben. Unter anderem wird dafür plädiert, den hochschulpolitischen Reformdiskurs, der sich oftmals nur zwischen den Polen `mehr Staat` und `mehr Wettbewerb` zu bewegen scheint, gezielt um alternative Handlungslogiken und Akteure zu erweitern: Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit legen nahe, Verbände und Organisationen (Rektorenkonferenzen, Fachgesellschaften, Fakultätentage u.a.) politisch zu stärken, um diese Sichtweisen und Expertisen in zukünftigen Reformprozessen (z.B. aktuell Digitalisierung) systematischer als zuvor miteinzubeziehen. Denn eine zu starke Entkopplung von politischen und wissenschaftlichen Rationalitäten führt unweigerlich zu nicht intendierten Effekten, die ihrerseits wieder Handlungsdruck erzeugen (z.B. Proteste).
In the present dissertation, the structural interaction between potassium waterglass and aluminium metaphosphates (aluminium tetrametaphosphate and aluminium hexametaphosphate) were investigated in terms of the resettlement behaviour of the metaphosphates as hardening agents. The crystalline phase composition was described qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of powder diffraction patterns combined with Rietveld refinement. The amorphous phase content was determined by different spectroscopic methods (e.g. solid-state NMR, ATR-IR, and Raman spectroscopy). The solubility behaviour of the chemical hardening agents was investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and electron absorption spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the samples were measured by three-point bending tests, resonance damping frequency analysis, and acid test. The structural framework of the chemically hardened waterglasses was explored by scanning electron microscopy method. It could be proven, that the reaction mechanism of the resettlement is strongly dependent on the structure of the aluminium metaphosphate. After the dissolution of the aluminium ions of aluminium tetrametaphosphate through the alkalic environment of the potassium waterglass, a potassium tetrametaphosphate is developed through an ion-exchange reaction with the waterglass` potassium ions. In the hexametaphosphate system, no analogous structure could be proven. Parallel to the ion-exchange reaction an incremental depolymerization of the cyclic metaphosphate structure to the final crystalline product potassium dihydrogen phosphate occurs. The drop in pH value due to the addition of the respective aluminium metaphosphate initiates a polycondensation of the potassium waterglass due to the decreasing stabilization of the waterglass. This process is increased by the depolymerization products of the metaphosphate, that remove further quantities of the alkali ions, which accelerates the polycondensation reaction due to a further decrease in pH value. The dissolved aluminium ions from the aluminium metaphosphate penetrate into the amorphous, hardening silica network and develops an alumosilicate binder matrix. Furthermore, amorphous hydrated aluminium phosphate phases develop in separate domains beside silicate, alumosilicate phases, and the crystalline phase contents e.g. potassium dihydrogenphosphate and the incomplete reacted aluminium metaphosphate. Consequently, the chemically hardened potassium waterglass binder is not necessarily homogenous. Regarding the mechanical and chemical properties, in summary with increasing alkali modulus the mechanical flexural strength, and the young modulus drop, while the chemical resistance towards acid attack, and the porosity of the samples increase. The change in the cyclic structure from aluminium tetrametaphosphate to aluminium hexametaphosphate leads to a drop in the acid resistance, the porosity of the samples, the flexural strength, and the young modulus.
Data flow models in the literature are often very fine-grained, which transfers to the data flow analysis performed on them and thus leads to a decrease in the analysis' understandability. Since a data flow model, which abstracts from the majority of implementation details of the program modeled, allows for potentially easier to understand data flow analyses, this master thesis deals with the specification and construction of a highly abstracted data flow model and the application of data flow analyses on this model. The model and the analyses performed on it have been developed in a test-driven manner, so that a wide range of possible data flow scenarios could be covered. As a concrete data flow analysis, a static security check in the form of a detection of insufficient user input sanitization has been performed. To date, there's no data flow model on a similarly high level of abstraction. The proposed solution is therefore unique and facilitates developers without expertise in data flow analysis to perform such analyses.
Social Network of Business Objects (SoNBO) is a concept for aggregating information distributed in he-terogeneous system landscapes and making it available via a single user interface. The central idea is to understand company information as a network (graph). There is already a SoNBO-Explorer which integrates the information of a customer relationship management system (CRM system). The challenge in configuring such an application is to identify the corporate network and thus find out how the stored data is linked within the company. A tool that can visualize the corporate network is helpful for this. In this thesis a selfdeveloped tool (SoNBO-Graph-App) is presented as a prototype, which realizes this visualization. With this application the configuration of the network in the SoNBO Explorer consisting of the merged data can be supported by carrying out that configuration on a graphical level. The prototype is connected to two different databases of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and allows the aggregation of these data so that it is displayed as a graph in an overview. This gives the user a better insight and understanding of the relationship between the different data. This work is part of the longterm research project SoNBO, whose goal is a concept for the integration of information from different business application systems.
Small headwater streams comprise most of the total channel length and catchment area in fluvial networks. They are tightly connected to their catchments and, thus, are highly vulnerable to changes in catchment hydrologic budgets and land use. Although these small, often fishless streams are of little economic interest, they are vital for the ecological and chemical state of larger water bodies. Although numerous studies investigate the impact of various anthropogenic stressors or altered catchment conditions, we lack an in-depth understanding of the natural conditions and processes in headwater streams. This natural state, however, largely affects how a headwater stream responds to anthropogenic or climatic changes. One of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems is the excessive anthropogenic input of nutrients leading to eutrophication. Nutrients exert a bottom-up effect in the food web, foremost affecting primary producers and their consumers, i.e. periphyton and benthic grazers in headwater streams. The periphyton-grazer link is the main path of autochthonous (in-stream) production into the stream food web and the strength of this link largely determines the effectiveness of this pathway. Therefore, this thesis aims at elucidating important biological processes with the explicit focus on periphyton-grazer interactions. I assessed different aspects of periphyton-grazer interactions using laboratory experiments to solve methodological problems, and using a field study to compare the benthic communities of three morphologically similar, phosphorus-limited, near-natural headwater streams. With the results of the laboratory experiments, I was able to show that periphyton RNA/DNA ratios can be used as proxy for periphyton growth rates in controlled experiments and that the fatty acid composition of grazing mayfly nymphs responds to changes in fatty acids provided by the diet after only two weeks. The use of the RNA/DNA ratio as a proxy for periphyton growth rate allows a comparison of these growth rates even in simple experimental set-ups and thereby permits the inclusion of this important process in ecotoxicological or ecological experiments. The observed fast turnover rates of fatty acids in consumer tissues show that even short-term changes in available primary producers can alter the fatty acid composition of primary consumers with important implications for the supply of higher trophic levels with physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids. With the results of the field study, I revealed gaps in the understanding of the linkages between catchment and in-stream phosphorus availability under near-natural conditions and demonstrated that seemingly comparable headwater streams had significantly different benthic communities. These differences most likely affect stream responses to environmental changes.
This work describes a novel software tool for visualizing anatomical segmentations of medical images. It was developed as part of a bachelor's thesis project, with a view to supporting research into automatic anatomical brain image segmentation. The tool builds on a widely-used visualization approach for 3D image volumes, where sections in orthogonal directions are rendered on screen as 2D images. It implements novel display modes that solve common problems with conventional viewer programs. In particular, it features a double-contour display mode to aid the user's spatial orientation in the image, as well as modes for comparing two competing segmentation labels pertaining to one and the same anatomical region. The tool was developed as an extension to an existing open-source software suite for medical image processing. The visualization modes are, however, suitable for implementation in the context of other viewer programs that follow a similar rendering approach.
The modified code can be found here: soundray.org/mm-segmentation-visualization.tar.gz.
Das „Templerhaus“ in Boppard.
Kunsthistorische Untersuchung eines spätromanischen Baudenkmals
(2019)
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht die Namens-, Besitz- und Nutzungsgeschichte des sogenannten Templerhauses, einem massiven Profanbau der Stauferzeit in Boppard (Rheinland-Pfalz). Nach einer Beschreibung des heutigen Erscheinungsbildes und der Erarbeitung früherer Zustände erfolgt ein stilkritischer Vergleich mit ausgewählten Beispielen der Umgebung, der Rekonstruktionsversuch früherer Bauphasen und eine Einordnung in den städtischen Kontext.
Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Adaption der Übersetzung des Fragebogens zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollüberzeugungen nach Günter Krampen aus dem Jahr 1991 zum Ziel und prüft die Übersetzung auf ihre Gültigkeit und Richtigkeit. Nach der Erklärung des Forschungsinteresses und der Herleitung des psychologischen Konstruktes der Kontrolle, sowie der Vorstellung des behandelten Fragebogens, werden Methoden der Übersetzung psychologischer Messinstrumente vorgestellt und im Anschluss des Übersetzungsprozesses des Fragebogens dargestellt, welcher aus einem Team-Ansatz bestand und durch die Kontrolle mehrerer Personen einen hohen Qualitätsanspruch garantiert. Die Endfassung des Fragebogens wird an einer Stichprobe von N=129 polnischen Probanden untersucht und mit einer deutschen Kontrollgruppe von N=52 Probanden, sowie der Normierungsstichprobe aus dem deutschen Manual des Fragebogens zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollüberzeugungen (Krampen, 1991) verglichen. Teststatistische Kennwerte wie die Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen der Items aber auch der Subskalen weisen eine große Ähnlichkeit der Fragebogenversionen auf. Ebenso können die Trennschärfen der Items im Gruppenvergleich der drei Stichproben als zufriedenstellend angesehen werden. Die interne Konsistenz sowie die Testhalbierungsreliabilität können für die Subskalen sowie den gesamten Fragebogen in der polnischen Version größtenteils bestätigt werden, sodass die Übersetzung als reliabel anzusehen ist. Darüber hinaus kann die Validität durch testtheoretisch adäquate Skaleninterkorrelationen und die Validierung mit dem externen Faktor des Wohlbefindens bestätigt werden. Die qualitative Erhebung zur Überprüfung des Verständnisses der übersetzten Items, zeigt zudem ein homogenes unidimensionales Bild und bestätigt die Qualität der Übersetzung. Die faktorielle Analyse zeigt jedoch im Gegensatz zu den restlichen Untersuchungen deutliche Unterschiede auf, da aus der polnischen Stichprobe eine zweifaktorielle Lösung auf Sekundärskalenniveau hervorgeht, wohingegen die Normstichprobe des Manuals, sowie die deutsche Stichprobe konstruktdifferenzierte und in der Theorie des Fragebogens begründete vierfaktorielle Ausgaben aufzeigt. In jeder Version des Fragebogens wurden jedoch schwach ladende und faktoriell nicht klar zuordbare Items gefunden, welche eine statistische Itembereinigung des Fragebogens in der zukünftigen Arbeit mit dem Messinstrument legitimieren. Diese Unterschiede bestätigt auch die Procustean Factor Rotation, welche korrelative Differenzen zwischen den Faktoranalysen der deutschen und polnischen Daten anzeigt und in einer weiteren Untersuchung näher beleuchtet werden sollte. Zusammenfassend kann die Übersetzung des Fragebogens zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollüberzeugungen als gelungen angesehen werden, auch wenn der Fragebogen sowohl in seiner Originalfassung als auch in der polnischen Version einer Optimierung unterlaufen sollte.
Thesis is devoted to the topic of challenges and solutions for human resources management (HRM) in international organizations. The aim is to investigate methodological approaches to assessment of HRM challenges and solutions, and to apply them on practice, to develop ways of improvement of HRM of a particular enterprise. The practical research question investigated is “Is the Ongoing Professional Development – Strategic HRM (OPD-SHRM) model a better solution for HRM system of PrJSC “Philip Morris Ukraine”?”
To achieve the aim of this work and to answer the research question, we have studied theoretical approaches to explaining and assessing HRM in section 1, analyzed HRM system of an international enterprise in section 2, and then synthesized theory and practice to find intersection points in section 3.
Research findings indicate that the main challenge of HRM is to balance between individual and organizational interests. Implementation of OPD-SHRM is one of the solutions. Switching focus from satisfaction towards success will bring both tangible and intangible benefits for individuals and organization. In case of PrJSC “Philip Morris Ukraine”, the maximum forecasted increase is 330% in net profit, 350% in labor productivity, and 26% in Employee Development and Engagement Index.
Within the framework of a participatory action research approach, teachers and their students were accompanied scientifically with a focus on Montessori pedagogy and music in an upper secondary grammar school for three years (from 2012-2015).
Based on attitude- and self-efficacy-theories, inclusive instruction as well as agent-based research, the aim was to examine the implementation of an inclusive learning - and school-culture at this grammar school – an institution which is part of the highly selective education system at secondary II level in Austria.
It has been possible to reconstruct the understanding of teachers concerning inclusion and conceptions of man as well as their selfefficacy of competences to teach in an inclusive environment by means of qualitative and quantitative data. To examine attitudes and selfefficacy of teacher competences, international and national tested scales SACIE-R (Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education-Revised) and TEIP (Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice) were used in a German version. Furthermore, the empirical survey was extended by a webbased national questionnaire for teachers in different types of schools, from primary to secondary level (n= 427) to allow comparative analysis. Interviews, which were evaluated content-analytically and ques-tionnaires for parents (n=37) and students (n=19) offered an indepth insight into everyday educational practice from different perspectives.
The synopsis of the result shows, that it was possible for a rather young team of teachers with very positive attitudes towards inclusion, to implement a supportive and vivid learning - and school culture. Nevertheless, the efforts of the teachers did not exceed the system limits. The development towards a ‘school for all’, a logical consequence of theoretical approaches concerning inclusion, was not discovered. The current research is verifying the corefindings of inclusive - and agent-based research. Further findings can be related to the selective structures of the education system in secondary II.
Commonsense reasoning can be seen as a process of identifying dependencies amongst events and actions. Understanding the circumstances surrounding these events requires background knowledge with sufficient breadth to cover a wide variety of domains. In the recent decades, there has been a lot of work in extracting commonsense knowledge, a number of these projects provide their collected data as semantic networks such as ConceptNet and CausalNet. In this thesis, we attempt to undertake the Choice Of Plausible Alternatives (COPA) challenge, a problem set with 1000 questions written in multiple-choice format with a premise and two alternative choices for each question. Our approach differs from previous work by using shortest paths between concepts in a causal graph with the edge weight as causality metric. We use CausalNet as primary network and implement a few design choices to explore the strengths and drawbacks of this approach, and propose an extension using ConceptNet by leveraging its commonsense knowledge base.
Willingness to pay and willingness to accept on a two-sided platform - The use case of DoBeeDo
(2019)
It is widely known that especially for technology-based start-ups, entrepreneurs need to set up the boundaries of the business and define the product/service to offer in order to minimize the risk of failure. The goal of this thesis is to not only emphasize the importance of the business model development and evaluation but also show an example customer validation process for an emerging start-up named DoBeeDo, which is a mobile app operating on a two-sided market. During the process of customer validation a survey has been conducted to evaluate the interest of the target groups as well as the fit of their expectations using the Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept measures. The paper includes an analysis and evaluation of the gathered results and assesses whether the execution of the Customer Development Model can be continued.
Unkontrolliert gewachsene Software-Architekturen zeichnen sich i.d.R. durch fehlende oder schlecht nachvollziehbare Strukturen aus. Hierfür können als Gründe beispielsweise mangelhafte Definitionen oder ein langsames Erodieren sein. Dies ist auch unter dem Begriff "Big Ball of Mud" bekannt. Langfristig erhöhen solche architekturellen Mängel nicht nur die Entwicklungskosten, sondern können letztendlich auch Veränderungen vollständig verhindern.
Die Software-Architektur benötigt somit eine kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung, um solchen Effekten entgegen wirken zu können. Eine gute Software-Architektur unterstützt die Software-Entwicklung und erhöht die Produktivität. Auf der Ebene von Quellcode existieren bereits etablierte Vorgehensweisen zur kontrollierten Verbesserung der Qualität. Im Gegensatz hierzu existieren für Verbesserungen einer Software-Architektur jedoch keine allgemeingültigen Vorgehensweisen, welche unabhängig vom Anwendungsfall angewandt werden können. An diesem Punkt setzt die vorliegende Arbeit an.
Bisherige Arbeiten beschäftigen sich einerseits nur mit Teilpunkten des Problems. Anderseits existieren zwar bereits Vorgehensweisen zum Treffen von Architekturentscheidungen, jedoch agieren diese auf einer stark abstrakten Ebene ohne praktische Beispiele. Diese Arbeit stellt eine leichtgewichtige Vorgehensweise zum gezielten Verbessern einer Software-Architektur vor. Die Vorgehensweise basiert auf einem generischen Problemlösungsprozess. Auf dieser Basis ist ein Prozess zum Lösen von Problemen einer Software-Architektur entwickelt worden. Im Fokus der Arbeit stehen zur Eingrenzung des Umfanges architektonische Probleme aufgrund geforderter Variabilität sowie externer Abhängigkeiten.
Die wissenschaftliche Methodik, welcher der Arbeit zugrunde liegt, agiert im Rahmen der Design Science Research (DSR). Über mehrere Iterationen hinweg wurde eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, welche sich an Softwareentwickler mit zwei bis drei Jahren Erfahrung und Kenntnissen über Grundlage der Softwareentwicklung und Software-Architektur richtet. Fünf Schritte inkl. Verweise auf aussagekräftige Literatur leiten Anwender anschließend durch den Prozess zur gezielten Verbesserung einer Software-Architektur.
Recently the workflow control as well as compliance analysis of the Enterprise Resource Planning systems are of a high demand. In this direction, this thesis presents the potential of developing a Workflow Management System upon a large Enterprise Resource Planning system by involving business rule extraction, business process discovery, design of the process, integration and compliance analysis of the system. Towards this, usability, limitations and challenges of every applied approach are deeply explained in the case of an existing system named SHD ECORO.
Die didaktische Konzeption der Schreibkonferenz ist soweit etabliert, dass sie bereits in den rheinland-pfälzischen Rahmenplan für die Grundschule für das Fach Deutsch übernommen wurde. Bisher liegt eine Reihe von Erfahrungsberichten zur Schreibkonferenz vor, jedoch wurden dazu bislang kaum systematisch empirische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die empirische Studie dieser Arbeit, welche an die VERA-Studie angeschlossen ist, untersucht, ob im Grundschulunterricht (in der dritten und vierten Klasse) der Einsatz von Schreibkonferenzen im Vergleich zur konventionellen Aufsatzdidaktik zu einer Verbesserung der Schreibleistungen, des eigenen Lernens, zu positiven Veränderungen des eigenen Verhaltens sowie zur Förderung der Motivation der Schüler beim Schreiben führt. Dabei wird von folgenden Überlegungen ausgegangen: Zum einen sollte die Schreibkonferenz im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Aufsatzdidaktik das selbstständige Arbeiten der Schüler mit Texten im Deutschunterricht fördern, zum anderen sollte sie zu einer intensiveren Auseinandersetzung mit Texten und damit zu einer Verbesserung des Aufsatzschreibens führen.
This scientific paper deals with the question to which extend the increasing digitization has an impact on work-life balance. Answering this question is the main goal of this study.
To reach this goal a literature review is made, in which it is possible to create a direct correlation between the subjective feel of work-life balance and the perceived stress level. With the help of Antonovsky’s salutogenesis model (1997) from the stress research field, factors are ascertained which determine the perceived stress level and linked with that the perceived work-life balance. These stress-influencing factors are examined through a qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2014) on a base of a problem-centered interview.
The results suggest that the digitization has impact on all these ascertained factors and linked to them on the work-life balance. This shows, that the digitization influences us in almost every aspect of work or private life. Whether this impact is positive or negative towards the work life balance depends on the individual, that assesses this factor. Clear distinctions can be made between people working in an IT-based job and those that do not. In comparison, people with IT-based jobs perceive a substantial better impact of digitization on work-life balance.
Diese Arbeit soll das von Dietz und Oppermann entwickelte Planspiel „Datenschutz 2.0“ an den heutigen Alltag der Schüler anpassen, die Benutzung in der Sekundarstufe II ermöglichen und die technischen und gesetzlichen Problematiken des Planspiels beheben. Das mit dem Planspiel aufgegriffene Thema Datenschutz ist im rheinland-pfälzischen Informatik-Lehrplan für die Sekundarstufe II verankert. Hier wird der Begriff Datenschutz in der Reihe „Datenerhebung unter dem Aspekt Datenschutz beurteilen“ genannt. Jedoch werden in dem Planspiel keine Daten erhoben, sondern die selbst hinterlassenen Datenspuren untersucht. Diese Form des Datenschutzes ist im Grundkurs in der vorgeschlagenen Reihe „Datensicherheit unter der Berücksichtigung kryptologischer Verfahren erklären und beachten“ unter dem Thema Kommunikation in Rechnernetzen zu finden. Im Leistungskurs steht die Datensicherheit in gleichbenannter Reihe und Thema und in der Reihe „Datenerhebung unter dem Aspekt Datenschutz beurteilen“ im Thema Wechselwirkung zwischen Informatiksysteme, Individuum und Gesellschaft.
Die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung kann als ein zentrales Element einer konsequenten Unternehmensstrategie zur Umsetzung der gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung (Corporate Social Responsibility) angesehen werden. Um die Unternehmen bei dieser Aufgabe zu unterstützen stellt die Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) mit ihren G4 Leitlinien einen Orientierungsrahmen bereit, dessen Anwendung sich allerdings für Klein und Mittelunternehmen sehr komplex gestaltet. Ein branchenspezifisches Sector Supplement für den Weinbau existiert derzeit noch nicht.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, diese Forschungslücke durch die Entwicklung weinbauspezifischer Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte und Indikatoren zu schließen, um den Betrieben eine selbstständige GRI-konforme Berichterstattung zu ermöglichen.
Der Prozess zur Identifikation wesentlicher Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte und -indikatoren erfolgt mittels Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung in Form
von Workshops, betrieblichen Vorortanalysen und Experteninterviews.
Parallel dazu erfolgt eine umfassende Analyse der weinbaulichen Wertschöpfungskette in Form einer Internet- und Literaturrecherche. Diese umfasst vorrangig die ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte als diejenigen Bestandteile weinbaulicher Tätigkeiten, die sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf die Umwelt auswirken können. Anschließend erfolgt die zentrale Priorisierung der identifizieren Handlungsfelder und Nachhaltigkeitsthemen durch die Stakeholder. Zur Visualisierung der bewerteten Handlungsfelder dient das Instrument der Wesentlichkeitsanalyse.
Auf dieser Basis erfolgt die Entwicklung eines Handlungsleitfadens zur Erstellung von Nachhaltigkeitsberichten in der Weinwirtschaft. Hiermit erlangen Weingüter die praktische Kompetenz ein eigenes Nachhaltigkeitsreporting anzugehen.
Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde auch ein elektronisches Tool entwickelt, das den Betrieben die Möglichkeit eröffnet, betriebliche Umweltaspekte zu erfassen und zu bewerten. Gleichzeitig wird den Anwendern damit die Generierung eines überbetrieblichen Vergleichs der Umweltleistung ermöglicht (Benchmarking).
Eine weitere Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Biodiversitätserfassung und -bewertung für Rebland. Hintergrund sind die bisher nur geringen Funde auf der durch das Bundesamt für Naturschutz festgelegten Kennartenlisten bzw. den HNV-Stichprobenflächen (High nature value farmland-Indikator) für Rebland.
Hierzu wurde mittels Geoinformationssystemen das Artenvorkommen in rheinland-pfälzischen Weinanbaugebieten analysiert und 30 Pflanzenarten als Indikatorarten für den Weinbau abgeleitet. Ergänzend wurden weinbergstypische, geschützte Tierarten als „Bonusarten“ identifiziert. Die Indikatorarten werden den Winzern als ein Instrument zur eigenständigen Erfassung der Biodiversität in den Weinbergen dienen und im Rahmen einer Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung herangezogen werden können.
Grapevine growers have struggled with defending their crops against pests and diseases since the domestication of grapevine over 6000 ears ago. Since then, new growing methods paired with a better nderstanding of the ecological processes in the vineyard ecosystem continue to improve quality and quantity of grape harvests. In this thesis I am describing the effects of two recent innovations in viticulture on pest and beneficial arthropods in vineyards; Fungus-resistant grapevine cultivars (PIWIs) and the pruning system semi-minimal pruned hedge (SMPH). The SMPH pruning system allows for a drastic reduction of manual labor in the vineyard, and PIWIs are resistant to two of the most common fungal diseases of grapevine and therefore allow a drastic reduction of fungicide applications compared to conventional varieties. Heavy use of pesticides is linked to a number of problems, including pollution of waterways, negative effects on human health, and biodiversity loss. Here, I studied the effects of fungicide reduction and minimal pruning on arthropods that are beneficial for natural pest suppression in the vineyard ecosystem such as predatory mites, spiders, ants, earwigs, and lacewings. All of these groups either benefitted from the reduction of fungicide sprayings or were not significantly affected. Structural changes in the canopy of SMPH grapevines altered the microclimate in the canopy which in turn influenced some of the arthropods living in it. Overall, my findings suggest that PIWIs and SMPH, both in combination or separately, improve conditions for natural pest control. This adds to other advantages of these innovative management practices such as a reduction in production cost and a smaller impact on the environment.
This Bachelor thesis describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of a playful augmented reality application for mobile devices. Building on the ARCore SDK, the game pARcours was developed, where the player can place virtual objects in the real environment to build their own parcours. This must be flown through with a likewise virtual aircraft. The main focus in the implementation of the game was on the interaction with the virtual objects and the collision detection of these with real surfaces. Furthermore, various input methods for building the parcours and controlling the aircrafts were examined. In a final evaluation both the game and the various input methods could be evaluated, as well as ARCore with regard to the development of augmented reality applications.
Tracking is an integral part of many modern applications, especially in areas like autonomous systems and Augmented Reality. For performing tracking there are a wide array of approaches. One that has become a subject of research just recently is the utilization of Neural Networks. In the scope of this master thesis an application will be developed which uses such a Neural Network for the tracking process. This also requires the creation of training data as well as the creation and training of a Neural Network. Subsequently the usage of Neural Networks for tracking will be analyzed and evaluated. This includes several aspects. The quality of the tracking for different degrees of freedom will be checked as well as the the impact of the Neural Network on the applications performance. Additionally the amount of required training data is investigated, the influence of the network architecture and the importance of providing depth data as part of the networks input. This should provide an insight into how relevant this approach could be for its adoption in future products.
Im Bereich der Computergraphik bilden die Nicht-Photorealistischen Renderingverfahren einen Schwerpunkt in der technischen und wissenschaftlichen Visualisierung, vor allem aber in den künstlerischen Bereichen. Verschiedene Kunststile, sowie Zeichenmaterialien und ihre Eigenschaften stellen unterschiedliche Herausforderungen dar. Eine dieser Herausforderungen ist hierbei die Simulation flüssiger Zeichenmittel.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Erstellung eines interaktiven Zeichensystems für ein flüssiges Zeichenmittel, der Aquarellmalerei. Für die Simulation wird eine raue Zeichengrundlage generiert, sowie die Fluid Simulation und das optische Farbverhalten der Aquarellmalerei implementiert.
Die im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit durchgeführte Analyse von Ernährungsumstellungen auf die vegane Ernährung in Form von vier Portraits lotet mit ihrer interdisziplinären Perspektive aus Gastrosophie, Ethnologie und Leibphilosophie die soziokulturellen Aspekte dieser Transmissionsprozesse aus. Dazu gehören der zivilisatorisch erlernte Umgang mit Nahrung, das Umsetzen und Reflektieren sinnlicher Wahrnehmungen im Ernährungsprozess und die Prägung von Relationen zwischen Essendem und Zu-Essendem. Geleitet wird die Analyse dabei von der Forschungsfrage: „Welche leiblich sinnlichen Wahrnehmungen geben den Anstoß zu einer Ernährungsumstellung und wie begleiten diese den Prozess der Umstellung?“. Damit gibt die Frage den Fokus auf das (leibliche) Wahrnehmungsvermögen des Menschen vor und begrenzt Ernährung bewusst nicht auf ihre physiologische Funktion der Energiegewinnung. Dadurch flicht sie sich in den Diskurs um den cultural turn in der Ernährungswissenschaft ein und zielt weg von der metabolischen Durchmessung des Essens, hin auf das Verständnis von Ernährung als Praxis des Sich-Einverleibens-von-Anderem – Essen als Vollzug von Beziehungen. Das Sich-Ernähren wird damit als sozial geprägter und leiblich vermittelter Erfahrungsvorgang sichtbar, der über das Geschmackserlebnis hinaus durch Betroffenheitserfahrung konstituiert wird. Durch das Zusammenbringen philosophischer Perspektiven, wie die der Gastrosophie Harald Lemkes, die Essen u. a. auch als Selbstbestimmung denkt, und soziologischen Theorien, wie die des Habitus-Konzepts nach Pierre Bourdieu, wird deutlich, wie die Wahrnehmungspraxis und -fähigkeit des Menschen, in ihrem leiblichsinnlichen Aspekt, die Verhaltensbestimmung im Umgang mit Nahrung und deren Quellen beeinflusst. Die vier Portraits entstanden während einer sechsmonatigen ethnographischen Feldforschung und stellen anonymisiert die Motivation, den Verlauf und das Konfliktthema der jeweiligen Ernährungsumstellung dar. Die Portraits sind sehr individuell und zeigen auf, wie und warum beispielsweise die gesundheitliche Selbstsorge oder das empathische Mitleiden mit Nutztieren Veränderungen oder Tabuisierungen im Ernährungshandeln anstoßen.
Increasing innovation is the main reason of a changing daily work. The interaction of progressing digital technologies and our working society has originated the term “New Work”. “New Work” implies, that like spare time work time becomes part of the world of live. In this context, the self-responsibility, self-determination and self-realization of an individual in the professional as well as in the private environment is important.
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the meaning of “New Work”. Also the components and the background is considered in detail by the literature analysis in order to answer the first research question "What is the meaning of the term “New Work" in research and practice?". For this purpose, the central contents of digitalization and technology, structure of work as well as work attitude of “New Work” are taken up and explicitly examined. What perception and what benefits employees and entrepreneurs have in relation to these contents is analyzed in the present bachelor thesis on the basis of a qualitative study. The collected results from the expert interviews also provide a comparison between entrepreneurs and employees understanding, attitude and feelings towards “New Work”.
The interviews show, that “New Work” has a positive influence on the personal and the professional development of individuals. In addition, “New Work” has created new perspectives and requirements for workers and employers. “New Work” is focusing on goal-oriented working attitude and displaces time-oriented work. Through the realization and implementation of these new perspectives and requirements, it results in a fulfilling feeling in the working and living world. Caused by the abolishment of boundaries, “New Work” can be realized. Due to a satisfying profession, the sense and purpose of the work is no longer questioned. The “New Work” development leads to a cultural revolution based and digital changes.
In this thesis, I present the results of my studies on taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro islands.
In Chapter 1 I reviewed the literature on taxonomy and classification of Balsaminaceae, on habitat, world distribution, morphology, molecular phylogenetics and infrageneric classification of the genus Impatiens. In Chapters 2-15 (Fischer & Rahelivololona 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2016, Fischer et al. 2004. 2017, 2018a, b submitted, Rahelivololona et al. 2003) I presented the first results of a revision of Balsaminaceae of Madagascar and the Comoro islands including the description of 78 new species. In Chapter 16 (Yuan et al. 2004) we worked on the phylogeny and biogeography of Balsaminaceae inferred from ITS sequences using combined results from molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses. In Chapter 17 (Rahelivololona et al. 2018) we conducted a phylogeny and assessment of the infrageneric classification of species in the Malagasy Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) with a particular emphasis on taxa collected from Marojejy.
Below I summarise the most important findings of each chapter and provide an outlook for future studies.
How many species of Impatiens occur in Madagascar and the Comoro islands?
To provide additional information on the taxonomic revision of Impatiens in Madagascar and the Comoro islands, the identification of already described species as well as the description of new species was conducted. Based on herbarium specimens from BR, G, K, NEU, P, TAN and on living plants collected during several field trips, 78 new species and 6 nomina nova have been published and another 70 new taxa are already identified. Actually more than 260 species occur in Madagascar and the Comoro islands and all of them are endemic. For each species, a description of the morphology, phenology, ecology and known distribution range was provided. Apart from new taxa, the delimitation of already described species like Impatiens firmula Baker and Impatiens hildebrandtii Baill. could be clarified by studying the types and by observing the variability in the field.
Are the groups of Impatiens in Madagascar monophyletic, and what is the systematic position of Trimorphopetalum?
Yuan & al. (2004) conducted a molecular phylogenetic study to examine the morphological and karyological evolution, and the historical biogeography of the Balsaminaceae family by using nucleotide sequence data of internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The results support the monophyly of the Malagasy endemic section Trimorphopetalum and show that the cleistogamous Impatiens inaperta should be included in the sect. Trimorphopetalum which is the most derived within Impatiens. Therefore, the section Preimpatiens proposed by Perrier de la Bâthie (1934) is paraphyletic.
Rahelivololona & al. (2018) provided a phylogenetic study focused on three subdivisions (based on macromorphological characters) proposed by Perrier de la Bâthie (1934). The analysis was done using two nuclear AP3/DEF homologues (ImpDEF1 and ImpDEF2) and the plastid atpB-rbcL spacer to reassess or assess the monophyly of the Malagasy Impatiens, of the sections Preimpatiens (Humblotianae and Vulgare groups) and Trimorphopetalum. A focus was on the species of Impatiens from the Marojejy National Park and of the morphologically variable species I. elatostemmoides, I. “hammarbyoides”, I. inaperta and I. manaharensis, using monophyly as the primary criterion.
As results the Malagasy Impatiens are paraphyletic and the section Preimpatiens sensu Perrier de la Bâthie (1934) (= subgen. Impatiens sensu Fischer & Rahelivololona 2002) was not resolved as a monophyletic group. The section Trimorphopetalum sensu Perrier de la Bâthie (1934) (= subgen. Trimorphopetalum sensu Fischer & Rahelivololona 2002), however, was strongly confirmed as a monophyletic lineage (BS: 92; BPP: 1). Neither the Humblotianae group nor the Vulgare group was supported as monophyletic. None of the morphologically variable species appeared to be monophyletic and the sampled species of Impatiens from the Marojejy National Park do also not form a monophyletic group.
What are the biogeographical position and the distribution patterns of Impatiens in Madagascar and the Comoro islands?
Investigation of the geographical affinities and species distribution of section Impatiens (including Humblotianae group and Vulgare group) and section Trimorphopetalum were conducted and the origin and evolution as well as species richness and endemism were discussed.
The isolation, the climate and the complex topography of Madagascar have generated the microhabitats and ecological niches favourable to the diversification of Impatiens species. Impatiens of Madagascar with 260 endemic species is actually the largest genus in Madagascar. Therefore, Madagascar and the Comoro islands are among the most species-rich regions in the world for Impatiens.
Future studies
In Impatiens on Madagascar, there remain numerous unresolved questions that need to be adressed:
• A further study based on a much larger molecular data set and sampling from the entire geographic ranges of Impatiens in Madagascar is needed to retest the monophyly of the different subgenera and sections, as well as a molecular dating of the Malagasy Impatiens.
• The study of pollinators as a key for understanding the radiation and species richness is required: Within Impatiens the different shapes of spur are related to pollinators (bees, birds, butterflies and moths). Therefore pollinator observation of specific species need to be done to understand the radiation of species by adaptation and coevolution with these pollinators. A pollination study with a large number of species within section Trimorphopetalum will help to understand the mechanism of complete disappearance of the spur, the shift of pollinators and the evolution of species richness.
• The destruction of the natural habitats of Impatiens and the subsequent reduction of humidity in logged area constitute a severe threat for the survival of many species. The conservation and reforestation of vulnerable areas such as Ankaratra, Daraina, Mandraka and Col des Tapia near Antsirabe is required.
• In terms of conservation and to mitigate the threat on the genus, a study on the ex-situ-conservation of Malagasy Impatiens species is very important as long as some species are suitable for horticultural purposes (e.g. Impatiens mayae-valeriae, Impatiens emiliae and species with broad red spur).
• Finally, the publication of the revision of Impatiens of Madagascar and the Comoro islands will help other botanists to identify the species and will thus increase our knowledge on the group.
Our work finds the fine grained edits in context of neighbouring tokens in Wikipedia articles. We cluster those edits according to similar neighbouring context. We encode neighbouring context into vector space using word vectors. We evaluate clusters returned by our algorithm on extrinsic and intrinsic metric and compare it with previous work. We analyse the relation between extrinsic and intrinsic measurements of fine grained edit tokens.
In this thesis criteria and requirements for a successful collaboration platform for the improvement of communication between scientific institutes of the railway industry distributed worldwide are developed and evaluated. First, an introduction to collaboration platforms and their current market situation and trends will be given. The result-ing knowledge will be used for a qualitative content analysis in the form of interviews with the target group of the planned collaboration platform. Based on the basic knowledge and the interviews carried out, hypotheses for communication in scientific institutes will then be formed. These hypotheses serve to create a questionnaire for a quantitative survey of the target group. The following analysis of general collaboration platforms and those of the railway industry provides further insights and describes requirements for a successful conception of a collaboration platform.
A subsequently planned conception of this platform cannot be carried out within the scope of this research work due to a lack of meaningful results and information. The planned quantitative content analysis was too complex for the chosen research context. In this research work, the quantitative questioning will be prepared for the following research work in this topic area. Further work results will be evaluated and made available for the following research work.
In order to simulate realistic motion sequences, muscles must be able to be modelled anatomically correct. Yet it is only possible in SimPack to define muscles as a straight line between two points. This thesis presents an approach where ellipses can be defined through which a muscle must pass. The main problem is to calculate the length of this muscle through the ellipses. An algorithm is presented that calculates the shortest path of a muscle path through this ellipses. This algorithm is then implemented in Fortran 90 and integrated into an existing muscle model in SimPack.
Wenn es um die Vermittlung und Förderung von Kompetenzen geht, die für die Transformation zu einer nachhaltigen Gesellschaft notwendig sind, nehmen angehende Lehrpersonen eine Schlüsselrolle ein. Mit der modellhaften Einführung des Zertifikatsstudiums „Bildung – Transformation – Nachhaltigkeit“ (BTN) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau bietet sich Lehramtsstudierenden aller Fächer und Schulformen die Möglichkeit, sich in verschiedenen Modulen – begleitend zum regulären Studium – wissenschaftlich fundiert, multiperspektivisch und praxisorientiert mit Aspekten nachhaltiger Entwicklung auseinanderzusetzen. Ziel ist es, Lehramtsstudierende mit relevanten Nachhaltigkeitskompetenzen auszustatten, sie für ihre Rolle in Bezug auf die notwendige Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigen Gesellschaft zu sensibilisieren und sie zu befähigen, in ihrem zukünftigen Berufsleben an Schulen, Hochschulen oder außerschulischen Bildungseinrichtungen inklusive und systemische Nachhaltigkeitskonzepte zu implementieren. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt des Zertifikats liegt auf der Förderung der Reflexionsfähigkeit der Studierenden. Das Zertifikat BTN ist ein Projekt des Zentrums für Bildung und Forschung an Außerschulischen Lernorten (ZentrAL) der Universität Koblenz-Landau und wurde durch die Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) als Pilotvorhaben gefördert.