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Sind Menschen von einer Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland betroffen, so regelt der durch § 14 SGB XI festgeschriebene Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff den Zugang zu Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung. Der Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff ist dabei ein normativ gesetzter und basiert bislang nicht auf empirischen Studien aus dem Bereich der Pflege und der Pflegewissenschaft. Durch seine gesetzliche Fundierung lenkt er die Bedingungen und Strukturen, unter welchen Pflegeleistungen in Deutschland von Pflegefachpersonen erbracht werden. Weiterhin ist davon auszugehen, dass die Pflegefachpersonen durch ihre professionelle Sozialisierung einen fachlichen Fokus auf das Konstrukt der Pflegebedürftigkeit legen, welcher sich vom Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff unterscheidet und strukturell nicht in die Leistungsbemessung einfließt. Daraus ergeben sich Aspekte einer pflegerischen Unter- und Überversorgung.
Die vorliegende Ph.D.-Thesis verfolgt das Anliegen, die Herausforderungen des Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriffs in Deutschland aufzuzeigen, indem die Aspekte der Pflegebedürftigkeit von Pflegefachpersonen im ambulanten Setting im Hinblick auf deren Interaktion mit pflegebedürftigen Menschen empirisch erfasst und zu einem theoretischen Konzept ausgearbeitet werden. Zur methodischen Bearbeitung des Forschungsinteresses werden problemzzentrierte Interviews mit ambulanten Pflegefachpersonen geführt, die mit Rückbezug auf den Symbolischen Interaktionismus nach Herbert Blumer unter methodologischen und methodischen Gesichtspunkten mittels einer Grounded Theory nach Kathy Charmaz sowie Juliet Corbin und Anselm Strauss erhoben und ausgewertet werden. Dabei kommt ein reflexives-konstruktivistisches Forschen und Schreiben als Konsequenz der epistemologisch-methodologischen Fundierung der Autorin zur Anwendung.
Die erarbeitete Theorie beschreibt die Herausforderungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit aus Sicht der befragten Pflegefachpersonen. So werden in der Kernkategorie Aushandlungsprozesse in den Bereichen Nähe und Distanz, Anwaltschaft und Verantwortungsüberlassung sowie Ethos und Technokratie beschrieben. Sämtliche Aspekte zeigen auf, inwiefern der gesetzliche Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff zu Herausforderungen innerhalb der pflegerischen Arbeit führt. Die Ph.D.-Thesis liefert mit ihren Ergebnissen einen Beitrag zur Einordnung und Relevanz pflegerischer Beziehungsarbeit im Hinblick auf herrschende Rahmenbedingungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit und zeigt auf, inwiefern sich Interaktion und Kommunikation der Akteur*innen vor dem Anspruch individueller Pflege und dem deutschen ambulanten Pflegesystem wechselseitig bedingen. Sie liefert damit einen professionell und empirisch begründeten Ansatz für die Einschätzung und Bearbeitung von pflegefachlich erlebter Pflegebedürftigkeit.
Empirical studies in software engineering use software repositories as data sources to understand software development. Repository data is either used to answer questions that guide the decision-making in the software development, or to provide tools that help with practical aspects of developers’ everyday work. Studies are classified into the field of Empirical Software Engineering (ESE), and more specifically into Mining Software Repositories (MSR). Studies working with repository data often focus on their results. Results are statements or tools, derived from the data, that help with practical aspects of software development. This thesis focuses on the methods and high order methods used to produce such results. In particular, we focus on incremental methods to scale the processing of repositories, declarative methods to compose a heterogeneous analysis, and high order methods used to reason about threats to methods operating on repositories. We summarize this as technical and methodological improvements. We contribute the improvements to methods and high-order methods in the context of MSR/ESE to produce future empirical results more effectively. We contribute the following improvements. We propose a method to improve the scalability of functions that abstract over repositories with high revision count in a theoretically founded way. We use insights on abstract algebra and program incrementalization to define a core interface of highorder functions that compute scalable static abstractions of a repository with many revisions. We evaluate the scalability of our method by benchmarks, comparing a prototype with available competitors in MSR/ESE. We propose a method to improve the definition of functions that abstract over a repository with a heterogeneous technology stack, by using concepts from declarative logic programming and combining them with ideas on megamodeling and linguistic architecture. We reproduce existing ideas on declarative logic programming with languages close to Datalog, coming from architecture recovery, source code querying, and static program analysis, and transfer them from the analysis of a homogeneous to a heterogeneous technology stack. We provide a prove-of-concept of such method in a case study. We propose a high-order method to improve the disambiguation of threats to methods used in MSR/ESE. We focus on a better disambiguation of threats, operationalizing reasoning about them, and making the implications to a valid data analysis methodology explicit, by using simulations. We encourage researchers to accomplish their work by implementing ‘fake’ simulations of their MSR/ESE scenarios, to operationalize relevant insights about alternative plausible results, negative results, potential threats and the used data analysis methodologies. We prove that such way of simulation based testing contributes to the disambiguation of threats in published MSR/ESE research.
Nanoparticles are sensitive and robust systems; they are particularly reactive due to their large surface area and have properties that the bulk material does not have. At the same time, the production of nanoparticles is challenging, because even with the same parameters and conditions, the parameters can vary slightly from run to run. In order to avoid this, this work aims to develop a continuous synthesis in the microjet reactor for nanoceria. The aim is to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles that can be used in biosensors.
This work focuses on two precipitation syntheses with the intermediate steps of cerium carbonate and cerium hydroxide, as well as a microemulsion synthesis for the production of nanoceria. The cerium oxide nanoparticles are compared using different characterisation and application methods. The synthesised nanoparticles will be characterised with respect to their size, stability, chemical composition and catalytic capabilities, by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy.
The biosensor systems to evaluate the nanoceria are designed to detect histamine and glucose or hydrogen peroxide, which are resulting from the oxidation of histamine and glucose. Hydrogen peroxide and glucose are detected by an electrochemical sensor and histamine by a colorimetric sensor system.
Herein, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and shape analysis of in vivo bioproduced particles from aqueous Au3+ and Eu3+ solutions by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. are examined in detail at the nanoscale. Generally, biosynthesis is affected by numerous parameters. Therefore, it is challenging to find the key set points for generating tailored nanoparticles (NPs). PSDs and shape analysis of the Au and Eu-NPs were performed with ImageJ using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. As the HR-TEM image analysis reflects only a fraction of the detected NPs within the cells, additional PSDs of the complete cell were performed to determine the NP count and to evaluate the different accuracies. Furthermore, local PSDs were carried out at five randomly selected locations within a single cell to identify local hotspots or agglomerations. The PSDs show that particle size depends mainly on contact time, while the particle shape is hardly affected. The particles formed are distributed quite evenly within the cells. HR-PSDs for Au-NPs show an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of 8.4 nm (24 h) and 7.2 nm (51 h). In contrast, Eu-NPs preferably exhibit an average ECD of 10.6 nm (10 h) and 12.3 nm (244 h). Au-NPs are classified predominantly as “very round” with an average reciprocal aspect ratio (RAR) of ~0.9 and a Feret major axis ratio (FMR) of ~1.17. Eu-NPs mainly belong to the “rounded” class with a smaller RAR of ~0.6 and a FMR of ~1.3. These results show that an increase in contact time is not accompanied by an average particle growth for Au-NPs, but by a doubling of the particle number. Anabaena sp. is capable of biosorbing and bioreducing dissolved Au3+ and Eu3+ ions from aqueous solutions, generating nano-sized Au and Eu particles, respectively. Therefore, it is a low-cost, non-toxic and effective candidate for a rapid recovery of these sought-after metals via the bioproduction of NPs with defined sizes and shapes, providing a high potential for scale-up.
This thesis explores and examines the effectiveness and efficacy of traditional machine learning (ML), advanced neural networks (NN) and state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) models for identifying mental distress indicators from the social media discourses based on Reddit and Twitter as they are immensely used by teenagers. Different NLP vectorization techniques like TF-IDF, Word2Vec, GloVe, and BERT embeddings are employed with ML models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) followed by NN models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to methodically analyse their impact as feature representation of models. DL models such as BERT, DistilBERT, MentalRoBERTa and MentalBERT are end-to-end fine tuned for classification task. This thesis also compares different text preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, stopword removal and lemmatization to assess their impact on model performance. Systematic experiments with different configuration of vectorization and preprocessing techniques in accordance with different model types and categories have been implemented to find the most effective configurations and to gauge the strengths, limitations, and capability to detect and interpret the mental distress indicators from the text. The results analysis reveals that MentalBERT DL model significantly outperformed all other model types and categories due to its specific pretraining on mental data as well as rigorous end-to-end fine tuning gave it an edge for detecting nuanced linguistic mental distress indicators from the complex contextual textual corpus. This insights from the results acknowledges the ML and NLP technologies high potential for developing complex AI systems for its intervention in the domain of mental health analysis. This thesis lays the foundation and directs the future work demonstrating the need for collaborative approach of different domain experts as well as to explore next generational large language models to develop robust and clinically approved mental health AI systems.
Coat color and pattern are a distinguished feature in mammalian carnivores, shaped by climatic cycles and habitat type. It can be expressed in various ways, such as gradients, polymorphisms, and rare color variants. Although natural selection explains much of the phenotypic variation found in the wild, genetic drift and heterozygote deficiency, as prominent in small and fragmented populations, may also affect phenotypic variability through the fixation of recessive alleles. The aim of this study was to test whether rare color variants in the wild could relate to a deficiency of heterozygotes, resulting from habitat fragmentation and small population size. We present an overview of all rare color variants in the order Carnivora, and compiled demographic and genetic data of the populations where they did and did not occur, to test for significant correlations. We also tested how phylogeny and body weight influenced the presence of color variants with phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs). We found 40 color-variable species and 59 rare color variants. In 17 variable phenotypic populations for which genetic diversity was available, the average AR was 4.18, HO = 0.59, and HE= 0.66, and FIS= 0.086. We found that variable populations displayed a significant reduction in heterozygosity and allelic richness compared to non-variable populations across species. We also found a significant negative correlation between population size and inbreeding coefficients. Therefore, it is possible that small effective size had phenotypic consequences on the extant populations. The high frequency of the rare color variants (averaging 20%) also implies that genetic drift is locally overruling natural selection in small effective populations. As such, rare color variants could be added to the list of phenotypic consequences of inbreeding in the wild.
The production of isolated metallic nanoparticles with multifunctionalized properties, such as size and shape, is crucial for biomedical, photocatalytic, and energy storage or remediation applications. This study investigates the initial particle formations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bioproduced in the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images for digital image analysis. The developed method enabled the discovery of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs), which were biosynthesized in the cyanobacteria Calothrix desertica. The particle size distributions for AuNPs and CeNPs were analyzed. After 10 h, the average equivalent circular diameter for AuNPs was 4.8 nm, while for CeNPs, it was approximately 5.2 nm after 25 h. The initial shape of AuNPs was sub-round to round, while the shape of CeNPs was more roundish due to their amorphous structure and formation restricted to heterocysts. The local PSDs indicate that the maturation of AuNPs begins in the middle of vegetative cells and near the cell membrane, compared to the other regions of the cell.
Well-being is essential for all people. Therefore, important factors influencing people’s well-being must be investigated. Well-being is multifaceted and defined as, for example, psychological, emotional, mental, physical, or social well-being. Here, we focus on psychological well-being. The study aimed to analyze different aspects of connectedness as potential predictors of psychological well-being. For this purpose, we conducted a study examining the psychological well-being of 184 participants (130 women, 54 men, age: M = 31.39, SD = 15.24) as well as their connectedness with oneself (self-love), with others (prosocialness), with nature (nature connectedness), and with the transcendent (spirituality). First, significant positive correlations appeared between psychological well-being and self-love, nature connectedness, and spirituality. Furthermore, correlations between the four aspects of connectedness were significant, except for the relationship between self-love and prosocialness. A regression analysis revealed that self-love and nature connectedness positively predicted participants’ psychological well-being, while spirituality and prosocialness did not explain any incremental variance. The strong relationship between self-love and well-being was partly mediated by nature connectedness. Hence, self love, understood as a positive attitude of self-kindness, should be considered in more detail to enhance psychological well-being. Besides this, a more vital connectedness to the surrounding nature could benefit people’s well-being.
The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H24NO2)], which is produced by the oxidation of 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-ethyl-3-ferrocenylpyrrole, crystallizes as a racemic mixture in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The central heterocyclic pyrrole ring system subtends dihedral angles of 13.7 (2)° with respect to the attached cyclopentadienyl ring and of 43.6 (7)° with the major component of the disordered phenyl group bound to the N atom. The 4-tert-butylphenyl group, as well as the non-substituted Cp ring are disordered with s.o.f. values of 0.589 (16) and 0.411 (16), respectively. In the crystal, molecules with the same absolute configuration are linked into infinite chains along the b-axis direction by O—H···O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy substituent and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent molecule.
Classical music has played a central role in German music education since at least the second half of the 20th century. However, in more recent music pedagogical discourse, classical music remains a controversial topic. But what do music teachers think about classical music as a subject for music education? This topic has not yet been systematically researched in German-speaking music education.
In this qualitative-empirical study, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to address the question of how music teachers perceive classical music in music education. The data was evaluated using the Grounded Theory Methodology. The theory developed from the study indicates that music teachers have varying objectives when using classical music in music education. However, they generally consider it unfamiliar to their students. To address this situation, music teachers develop various methods and strategies. These can be categorized into three approaches for dealing with the unfamiliarity of classical music: avoidance, reduction/relativization, and utilization.
The study's findings are contextualized within the framework of foreignness theory, music didactics, and transformational educational theory. This dissertation contributes to the field of music education in classical music, laying the groundwork for further theoretical, empirical, and didactic research.
In dieser wiederkehrenden Zeitschriftenreihe wollen wir die Arbeit junger Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an der Universität Koblenz kommunizieren und Studierenden Austausch- und Publikationsmöglichkeiten für den wissenschaftlichen Werdegang eröffnen.
In dieser Ausgabe:
Christin Robrecht: Helfen kommt nach der Flut: Über die Ambivalenz situativ-nichtalltäglicher Dynamiken im Kontext der Flutkatastrophe im Ahrtal
Theresa Josephine Fischbach: Kontrollüberzeugung und Job Strain: Eine empirische Analyse verschiedener Ausprägungen von Job Strain aufgrund individueller Unterschiede der Kontrollüberzeugung
Rebekka Jachmig: Der Ukraine-Krieg im rechtspopulistischen Diskurs: Eine Analyse der Deutungsmuster von AfD-Politiker*innen
Hanna Schroer: Am Rande Galliens, inmitten der Welt: Eine Comicanalyse interkultureller Fremderfahrung am Beispiel der Comicserie Asterix
Lisa-Marie Schwab: Koloniale Spuren des Handels in Koblenz: Eine kritische Aufarbeitung
Jana Semrau: Okey-Doke: Political Critique in Spike Lee’s "BlacKkKlansman" (2018)
Anna Mira Olszewski: Of Wardrobes and Closets. A Lesson Plan on "Simon vs. Homo Sapiens Agenda" (2015) by Becky Albertalli
Marina Neuwert: Projektive Kommunikation von (Berufs-)Identität: Promotionsinteresse und Zukunftskarrieren bei Lehramtsstudierenden
Jan-Lukas Löwen: Zur Möglichkeit und Notwendigkeit der ästhetischen Erfahrung im Literaturunterricht
Malin Britz: Wearable Devices: Ein systemisches Review
This work addresses the challenge of calibrating multiple solid-state LIDAR systems. The study focuses on three different solid-state LIDAR sensors that implement different hardware designs, leading to distinct scanning patterns for each system. Consequently, detecting corresponding points between the point clouds generated by these LIDAR systems—as required for calibration—is a complex task. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a method that involves several steps. First, the measurement data are preprocessed to enhance its quality. Next, features are extracted from the acquired point clouds using the Fast Point Feature Histogram method, which categorizes important characteristics of the data. Finally, the extrinsic parameters are computed using the Fast Global Registration technique. The best set of parameters for the pipeline and the calibration success are evaluated using the normalized root mean square error. In a static real-world indoor scenario, a minimum root mean square error of 7 cm was achieved. Importantly, the paper demonstrates that the presented approach is suitable for online use, indicating its potential for real-time applications. By effectively calibrating the solid-state LIDAR systems and establishing point correspondences, this research contributes to the advancement of multi-LIDAR fusion and facilitates accurate perception and mapping in various fields such as autonomous driving, robotics, and environmental monitoring.
Focusing on the triangulation of detective fiction, masculinity studies and disability studies, "Investigating the Disabled Detective – Disabled Masculinity and Masculine Disability in Contemporary Detective Fiction" shows that disability challenges common ideals of (hegemonic) masculinity as represented in detective fiction. After a theoretical introduction to the relevant focal points of the three research fields, the dissertation demonstrates that even the archetypal detectives Dupin and Holmes undermine certain nineteenth-century masculine ideals with their peculiarities. Shifting to contemporary detective fiction and adopting a literary disability studies perspective, the dissertation investigates how male detectives with a form of neurodiversity or a physical impairment negotiate their masculine identity in light of their disability in private and professional contexts. It argues that the occupation as a detective supports the disabled investigator to achieve ‘masculine disability’. Inversing the term ‘disabled masculinity’, predominantly used in research, ‘masculine disability’ introduces a decisively gendered reading of neurodiversity and (acquired) physical impairment in contemporary detective fiction. The term implies that the disabled detective (re)negotiates his masculine identity by implementing the disability in his professional investigations and accepting it as an important, yet not defining, characteristic of his (gender) identity. By applying this approach to five novels from contemporary British and American detective fiction, the dissertation demonstrates that masculinity and disability do not negate each other, as commonly assumed. Instead, it emphasises that disability allows the detective, as much as the reader, to rethink masculinity.
Im Rahmen der Masterthesis „Analyse des Managements invasiver gebietsfremder Arten am Beispiel des Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses (Procambarus clarkii) während und im Anschluss an notwendige Sanierungsarbeiten am Hochwasserrückhaltebecken Breitenauer See östlich von Heilbronn“ wurde das Vorkommen des invasiven Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses am Breitenauer See umfangreich kartiert. Auch die nahegelegene Sulm mit bekanntem Vorkommen des Signalkrebses sowie das Nonnenbachsystem mit bekanntem Vorkommen des Steinkrebses wurden erfasst. Der Fokus lag auf der Beantwortung dreier Kernfragen. Zunächst wurde untersucht, ob und wie ein dauerhaftes IAS-Management (invasive alien species) des Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses am Breitenauer See nachhaltig durchgeführt werden kann, um inakzeptable ökologische Effekte zu vermeiden. Die zweite Fragestellung bezog sich auf die Wirksamkeit ergriffener Risikomanagementmaßnahmen während der Ablassaktion des Breitenauer Sees. Abschließend war fraglich, wie sich der Rote Amerikanische Sumpfkrebs verhält, wenn sein besiedeltes Gewässer trockenfällt.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation mit dem Titel "Blickanalysen bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben" wird eine Analyse der visuellen Verarbeitungsprozesse bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben mittels Eye-Tracking-Technologie durchgeführt, um die zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse und Strategien, die bei der Lösung dieser Aufgaben angewandt werden, zu untersuchen. Ein Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, die Problemstellung zu adressieren, wie individuelle Unterschiede, insbesondere geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen in den Blickmustern, die visuelle Verarbeitung und Leistung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben beeinflussen. Hierzu wurden drei Studien durchgeführt, die nicht nur die Identifikation von Blickmustern und die Analyse der Leistungsunterschiede in Bezug auf Geschlecht umfassen, sondern auch die Korrelation zwischen Blickverhalten und Leistung untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung bieten Einblicke in die Mechanismen der visuellen und kognitiven Verarbeitung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben und heben die Bedeutung des Eye-Tracking als Forschungsinstrument in der kognitiven Psychologie hervor, um ein umfassendes Verständnis der Einflussfaktoren auf räumliches Denken und Problemlösungsstrategien zu erlangen.
Diese Dissertation widmet sich der inhaltsanalytischen, quantitativen Analyse der Kompilation Disney Princess durch die Anwendung der Theorie des male gaze von Laura Mulvey, welche sie in Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975) sowie Afterthoughts on `Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema‘ inspired by King Vidor´s Duel in the Sun (1946) (1981) darstellte.
Die Autorin der Dissertation nutzt die quantitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Patrick Rössler, um die Filme der Kompilation Disney Princess aus den Jahren 1937 bis 2016 sowie den Film Die Eiskönigin (2013) auf die Darstellung der weiblich und männlich gelesenen Filmfiguren im Hinblick auf die Körperproportionen, den Grad ihrer Aktivität und den Umfang ihrer Präsenz sowie das Geschlecht der Filmmitarbeiter:innen zu untersuchen.
X-ray computed tomography (XRT) is a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive, and reproducible investigation method capable of visualizing and examining internal and external structures of components independent of the material and geometry. In this work, XRT with its unique abilities complements conventionally utilized examination methods for the investigation of microstructure weakening induced by hydrogen corrosion and furthermore provides a new approach to corrosion research. The motivation for this is the current inevitable transformation to hydrogen-based steel production. Refractories of the system Al2O3-SiO2 are significant as lining materials. Two exemplary material types A and B, which differ mainly in their Al2O3:SiO2 ratio, are examined here using XRT. Identical samples of the two materials are measured, analyzed, and then compared before and after hydrogen attack. In this context, hydrogen corrosion-induced porosity and its spatial distribution and morphology are investigated. The results show that sample B has an higher resistance to hydrogen-induced attack than sample A. Furthermore, the 3D-representation revealed a differential porosity increase within the microstructure.
The biodegradable polymers polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from renewable raw materials were coated with hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers (a-C:H) at different deposition angles with various thicknesses as part of this thesis. Similar to conventional polymers, biopolymers often have unsuitable surface properties for industrial purposes, e.g. low hardness. For some applications, it is therefore necessary and advantageous to modify the surface properties of biopolymers while retaining the main properties of the substrate material. A suitable surface modification is the deposition of thin a-C:H layers. Their properties depend essentially on the sp² and sp³ hybridization ratio of the carbon atoms and the content of hydrogen atoms. The sp²/sp³ ratio was to be controlled in the present work by varying the coating geometry. Since coatings at 0°, directly in front of the plasma source, contain a higher percentage of sp³ and indirectly coated (180°) a higher amount of sp², it is shown in this work that it is possible to control the sp²/sp³ ratio. For this purpose, the samples are placed in front of the plasma source at angles of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180° and coated for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 minutes. For the angles 0°, the layer thicknesses were 25, 50, 75 and 100 nm. The a-C:H layers were all deposited using radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and acetylene as C and H sources after being pretreated with an oxygen plasma for 10 minutes. Following the O₂ treatment and the a-C:H deposition, the surfaces are examined using macroscopic and microscopic measurement methods and the data is then analyzed. The surface morphology is recorded using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, data on the stability of the layer and the surface roughness can be collected. Contact angle (CA) measurements are used to determine not only the wettability, but also the contact angle hysteresis by pumping the drop volume up and down. By measuring the CA with different liquids and comparing them, the surface free energy (SFE) and its polar and disperse components are determined. The changes in barrier properties are verified by water vapor transmission rate tests (WVTR). The chemical analysis of the surface is carried out on the one hand by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with specular reflection and on the other hand by synchrotron-supported techniques such as near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When analyzing the surfaces after the O₂ treatment, which was initially assumed to serve only to clean and activate the surface for the a-C:H coating, it was found that the changes were more drastic than originally assumed. For example, if PLA is treated at 0° for 10 minutes, the roughness increases fivefold. As the angle increases, it decreases again until it returns to the initial value at 180°. This can be recognized to a lesser extent with PHB at 30°. For both polymers, it can be shown that the polar fraction of the SFE increases. In the WVTR, a decrease in permeability can be observed for PLA and an increase in the initial value for PHB. The chemical surface analysis shows that the O₂ treatment has little effect on the surface bonds. Overall, it can be shown in this work that the O₂ treatment has an effect on the properties of the surface and cannot be regarded exclusively as a cleaning and activation process. With direct a-C:H coating (at 0°), a layer failure due to internal stress can be observed for both PLA and PHB. This also occurs with PHB at 30°, but to a lesser extent. Permeability of the polymers is reduced by 47% with a five-minute coating and the layer at 10.0 minutes continues to have this effect despite cracks appearing. The application of a-C:H layers shows a dominance of sp³ bonds for both polymer types with direct coating. This decreases with increasing angle and sp² bonds become dominant for indirect coatings. This result is similar for all coating thicknesses, only the angle at which the change of the dominant bond takes place is different. It is shown that it is possible to control the surface properties by an angle-dependent coating and thus to control the ratio sp²/sp³.
In international business relationships, such as international railway operations, large amounts of data can be exchanged among the parties involved. For the exchange of such data, a limited risk of being cheated by another party, e.g., by being provided with fake data, as well as reasonable cost and a foreseeable benefit, is expected. As the exchanged data can be used to make critical business decisions, there is a high incentive for one party to manipulate the data in its favor. To prevent this type of manipulation, mechanisms exist to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data. In combination with a fair exchange protocol, it can be ensured that the integrity and authenticity of this data is maintained even when it is exchanged with another party. At the same time, such a protocol ensures that the exchange of data only takes place in conjunction with the agreed compensation, such as a payment, and that the payment is only made if the integrity and authenticity of the data is ensured as previously agreed. However, in order to be able to guarantee fairness, a fair exchange protocol must involve a trusted third party. To avoid fraud by a single centralized party acting as a trusted third party, current research proposes decentralizing the trusted third party, e.g., by using a distributed ledger based fair exchange protocol. However, for assessing the fairness of such an exchange, state-of-the-art approaches neglect costs arising for the parties conducting the fair exchange. This can result in a violation of the outlined expectation of reasonable cost, especially when distributed ledgers are involved, which are typically associated with non-negligible costs. Furthermore, the performance of typical distributed ledger-based fair exchange protocols is limited, posing an obstacle to widespread adoption.
To overcome the challenges, in this thesis, we introduce the foundation for a data exchange platform allowing for a fully decentralized fair data exchange with reasonable cost and performance. As a theoretical foundation, we introduce the concept of cost fairness, which considers cost for the fairness assessment by requesting that a party following the fair exchange protocol never suffers any unilateral disadvantages. We prove that cost fairness cannot be achieved using typical public distributed ledgers but requires customized distributed ledger instances, which usually lack complete decentralization. However, we show that the highest unilateral cost are caused by a grieving attack.
To allow fair data exchanges to be conducted with reasonable cost and performance, we introduce FairSCE, a distributed ledger-based fair exchange protocol using distributed ledger state channels and incorporating a mechanism to protect against grieving attacks, reducing the possible unilateral cost that have to be covered to a minimum. Based on our evaluation of FairSCE, the worst-case cost for data exchange, even in the presence of malicious parties, is known, which allows an estimate of the possible benefit and, thus, the preliminary estimate of economic utility. Furthermore, to allow for an unambiguous assessment of the correct data being transferred while still allowing for sensitive parts of the data to be masked, we introduce an approach for the hashing of hierarchically structured data, which can be used to ensure integrity and authenticity of the data being transferred.
Degenerative changes in the spine as well as back pain can be considered a common ailment. Incorrect loading of the lumbar spine structures is often considered as one of the factors that can accelerate degenerative processes, leading to back pain. For example, a degenerative change could be the occurrence of spinal stenosis following spondylolisthesis. Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis mainly focuses on decompressing the spinal canal with or without additional fusion through dorsal spondylodesis. There are differing opinions on whether fusion along with decompression provides potential benefits to patients or represents an overtreatment. Both conventional therapies and surgical methods aim to restore a “healthy” (or at least pain-free) distribution of load. Surprisingly little is known about the interindividual variability of load distribution in “healthy” lumbar spines. Since medical imaging does not provide information on internal forces, computer simulation of individual patients could be a tool to gain a set of new decision criteria for these cases. The advantage lies in calculating the internal load distribution, which is not feasible in in-vivo studies, as measurements of internal forces in living subjects are ethically and partially technically unfeasible. In the present research, the forward dynamic approach is used to calculate load distribution in multi-body models of individual lumbar spines. The work is structured into three parts: (I) Load distribution is quantified depending on the individual curvature of the lumbar spine. (II) Confidence intervals of the instantaneous center of rotation over time are determined, with which the motion behavior of healthy lumbar spines can be described. (III) Lastly, the effects of decompression surgeries on the load distribution of lumbar spines are determined.
How to begin? This short question addresses a problem that is anything but simple, especially when regarding something as sophisticated and multilayered as musical theatre. However, scholars of this vast research area have mostly neglected this question so far. This study analyses and compares the initial sections of late Victorian popular musical theatre and is therefore a contribution to several fields of research: the analysis of initial sections of musical theatre in general, the analysis of the music of popular musical theatre in particular, and therefore operetta studies. The 1890s are especially interesting times for popular musical theatre in London: The premiered works include the last collaborations of Gilbert and Sullivan as well as offshoots of Savoy opera; but the so-called ‘naughty nineties’ also saw the emergence of a new genre, musical comedy, which captured the late Victorian zeitgeist like no other. This new form of theatrical entertainment was carefully and consciously constructed and promoted as modern and fashionable, walking a fine line between respectability and mildly risqué excitement.
Because a deep understanding of the developments and new tendencies concerning popular musical theatre in the 1890s is crucial in order to interpret differences as well as similarities, the analyses of the opening numbers are preceded by a detailed discussion of the relevant genres: comic opera, musical comedy, musical play and operetta. Since the producers of the analysed works wanted to distance themselves from former and supposedly old-fashioned traditions, this book also considers influences from their British predecessors, but also from Viennese operetta and French opéra bouffe.
Reducing gender bias in STEM is key to generating more equality and contributing to a more balanced workforce in this field. Spatial ability and its components are cognitive processes crucial to success in STEM education and careers. Significant gender differences have consistently been found in mental rotation (MR), the ability to mentally transform two- and three-dimensional objects. The aim of this pilot study is to examine factors in psychological assessment which may contribute to gender differences in MR performance. Moreover, findings will inform the development of the new approaches to assessment using computer adaptive testing (CAT). (1) Background: The study examines the impact of emotional regulation on MR performance in primary school children whose mean age was 9.28 years old. (2) Methods: Skin conductance was measured to assess the impact of emotional reactivity (ER) on performance during an MR task. (3) Results: Patterns of ER influence response time (RT) on specific items in the task. (4) Conclusions: Identifying the effects of emotional arousal and issues of test construction such as stereotyped stimuli and item difficulty in tests of spatial ability warrants ongoing investigation. It is vital to ensure that these factors do not compromise the accurate measurement of performance and inadvertently contribute to the gender gap in STEM.
Examining the role of post-event processing in test anxiety—Pilot testing in three student samples
(2024)
This work investigates the occurrence of post-event processing (PEP) in the context of test anxiety; PEP involves rumination and self-critical thinking following an event and commonly observed in social anxiety. Three short-term longitudinal studies in student samples examined whether PEP occurs after exams and how it is associated with test anxiety. University students (N =35 in Study 1, N =146 in Study 2, and N =37 in Study 3) completed measures of trait and state test anxiety before an actual exam; PEP related to the exam was assessed at various time points afterward. Results revealed that PEP occurred to a meaningful extent after exam situations. Overall, it was positively associated with trait and state test anxiety, although some variations in the relations were found across the three studies. These findings underscore the relevance of PEP in the context of test anxiety, as PEP might contribute to maintaining test anxiety in the long term. Implications for future studies are discussed.
The goal of this PhD thesis is to investigate possibilities of using symbol elimination for solving problems over complex theories and analyze the applicability of such uniform approaches in different areas of application, such as verification, knowledge representation and graph theory. In the thesis we propose an approach to symbol elimination in complex theories that follows the general idea of combining hierarchical reasoning with symbol elimination in standard theories. We analyze how this general approach can be specialized and used in different areas of application.
In the verification of parametric systems it is important to prove that certain safety properties hold. This can be done by showing that a property is an inductive invariant of the system, i.e. it holds in the initial state of the system and is invariant under updates of the system. Sometimes this is not the case for the condition itself, but for a stronger condition it is. In this thesis we propose a method for goal-directed invariant strengthening.
In knowledge representation we often have to deal with huge ontologies. Combining two ontologies usually leads to new consequences, some of which may be false or undesired. We are interested in finding explanations for such unwanted consequences. For this we propose a method for computing interpolants in the description logics EL and EL⁺, based on a translation to the theory of semilattices with monotone operators and a certain form of interpolation in this theory.
In wireless network theory one often deals with classes of geometric graphs in which the existence or non-existence of an edge between two vertices in a graph relies on properties on their distances to other nodes. One possibility to prove properties of those graphs or to analyze relations between the graph classes is to prove or disprove that one graph class is contained in the other. In this thesis we propose a method for checking inclusions between geometric graph classes.
Recent studies show that biofilm substances in contact with nanoplastics play an important role in the aggregation and sedimentation of nanoplastics. Consequences of these processes are changes in biofilm formation and stability and changes in the transport and fate of pollutants in the environment. Having a deeper understanding of the nanoplastics–biofilm interaction would help to evaluate the risks posed by uncontrolled nanoplastic pollution. These interactions are impacted by environmental changes due to climate change, such as, e.g., the acidification of surface waters. We apply fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate the pH-dependent aggregation tendency of non-functionalized polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) due to intermolecular forces with model extracellular biofilm substances. Our biofilm model consists of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which serves as a representative for globular proteins, and the polysaccharide alginate, which is a main component in many biofilms, in solutions containing Na+ with an ionic strength being realistic for fresh-water conditions. Biomolecule concentrations ranging from 0.5 g/L up to at maximum 21 g/L are considered. We use non-functionalized PS NPs as representative for mostly negatively charged nanoplastics. BSA promotes NP aggregation through adsorption onto the NPs and BSA-mediated bridging. In BSA–alginate mixtures, the alginate hampers this interaction, most likely due to alginate–BSA complex formation. In most BSA–alginate mixtures as in alginate alone, NP aggregation is predominantly driven by weaker, pH-independent depletion forces. The stabilizing effect of alginate is only weakened at high BSA contents, when the electrostatic BSA–BSA attraction is not sufficiently screened by the alginate. This study clearly shows that it is crucial to consider correlative effects between multiple biofilm components to better understand the NP aggregation in the presence of complex biofilm substances. Single-component biofilm model systems based on comparing the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extracellular biofilm substances, as usually considered, would have led to a misjudgment of the stability towards aggregation.
Die Untersuchung der Erwartungen und Anforderungen der Generation Z an Führungskräfte ist sowohl praktisch als auch wissenschaftlich von hoher Relevanz. Praktisch gesehen erfordert der Fachkräftemangel in Deutschland und die veränderten Vorstellungen der Generation Z ein Umdenken bei Führungskräften. Wissenschaftlich besteht eine Forschungslücke, da traditionelle Führungstheorien oft nicht mehr zeitgemäß sind und spezifische Studien zu den Präferenzen der Generation Z fehlen.
Ziel der Masterthesis ist es, diese Lücke durch qualitative Experteninterviews zu schließen und neue Erkenntnisse über die Ansichten der Generation Z zu gewinnen. Dabei sollen Unternehmen unterstützt werden, junge Fachkräfte langfristig zu gewinnen.
Die Methode umfasst eine qualitative Studie mit 14 Interviewpartnern, darunter Mitarbeiter der Generation Z und Führungskräfte. Die semistrukturierten Interviews wurden transkribiert und mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring und der Software MAXQDA ausgewertet. Induktiv wurden Kategorien aus dem Material gebildet.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Generation Z authentische, empathische Führung und klare Perspektiven erwartet. Hauptkategorien wie Organisation, soziale Kompetenz, Teamfähigkeit und zukunftsfähige Wege wurden identifiziert. Beide Gruppen betonen die Bedeutung von Befähigung, regelmäßiger Kommunikation, Fairness und Transparenz.
Praktisch implizieren die Ergebnisse, dass Unternehmen praktische Maßnahmen und Weiterentwicklungen vornehmen müssen, um den Bedürfnissen der jungen Generation gerecht zu werden. Für die Forschung bietet die Studie eine Basis für weiterführende quantitative Untersuchungen und ein konzeptionelles Framework zur Darstellung der wichtigsten Kategorien und ihrer Zusammenhänge.
Predictive Process Monitoring is becoming more prevalent as an aid for organizations to support their operational processes. However, most software applications available today require extensive technical know-how by the operator and are therefore not suitable for most real-world scenarios. Therefore, this work presents a prototype implementation of a Predictive Process Monitoring dashboard in the form of a web application. The system is based on the PPM Camunda Plugin presented by Bartmann et al. (2021) and allows users to easily create metrics, visualizations to display these metrics, and dashboards in which visualizations can be arranged. A usability test is with test users of different computer skills is conducted to confirm the application’s user-friendliness.
Challenges of Implementing Innovation Strategies at Large Organizations: A case of Lotte Group
(2023)
For many decades, one of the most important focuses of research has been on determining whether or not there is a correlation between the size of an organization and its level of innovation. Unlike small companies, large companies often have well-established structure that are hard to change and change managements seems to be much more difficult especially related to innovation. Nevertheless, there are many examples to prove the opposites. Some large organization like Apple, Amazon... always show great innovation efforts and keep changing in a much positive way. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to discuss of how large organization can be able to implement innovation when having much drawbacks compare to SMEs. Through the use of a qualitative research approach, researcher was able to explore essential information on the innovation strategies that large companies are using in order to innovate and how they could overcome existing challenges by studying the working process of Lotte Group – one of the biggest companies in Korea.
In the last decade, policy-makers around the world have turned their attention toward the creative industry as the economic engine and significant driver of employments. Yet, the literature suggests that creative workers are one of the most vulnerable work-forces of today’s economy. Because of the highly deregulated and highly individuated environment, failure or success are believed to be the byproduct of individual ability and commitment, rather than a structural or collective issue. This thesis taps into the temporal, spatial, and social resolution of digital behavioural data to show that there are indeed structural and historical issues that impact individuals’ and
groups’ careers. To this end, this thesis offers a computational social science research framework that brings together the decades-long theoretical and empirical knowledge of inequality studies, and computational methods that deal with the complexity and scale of digital data. By taking music industry and science as use cases, this thesis starts off by proposing a novel gender detection method that exploits image search and face-detection methods.
By analysing the collaboration patterns and citation networks of male and female computer scientists, it sheds lights on some of the historical biases and disadvantages that women face in their scientific career. In particular, the relation of scientific success and gender-specific collaboration patterns is assessed. To elaborate further on the temporal aspect of inequalities in scientific careers, this thesis compares the degree of vertical and horizontal inequalities among the cohorts of scientists that started their career at different point in time. Furthermore, the structural inequality in music industry is assessed by analyzing the social and cultural relations that breed from live performances and musics releases. The findings hint toward the importance of community belonging at different stages of artists’ careers. This thesis also quantifies some of the underlying mechanisms and processes of inequality, such as the Matthew Effect and the Hipster Paradox, in creative careers. Finally, this thesis argues that online platforms such as Wikipedia could reflect and amplify the existing biases.
The diversity within amphibian communities in cultivated areas in Rwanda and within two selected, taxonomically challenging groups, the genera Ptychadena and Hyperolius, were investigated in this thesis. The amphibian community of an agricultural wetland near Butare in southern Rwanda comprised 15 anuran species. Rarefaction and jackknife analyses corroborated that the complete current species richness of the assemblage had been recorded, and the results of acoustic niche analysis suggested species saturation of the community. Surveys at many other Rwandan localities showed that the species recorded in Butare are widespread in cultivated and pristine wetlands. The species were readily distinguishable using morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular (DNA barcoding) features, but only eight of the 15 species could be assigned unambiguously to nominal species. The remaining represented undescribed or currently unrecognized taxa, including three species of Hyperolius, two Phrynobatrachus species, one Ptychadena species, and one species of Amietia. The diversity of the Ridged Frogs in Rwanda was investigated in two studies (Chapters III and IV). Three species of Ptychadena were recorded in wetlands in the catchment of the Nile. They can be distinguished by morphological characters (morphometrics and qualitative features) as well as by their advertisement calls and genetics. The Rwandan species of the P. mascareniensis group was shown to differ from the topotypic population as well as from other genetic lineages in sub-Saharan Africa and an old available name, P. nilotica, was resurrected from synonymy for this lineage. Two further Ptychadena species were identified among voucher specimens from Rwanda deposited in the collection of the RMCA, P. chrysogaster and P. uzungwensis. Morphologically they can be unambiguously distinguished from each other and the three other Rwandan species. A key based on qualitative morphological characters was developed, which allows unequivocal identification of specimens of all species that have been recorded from Rwanda. DNA was isolated from a Rwandan voucher specimen of P. chrysogaster, and the genetic analysis corroborated the species" distinct status.
A species of Hyperolius collected in the Nyungwe National Park was compared to all other Rwandan species of the genus and to morphologically or genetically similar species from neighbouring countries. Its distinct taxonomic status was justified by morphological, bioacoustic, and molecular evidence and it was described as a new species, H. jackie. A species of the H. nasutus group collected at agricultural sites in Rwanda was described as a new species in the course of a revision of the species of the Hyperolius nasutus group. The group was shown to consist of 15 distinct species which can be distinguished from each other genetically, bioacoustically, and morphologically.
The aerial performance, i.e. parachuting, of the Disc-fingered Reed Frog, Hyperolius discodactylus, was described. It represents a novel observation of a behaviour that has been known from a number of Southeast Asian and Neotropical frog species. Parachuting frogs, including H. discodactylus, exhibit certain morphological characteristics and, while airborne, assume a distinct posture which is best-suited for maneuvering in the air. Another study on the species addressed the validity of the taxon H. alticola which had been considered either a synonym of H. discodactylus or a distinct species. Type material of both taxa was re-examined and the status of H. alticola reassessed using morphological data from historic and new collections, call recordings, and molecular data from animals collected on recent expeditions. A northern and a southern genetic clade were identified, a divide that is weakly supported by diverging morphology of the vouchers from the respective localities. No distinction in advertisement call features could be recovered to support this split and both genetic and morphological differences between the two geographic clades are marginal and not always congruent and more likely reflect population-level variation. Therefore it was concluded that H. alticola is not a valid taxon and should be treated as a synonym of H. discodactylus.
On the recognition of human activities and the evaluation of its imitation by robotic systems
(2023)
This thesis addresses the problem of action recognition through the analysis of human motion and the benchmarking of its imitation by robotic systems.
For our action recognition related approaches, we focus on presenting approaches that generalize well across different sensor modalities. We transform multivariate signal streams from various sensors to a common image representation. The action recognition problem on sequential multivariate signal streams can then be reduced to an image classification task for which we utilize recent advances in machine learning. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our approaches formulated as a supervised classification task for action recognition, a semi-supervised classification task for one-shot action recognition, modality fusion and temporal action segmentation.
For action classification, we use an EfficientNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to classify the image representations of various data modalities. Further, we present approaches for filtering and the fusion of various modalities on a representation level. We extend the approach to be applicable for semi-supervised classification and train a metric-learning model that encodes action similarity. During training, the encoder optimizes the distances in embedding space for self-, positive- and negative-pair similarities. The resulting encoder allows estimating action similarity by calculating distances in embedding space. At training time, no action classes from the test set are used.
Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) generalized the concept of CNNs to non-Euclidean data structures and showed great success for action recognition directly operating on spatio-temporal sequences like skeleton sequences. GCNs have recently shown state-of-the-art performance for skeleton-based action recognition but are currently widely neglected as the foundation for the fusion of various sensor modalities. We propose incorporating additional modalities, like inertial measurements or RGB features, into a skeleton-graph, by proposing fusion on two different dimensionality levels. On a channel dimension, modalities are fused by introducing additional node attributes. On a spatial dimension, additional nodes are incorporated into the skeleton-graph.
Transformer models showed excellent performance in the analysis of sequential data. We formulate the temporal action segmentation task as an object detection task and use a detection transformer model on our proposed motion image representations. Experiments for our action recognition related approaches are executed on large-scale publicly available datasets. Our approaches for action recognition for various modalities, action recognition by fusion of various modalities, and one-shot action recognition demonstrate state-of-the-art results on some datasets.
Finally, we present a hybrid imitation learning benchmark. The benchmark consists of a dataset, metrics, and a simulator integration. The dataset contains RGB-D image sequences of humans performing movements and executing manipulation tasks, as well as the corresponding ground truth. The RGB-D camera is calibrated against a motion-capturing system, and the resulting sequences serve as input for imitation learning approaches. The resulting policy is then executed in the simulated environment on different robots. We propose two metrics to assess the quality of the imitation. The trajectory metric gives insights into how close the execution was to the demonstration. The effect metric describes how close the final state was reached according to the demonstration. The Simitate benchmark can improve the comparability of imitation learning approaches.
Antonio Lotti und seine liturgische Kirchenmusik – Vorstudien zu Biographie und Überlieferung
(2023)
Antonio Lotti (1667-1740) gehört zu den venezianischen Komponisten, die in der älteren wie der neueren Fachliteratur ein hohes Ansehen genießen, obwohl seine Werke bis heute nur wenig bekannt sind. Eine unklare Überlieferungslage, aber auch sachfremde ästhetische Postulate verzögerten jedoch die Auseinandersetzung mit Lottis Kompositionen. Erst in neuerer Zeit gab es ein verstärktes Interesse sowohl an seinen Opern und vokaler Kammermusik als auch an seiner Kirchenmusik.
In der vorliegenden Studie wird zunächst Lottis Biographie unter Einbeziehung neuer Quellenfunde auf dem aktuellen Stand des Wissens zusammenfassend dargestellt. Der zweite Teil bietet erstmals eine Identifikation von Lottis Buchstaben- und Notenschrift nach streng philologischen Kriterien. Angesichts des nicht mehr erhaltenen Nachlasses ist dieser Teil von besonderer Bedeutung, bietet er doch die unverzichtbare Basis zur weiteren Erforschung von Lottis Kirchenmusik, ihrer Überlieferung und Faktur.
In dieser wiederkehrenden Zeitschriftenreihe wollen wir die Arbeit junger Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an der Universität Koblenz kommunizieren und Studierenden Austausch- und Publikationsmöglichkeiten für den wissenschaftlichen Werdegang eröffnen.
In dieser Ausgabe:
Helena Juliane Hoppe: Soziale Konstruktionen von Autismus-Spektrum-Störung in Spielfilmen
Giana Björkskog: Vereinbarkeit von Wissenschaft und Mutterschaft - Die
Bedeutung von digitalen wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchsförderungsangeboten für die Vereinbarkeit von Wissenschaft und Mutterschaft
Erik Eichelbaum: “You will never have me” - The Male Gaze and the
Deconstruction of Gender Norms in "Lost Highway"
Kira Rosalin Jung: Die Bibel erzählt - Biblisches Lernen im Religionsunterricht
Eric Amann: Prototyping of a Predictive Process Monitoring Dashboard
Stefan Hill: Inter-case predictive process monitoring - A comparison
between quantum and classical computational methods
Satzung zur Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung in Studium und Lehre der Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau in Landau
Satzung über die Verleihung der Bezeichnung außerplanmäßige Professorin oder außerplanmäßiger Professor der Universität Koblenz
Satzung der Kommission für Ethik und doppelverwendungsfähige Forschung des Senats der Universität Koblenz
Teil-Grundordnung für die Vergabe von Leistungsbezügen sowie Forschungs- und Lehrzulagen der Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
Teilgrundordnung für das Qualitätssicherungssystem nach § 5 HochSchG an der Universität Koblenz
Ordnung zur Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung in Studium und Lehre an der Universität Koblenz
Sechzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang Berufsbildende Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Siebzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang Berufsbildende Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Fünfzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Masterstudiengang Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Sechszehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Masterstudiengang Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Sechsundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen
Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz und
der Hochschule Koblenz
Siebenundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen
Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz und
der Hochschule Koblenz
Richtlinie der Universität Koblenz zur Einrichtung, Ausschreibung und Besetzung von Professuren und
Juniorprofessuren (Berufungsrichtlinie)
Satzung und Qualitätssicherungskonzept der Universität Koblenz zur Einrichtung, Ausschreibung und Besetzung von Juniorprofessuren (W1) mit und ohne Tenure-Track sowie zur Besetzung von Professuren
unter Verzicht auf eine Ausschreibung (Tenure-Satzung)
Benutzungsordnung der Universitätsbibliothek
Bibliotheksordnung der Universität Koblenz
FinTech is deemed to be an underexplored phenomenon even in academic and real environments. Among (1) “Sustainable FinTech” – the application of information technology as innovation in established financial services providers’ business operation; and (2) “Disruptive FinTech” – the provision of financial products and services by non-incumbents which in most cases are information technology entrepreneurs, the former receives more attention. In order to contribute to Disruptive FinTech category, the thesis strive to examine Entrepreneurial Strategy framework applied for technology players taking part in Vietnam financial market.
Digital Transformation Maturity of Vietnam Aviation Industry: The Effect of Organizational Readiness
(2023)
The paper studies the digital transformation maturity in the context of the aviation industry in Vietnam. Digital transformation can mean enhancing existing processes, finding new opportunities within existing business domains, or finding new opportunities outside existing business domains. In the era of post Covid-19, digital transformation will play a vital role in the recovery with the support from digital technology to leverage the communication and implementation of new projects or changes.
Digital transformation and digital transformation maturity sometimes are used indistinguishing, but they are two different definitions. This paper will further explain the differences and will apply digital transformation maturity as a scale for the digital transformation in the report.
Due to the lack of experiment in the relationship between digital transformation maturity and the organizational readiness, the study will explore four components of organizational readiness, including digital leadership, digital culture, digital capabilities, and digital partnering.
The paper is a study focusing on exploring which factors and examining the impact of those factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention among students in the Construction industry, specifically among students of Hanoi Construction University and Hanoi Architecture University. The study also mentions some solution of this findings for entrepreneurship in the Construction field in Vietnam that the author might think of based on this research work for future study. The Theory of planned behavior is used as the theoritical framework for this study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. The questionaire will be conducted among students of the two universities mentioned above. Then, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) will performed to test the validity of the constructs. The research findings provide factors and their impact factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention and propose some solutions to improve the entrepreneurship in the Construction field in Vietnam.
Digital transformation is a prevailing trend in the world, especially in dynamic Asia. Vietnam has recorded remarkable changes in the economy as domestic enterprises have made new strides in the digital transformation process. MB Bank, one of the prestigious financial groups in Vietnam, also takes advantage of digital transformation to have the opportunity to break through to become a large-scale technology enterprise with many factors such as improving customer experience, increasing customer base and increasing customer satisfaction. enhance competitiveness, build trust and loyalty for customers. However, in the process of converting MB, there are also many challenges that require banks to have appropriate policies to handle. It can be said that MB Bank is a typical case study of digital transformation in the banking sector in Vietnam.
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Zweite Ordnung zur Änderung der Gemeinsamen Prüfungsordnung für die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge des
Fachbereichs Informatik an der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 03. August 2022
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Dreiundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz
vom 19. September 2022
Einschreibeordnung der Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
Satzung der Rheinland-Pfälzisch Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau über das Auswahlverfahren in zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen (Auswahlsatzung)
Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Promotionsprojekts wird untersucht, welche Körperideologien in den drei unterschiedlichen Sportfeldern Hochleistungs-, Gesundheits- sowie Erlebnis- bzw. Funsport gegeben sind und welchen gesellschaftswirksamen Einfluss diese Ideologien aufweisen. Im Rahmen der zentralen Forschungsfrage wird des Weiteren erforscht, welche diskursiven Mittel bei Körperideologien im Sportbereich eingesetzt werden, welche Formationen in Bezug auf den Gegenstand, welche Äußerungsmodalitäten, Begrifflichkeiten und Strategien dem Diskurs zugrundeliegen und wer als TrägerIn oder AdressatIn des Diskurses identifiziert werden kann. Außerdem steht die Fragestellung im Fokus, welche Bezüge zu anderen Diskursen bestehen und um welche Diskurse es sich dabei handelt. Körperideologien des Sports werden in diesem Zusammenhang als Vorstellungen von einem (idealen) Körper betrachtet, welche durch den Sport übertragen und in der Gesellschaft verbreitet werden. Dabei wird zunächst der Begriff der Ideologie theoretisch hergeleitet und definiert sowie im Hinblick auf die vorliegende Arbeit als Weltdeutung mit einem Anspruch auf Alleinvertretung aufgefasst. Des Weiteren wird die Gouvernementalitätstheorie von Foucault aufgegriffen und für die Identifizierung der Macht- und Herrschaftsstrukturen in Bezug auf die untersuchten Körperideologien herangezogen. Dabei geht es darum, inwieweit die durch den Sport übermittelten Körperideologien dazu geeignet sind, in einem gouvernementalitätstheoretischen Sinne Führung zur Selbstführung zu ermöglichen. In einer sportsoziologischen Hinsicht beinhaltet der Sport leistungsbezogene Eigenschaften, welche in auf Effektivität abzielenden wirtschaftlichen Prozessen eine grundlegende Voraussetzung darstellen. Im Rahmen der Studie werden für jeden der drei genannten Sportbereiche jeweils zwei Individualsportarten ausgewählt, bei welchen die fokussierten Körperideologien untersucht werden. Während im Bereich des Hochleistungssports Schwimmen und Biathlon und im Bereich des Gesundheitssports Nordic Walking sowie Pilates betrachtet werden, stellen Stand Up Paddling und Parkour die fokussierten Sportarten im Bereich des Fun- bzw. Erlebnissports dar. Für die vorliegende Untersuchung kommt das Verfahren der kritischen Diskursanalyse (KDA) von Jäger zur Anwendung, da dieses für die Rekonstruktion von ideologischen Diskursen geeignet erscheint. Hierfür werden aus den drei Sportbereichen sowohl Print- als auch Onlinepublikationen sondiert und anhand von Strukturanalysen hinsichtlich verschiedener formaler und inhaltlicher Charakteristika untersucht. Des Weiteren wird mit Hilfe der tiefergehenden Feinanalyse jeweils ein Artikel pro Sportart explorativ analysiert, um verschiedene Muster zu vorhandenen Körperideologien in den fokussierten Sportarten und Sportbereichen identifizieren und anhand ausgewählter Textstellen belegen zu können. Bei den Ergebnissen zeigt sich, dass der Körper in den Hochleistungssportarten Schwimmen und Biathlon als formbares Material bzw. als Instrument zur Erbringung sportlicher Höchstleistungen betrachtet und dargestellt wird. Auch im Gesundheitssport wird der Körper als form- bzw. trainierbar hervorgehoben, wobei hierbei die Gesundheit im Fokus steht und mit Schlankheit gleichgesetzt wird. Im Bereich des Fun- bzw. Erlebnissports zeigt sich bei der Sportart Stand Up Paddling der Körper ebenfalls als zu bearbeitendes Objekt. Dagegen wird bei der Sportart Parkour der angenommene Normalismus von Jugendlichkeit anhand der Ergebnisse widerlegt. Deutlich wird, dass als diskursives Mittel vor allem der Körper als formbares Material erscheint. Dabei stehen in Bezug auf die Äußerungsmodalitäten und Begrifflichkeiten der Diskurse vor allem das Leistungsmaximum, aber auch Schlankheit und Fitness im Fokus. Die identifizierten Diskurse sind an die gesamte Gesellschaft adressiert und werden zudem durch sich selbst getragen, wodurch sie nicht nur die Realität abbilden, sondern auch ein Eigenleben in der Form entwickeln, dass sie als Träger von Wissen fungieren.
Praktika als gängige Lehr-Lernformate in hochschulischen Kontexten setzen stets die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Institutionen und Personen voraus, da Studierende mit einem Praktikum den Lernort der Universität verlassen und in einen beruflichen Handlungszusammenhang mit den zugehörigen organisationalen Strukturen versetzt werden. Praktika werden unter anderem als Elemente der Berufsorientierung gesellschaftliche Implikationen zugeschrieben. Als Format innerhalb eines hochschulischen Bildungsgangs sind sie darüber hinaus mit didaktischen Begründungen verbunden und durch die Beteiligung verschiedener Personen auch mit individuellen Interessen. Studierende sind während eines Praktikums in der Rolle als Praktikant*in in besonderer Weise individuell gefordert. Ergänzt werden diese Perspektiven durch die Betrachtung disziplinärer und professioneller Implikationen, die sich für Praktika erziehungswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge ergeben. Zusammenarbeit findet in Praktika zwischen Organisationen, in Organisationen und zwischen Personen statt. Der geringe Forschungsstand zu Perspektiven auf Fragen der Zusammenarbeit für in erziehungswissenschaftliche Studiengänge integrierte Praktika bietet den Anlass der Studie. Um die verschiedenen Perspektiven auf Praktika als Zusammenarbeit zu erheben, werden qualitative episodische Interviews sowohl mit den Studierenden und Lehrenden einer Universität, als auch mit für Praktika verantwortlichen Tätigen aus dem beruflichen Bereich durchgeführt, die nach der qualitativen inhaltlich strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet werden. Aus der Auswertung der geführten Interviews mit den drei Akteur*innen-Gruppen ergibt sich ein Einblick darin, wie sich Zusammenarbeit zwischen pädagogisch tätigen Institutionen, Universitäten und Studierenden in und durch Praktika konkretisiert. Es werden beispielsweise Aspekte der Interaktionsbezogenen Dimensionen beschrieben, wie auftauchende Dilemmata, Resonanzen, Kulturen des Umgangs, Interessenslagen und Konstellationen von Akteur*innen. Diese werden ergänzt um Aspekte der Dimensionen mit Bezug zu Institutionen, Umwelt, Aufgaben und Personen. Die Interviewaussagen von drei interviewten Akteur*innen-Gruppen Studierende, Praxisanleiter*innen, universitäre Lehrende werden vergleichend anhand dieser Dimensionen betrachtet und als Ergebnisse dieser Studie dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse liefern Aussagen dazu, wie Zusammenarbeit in Praktika erziehungswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge von den beteiligten Akteur*innen-Gruppen wahrgenommen wird. Dies kann dazu beitragen die differierenden Perspektiven anschlussfähig zu machen für die didaktische und organisatorische Gestaltung von Praktika durch Institutionen wie Universitäten und Praktikumseinrichtungen, aber auch durch Initiative von Studierenden in der Rolle als Praktikant*innen während eines erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studiums. Auch für weitere Forschungsprojekte zum Zusammenwirken der Beteiligten in Praktika kann die Studie Anstöße bieten.
Eltern spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Inanspruchnahme von kultureller Bildung durch Kinder und Jugendliche. Häufig sind sie in die Organisation und Finanzierung der kulturellen Bildungsangebote involviert. Insbesondere in ländlichen Räumen kommt die Besonderheit hinzu, dass Eltern aufgrund größerer räumlicher Distanzen und einer unzureichenden Ausstattung des ÖPNV Begleitfahrten mit dem eigenen PKW durchführen müssen. Häufig werden ländliche Räume anhand objektivierbarer Daten als strukturschwach oder kulturarm beschrieben. Darüber, ob oder inwiefern das von ländlich lebenden Eltern ebenso gesehen wird, ist jedoch wenig bekannt.
Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift gibt einen Einblick in die elterlichen Perspektiven auf kulturelle Bildung in ländlichen Räumen. Sie basiert auf offenen, qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews mit Eltern aus vier ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands, die diskursanalytisch und unter Zuhilfenahme von Kodierungspraktiken aus dem Kontext der Grounded Theory ausgewertet wurden.
In den Interviews zeigt sich eine Vielzahl an elterlichen Verständnissen und Positionierungsweisen zur kulturellen Bildung in ländlichen Regionen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass der elterliche Diskurs auf einem komplexen Zusammenspiel sozioökonomischer bzw. -kultureller Bedingungen, raumstruktureller Gegebenheiten und individueller Präferenzen hinsichtlich kultureller Bildung auf dem Land basiert.
Ordnung zur Änderung der Beitragsordnung des Studierendenwerks Koblenz
Benutzungsordnung des Zentrums für Informations- und Medientechnologien (ZIMT) der Universität Koblenz
Erste Satzung zur Änderung der Satzung über die Leitung und die innere Struktur wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen und Betriebseinheiten der Universität Koblenz
With the increasing importance and urgency of climate change, companies are challenged to contribute to sustainable development, especially by younger generations. However, existing corporate contributions have been criticized as insufficient, which could be particularly caused by a lack of employee engagement in corporate sustainability. In this context, gamification has been proposed and increasingly investigated in recent years as a promising, innovative tool to motivate sustainable employee behaviors in the workplace. However, there are few studies and applicable gamification solutions that address more than one specific sustainability issue and thus take a holistic perspective on sustainable behaviors in the workplace. Moreover, previous research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how different gamification elements elicit specific psychological effects, how these manifest in behavioral changes, and how these, in turn, cumulatively result in measurable corporate outcomes. The path from gamification as ”input” to corporate sustainability as ”output” thus remains unexplored.
This dissertation fills this gap by conceptualizing, designing, and evaluating a holistic gamified intervention that supports employees in various sustainable behaviors in their daily activities. The project uses a design science research approach that closely involves employees in the incremental development of the solution. As part of the iterative design process, this dissertation presents six studies to extend the theoretical understanding of gamification for sustainable employee behaviors. First, a comprehensive review of existing research on gamification for sustainable employee behavior is provided, analyzing gamification designs and results of previous studies and outlining an agenda for further research (Study 1). Theoretical foundations of research on gamification, serious games, and game-based learning (Study 2) and empirical design principles for gamification and persuasive systems (Study 3) are then systematically reviewed as a basis for the successful design of gamified applications. Subsequently, empirical studies explore employees’ motivations for sustainable behavior and illuminate their expectations for design features (Study 4), and identify contextual challenges and design dilemmas when implementing gamification in an organizational context (Study 5). Finally, a quantitative field study (Study 6) explores how different gamification designs influence sustainable employee behavior and corporate sustainability in organizations. Based on the findings, this dissertation presents a comprehensive framework of gamification for sustainable employee behavior that incorporates design, individual behavior, and organizational perspectives. Finally, building on these insights, it provides practical recommendations for designing gamification to encourage sustainable employee behavior at work.
Organic binder mixtures and process additives have been used in refractory materials for a long time due to their property-improving effect. Coal tar pitches in particular can contain thousands of chemical compounds, of which especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and thus pose a risk to both the environment and human health. However, despite intensive research, the exact structure of these carbon mixtures is still not fully clarified. This is becoming an increasing problem, especially with regard to more stringent legal requirements arising from REACH, the European Chemicals Regulation for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals. Furthermore, the knowledge of the structural and chemical composition is also of great importance for optimal processing of the carbon mixtures to high-quality technical products. In the present work, an analytical strategy for the investigation of complex carbon mixtures containing PAHs is developed. Due to their complexity, a combination of different methods is used, including elemental analysis, solvent extraction, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, raman and infrared spectroscopy as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, a procedure for the evaluation of mass spectrometric data based on multivariate statistical methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis is developed. The application of the developed analytical strategy to various industrially used carbon-based binder mixtures allowed the elucidation of characteristic properties, including aromaticity, molecular mass distribution, degree of alkylation and elemental composition. It was also shown that combining high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical data analysis is a fast and effective tool for the classification of complex binder mixtures and the identification of characteristic molecular structures. In addition, the analytical strategy was applied to manufactured refractory products. Despite the small amount of the contained organic phase, characteristic structural features of each sample could be identified and extracted, which enabled an unambiguous classification of the refractory products.
Counts of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths have been key numbers for justifying severe political, social and economical measures imposed by authorities world-wide. A particular focus thereby was the concomitant excess mortality (EM), i.e. fatalities above the expected all-cause mortality (AM). Recent studies, inter alia by the WHO, estimated the SARS-CoV-2-related EM in Germany between 2020 and 2021 as high as 200 000. In this study, we attempt to scrutinize these numbers by putting them into the context of German AM since the year 2000. We propose two straightforward, age-cohort-dependent models to estimate German AM for the ‘Corona pandemic’ years, as well as the corresponding flu seasons, out of historic data. For Germany, we find overall negative EM of about −18 500 persons for the year 2020, and a minor positive EM of about 7000 for 2021, unveiling that officially reported EM counts are an exaggeration. In 2022, the EM count is about 41 200. Further, based on NAA-test-positive related death counts, we are able to estimate how many Germans have died due to rather than with CoViD-19; an analysis not provided by the appropriate authority, the RKI. Through 2020 and 2021 combined, our due estimate is at no more than 59 500. Varying NAA test strategies heavily obscured SARS-CoV-2-related EM, particularly within the second year of the proclaimed pandemic. We compensated changes in test strategies by assuming that age-cohort-specific NAA-conditional mortality rates during the first pandemic year reflected SARS-CoV-2-characteristic constants.
Sustainable Leadership
(2023)
Thematik:
Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema Sustainable Leadership. Dieses Forschungsgebiet der nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Forschung hat in den letzten Jah- ren durch die immer stärker werden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. In diesem Zusammenhang rücken Unternehmen immer mehr in den Fokus. Diese müssen nun Wege und Methoden finden, die ihre Arbeitsweise und Prozesse nachhaltiger und umweltschonender gestalten. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit zu untersuchende Forschungsfrage lautet: „Wie gestaltet sich ein Sustainable Leadership Ansatz in Unternehmen?“ Aufbauend auf dieser übergeordneten Forschungsfrage werden in untergeordneten Forschungsfrage insbesondere Merkmale, Kompetenzen und Verhaltensweisen eines nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Führungsstils betrachtet.
Methodik:
Die Forschungsmethodik der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2019). Mittels semistrukturierter Interviews wurden Führungspersönlichkeiten aus Großunternehmen befragt. Auf Grundlage dieses Datenmaterials wurden induktive Kategorien abgeleitet und qualitativ analysiert und interpretiert.
Ergebnisse:
Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung wurden in insgesamt fünf Oberkategorien mit jeweils zwei Unterkategorien zusammengefasst. Es wurden die theoretischen Erkennt- nisse des Forschungsbereichs mit den praktischen Erkenntnissen aus den durchgeführten Interviews ergänzt und interpretiert. Des Weiteren wurden die Ergebnisse aus Sicht einer holistischen Unternehmensperspektive in einem konzeptionellen Ansatz modelliert. Ab- schließend wurden aus den Praxiserfahrungen einige Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert und die Merkmale, Kompetenzen, Verhaltensweisen und Auswirkungen eines nachhal- tigkeitsorientierten Führungsstils diskutiert.
X-ray computer tomography (XRT) is a three-dimensional, nondestructive, and thus reproducible examination method that allows for the investigation of internal and external structures of objects. Due to its characteristics, the XRT technique has increasingly established itself as an alternative examination method and is also applied in the field of mineral processing. Within this work, XRT is used to investigate the influence of hydrochloric acid leaching of iron-rich bauxites on grain composition. Acid leaching is a promising method for the beneficiation of iron-rich bauxites for refractories. Many studies have already established that leaching with hydrochloric acid can reduce the Fe₂O₃ content in bauxites. However, apart from the influence of the leaching process on the composition of the bauxites, aspects such as the influence of the acid on the exact grain constitution or the porosity behavior have rarely been considered so far. To address these open questions, XRT analysis was used to examine and characterize various bauxites. By comparing identical grains before and after leaching, it was observed that in gibbsite bauxites the acid penetration is deeper, and the volume decreases significantly. In diasporic and boehmitic bauxites, clear leaching edges can be seen in which the iron content has been reduced.
Die Geometrie unseres Anschauungsraumes – die euklidische Geometrie – ist für einen allgemeinbildenden Mathematikunterricht elementar. Seitens der Mathematiklehrkraft stellt grundsätzlich ihr Fachwissen das Fundament des Unterrichtens dar. Als Teil ihres Professionswissens sollten Mathematiklehrkräfte prinzipiell über ein Fachwissen verfügen, das in Bezug zur akademischen Mathematik den unterrichtlichen Anforderungen der schulischen Mathematik gerecht wird.
Die im Rahmen der Dissertation entwickelte Theorie des metrisch-normalen euklidischen Raumes charakterisiert sich in ihrer perspektivischen Dualität, der mathematischen Stringenz eines axiomatisch-deduktiven Vorgehens auf der einen und der Berücksichtigung der fachdidaktischen Anforderungen an Mathematiklehrkräfte auf der anderen Seite; sie hebt sich darin von bestehenden Theorien ab.
Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang „Gewässerkunde und Wasserwirtschaft“ an der Hochschule Koblenz und der Universität Koblenz (Kooperativer Bachelorstudiengang)
Gemeinsame Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang „Gewässerkunde und Wasserwirtschaft“ an der Universität Koblenz und der Hochschule Koblenz (Kooperativer Masterstudiengang)
Satzung zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis an der Universität Koblenz
Erste Ordnung zur Änderung der Wahlordnung für die Wahlen der Organe der Universität Koblenz
Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Bachelorstudiengang Computational Social Science an der Universität Koblenz
Einunddreißigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz
Siebenundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung in den Masterstudiengängen für das Lehramt an Grundschulen, das Lehramt an Realschulen plus, das Lehramt an Förderschulen sowie das Lehramt an Gymnasien an der Universität Koblenz
Achtzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang berufsbildende Schulen an der Universität Koblenz und der Hochschule Koblenz
Siebzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Masterstudiengang für das Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen an der Universität Koblenz und der Hochschule Koblenz
Achtundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz und der Hochschule Koblenz
Dritte Ordnung zur Änderung der Gemeinsamen Prüfungsordnung für die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge des Fachbereichs Informatik an der Universität Koblenz
Vierundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz
Satzung zur Festsetzung von Zulassungszahlen an der Universität Koblenz für das Studienjahr 2023/2024
Satzung zur Festsetzung der Normwerte für den Ausbildungsaufwand (Curricularnormwerte) der Universität Koblenz
Satzung der Universität Koblenz über das Auswahlverfahren in zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen
Qualitätssicherungskonzept für das Promotions- und Habilitationswesen der Universität Koblenz (Satzung über die Genehmigung von Promotions- und Habilitationsordnungen)
Dritte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für Studierende des Bachelorstudiengangs „Pädagogik“ (B.A.) und des Masterstudiengangs „Erziehungswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Forschung und Entwicklung in Organisationen“ (M.A.) des Fachbereichs 1: Bildungswissenschaften an der Universität Koblenz
Ordnung zum Betrieb eines Forschungsinformationssystems an der Universität Koblenz (FIS-Ordnung)
Leichte Sprache (LS, easy-to-read German) is a simplified variety of German. It is used to provide barrier-free texts for a broad spectrum of people, including lowliterate individuals with learning difficulties, intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) and/or complex communication needs (CCN). In general, LS authors are proficient in standard German and do not belong to the aforementioned group of people. Our goal is to empower the latter to participate in written discourse themselves. This requires a special writing system whose linguistic support and ergonomic software design meet the target group’s specific needs. We present EasyTalk a system profoundly based on natural language processing (NLP) for assistive writing in an extended variant of LS (ELS). EasyTalk provides users with a personal vocabulary underpinned with customizable communication symbols and supports in writing at their individual level of proficiency through interactive user guidance. The system minimizes the grammatical knowledge needed to produce correct and coherent complex contents by intuitively formulating linguistic decisions. It provides easy dialogs for selecting options from a natural-language paraphrase generator, which provides context-sensitive suggestions for sentence components and correctly inflected word forms. In addition, EasyTalk reminds users to add text elements that enhance text comprehensibility in terms of audience design (e.g., time and place of an event) and improve text coherence (e.g., explicit connectors to express discourse-relations). To tailor the system to the needs of the target group, the development of EasyTalk followed the principles of human-centered design (HCD). Accordingly, we matured the system in iterative development cycles, combined with purposeful evaluations of specific aspects conducted with expert groups from the fields of CCN, LS, and IT, as well as L2 learners of the German language. In a final case study, members of the target audience tested the system in free writing sessions. The study confirmed that adults with IDD and/or CCN who have low reading, writing, and computer skills can write their own personal texts in ELS using EasyTalk. The positive feedback from all tests inspires future long-term studies with EasyTalk and further development of this prototypical system, such as the implementation of a so-called Schreibwerkstatt (writing workshop)
In the last years, the public interest in epidemiology and mathematical modeling of disease spread has increased - mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has emphasized the urgent need for accurate and timely modelling of disease transmission. However, even prior to that, mathematical modelling has been used for describing the dynamics and spread of infectious diseases, which is vital for developing effective interventions and controls, e.g., for vaccination campaigns and social restrictions like lockdowns. The forecasts and evaluations provided by these models influence political actions and shape the measures implemented to contain the virus.
This research contributes to the understanding and control of disease spread, specifically for Dengue fever and COVID-19, making use of mathematical models and various data analysis techniques. The mathematical foundations of epidemiological modelling, as well as several concepts for spatio-temporal diffusion like ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, are presented, as well as an originally human-vector model for Dengue fever, and the standard (SEIR)-model (with the potential inclusion of an equation for deceased persons), which are suited for the description of COVID-19. Additionally, multi-compartment models, fractional diffusion models, partial differential equations (PDE) models, and integro-differential models are used to describe spatial propagation of the diseases.
We will make use of different optimization techniques to adapt the models to medical data and estimate the relevant parameters or finding optimal control techniques for containing diseases using both Metropolis and Lagrangian methods. Reasonable estimates for the unknown parameters are found, especially in initial stages of pandemics, when little to no information is available and the majority of the population has not got in contact with the disease. The longer a disease is present, the more complex the modelling gets and more things (vaccination, different types, etc.) appear and reduce the estimation and prediction quality of the mathematical models.
While it is possible to create highly complex models with numerous equations and parameters, such an approach presents several challenges, including difficulties in comparing and evaluating data, increased risk of overfitting, and reduced generalizability. Therefore, we will also consider criteria for model selection based on fit and complexity as well as the sensitivity of the model with respect to specific parameters. This also gives valuable information on which political interventions should be more emphasized for possible variations of parameter values.
Furthermore, the presented models, particularly the optimization using the Metropolis algorithm for parameter estimation, are compared with other established methods. The quality of model calculation, as well as computational effort and applicability, play a role in this comparison. Additionally, the spatial integro-differential model is compared with an established agent-based model. Since the macroscopic results align very well, the computationally faster integro-differential model can now be used as a proxy for the slower and non-traditionally optimizable agent-based model, e.g., in order to find an apt control strategy.
In a world where language defines the boundaries of one's understanding, the words of Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein resonate profoundly. Wittgenstein's assertion that "Die Grenzen meine Sprache bedeuten die Grenzen meiner Welt" (Wittgenstein 2016: v. 5.6) underscores the vital role of language in shaping our perceptions. Today, in a globalized and interconnected society, fluency in foreign languages is indispensable for individual success. Education must break down these linguistic barriers, and one promising approach is the integration of foreign languages into content subjects.
Teaching content subjects in a foreign language, a practice known as Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), not only enhances language skills but also cultivates cognitive abilities and intercultural competence. This approach expands horizons and aligns with the core principles of European education (Leaton Gray, Scott & Mehisto 2018: 50). The Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) recognizes the benefits of CLIL and encourages its implementation in German schools (cf. KMK 2013a).
With the rising popularity of CLIL, textbooks in foreign languages have become widely available, simplifying teaching. However, the appropriateness of the language used in these materials remains an unanswered question. If textbooks impose excessive linguistic demands, they may inadvertently limit students' development and contradict the goal of CLIL.
This thesis focuses on addressing this issue by systematically analyzing language requirements in CLIL teaching materials, emphasizing receptive and productive skills in various subjects based on the Common European Framework of Reference. The aim is to identify a sequence of subjects that facilitates students' language skill development throughout their school years. Such a sequence would enable teachers to harness the full potential of CLIL, fostering a bidirectional approach where content subjects facilitate language learning.
While research on CLIL is extensive, studies on language requirements for bilingual students are limited. This thesis seeks to bridge this gap by presenting findings for History, Geography, Biology, and Mathematics, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of language demands. This research endeavors to enrich the field of bilingual education and CLIL, ultimately benefiting the academic success of students in an interconnected world.
Potential impacts of invasive crayfish on native
benthic fish: shelter use and agonistic behaviour
(2023)
Spinycheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) are successful North American invasive crayfish species distributed throughout Europe. Both species compete with native benthic fish for shelter. In a laboratory approach, we assessed competition for shelter and antagonistic interactions between these invasive crayfish species and the native benthic fish species, stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and bullhead (Cottus gobio). This allows for studying the potential impacts of invasive crayfish on native benthic fish. Spinycheek crayfish and signal crayfish were able to gain control of the shelter and could successfully displace both benthic fish species. For stone loach, the presence of crayfish significantly decreased their shelter use and caused several behavioural changes such as reduced activity and increased hiding behaviour outside the shelter. Although the shelter use by bullheads was not reduced, they displayed similar behavioural changes, if less intense. Invasive crayfish species showed remarkable combative interactions against both species of benthic fishes, evidenced by the high number of aggressive interactions, especially concerning stone loach. Our results highlight the pronounced dominance of invasive crayfish over benthic fish in terms of shelter competition and aggressive interactions under laboratory conditions, which consequently might promote the latter’s exposure to predation.
Bauxite is, among other raw materials, an important material for the production of refractories. However, the availability of refractory raw material grades is limited worldwide. As high iron contents have a negative influence on the temperature resistance of the refractory material produced, a maximum iron oxide content of 2 wt.-% in the bauxite is acceptable. This means that only native raw materials from a few deposits can be used. In order to counteract the problem of too high iron oxide contents in natural bauxites, the possibility of processing bauxite for the refractory industry by using an acid leaching process was to be investigated within the scope of this work. In previous studies on this topic, some investigations on iron leaching have already been carried out on individual bauxites. However, the resulting bauxite composition was mostly neglected in its entirety and only the influences of individual leaching parameters on the leaching result were investigated independently. Moreover, the results and procedures generated are not generally valid and cannot be transferred to bauxites of other chemical or mineralogical compositions.
In order to clarify the open questions in the processing of natural bauxites, leaching tests with hydrochloric acid were carried out on five different bauxites within this work. By using computerized statistical design of experiments, an individual model was generated for each bauxite to predict the optimal factor settings. The factors investigated were acid concentration, solid-acid ratio, leaching temperature, leaching time and grain fraction. The general planning method for bauxite processing developed in this context contains all necessary factors, useful factor settings and the effects to be considered during planning and evaluation. It could be shown that, based on this planning method, a significant, individual model can be created for each of the bauxites investigated, which predicts the optimal leaching settings for the corresponding bauxite. Furthermore, it was found that the transfer of an already created model to another bauxite of similar composition is possible. Based on the results obtained from the leaching tests and model fittings, in combination with further results on the structural analysis of the bauxites, insights into the leachability of various aluminium and iron minerals from bauxite could be gained.
To develop a sustainable acid leaching process, the possibility of regenerating the contaminated acid produced was also tested as an example. It was shown that liquid-liquid extraction can extract more than 99 % of the iron present in the solution and that the regenerated acid can then be reused for the leaching process.
Virtuelle Teams verbreiten sich weltweit immer mehr. Die Covid-19 Pandemie und die damit verbundene Homeofficepflicht sorgten in nationalen Unternehmen für die Zunahme virtueller Zusammenarbeit. Diese virtuellen Teams bleiben oftmals auch nach Aufhebung der pandemiebedingten gesetzlichen Beschränkungen bestehen. Um eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit in diesen Teams zu erreichen, sind Kenntnisse zu den benötigten Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten von Teammitgliedern von großer Bedeutung.
Um diese zu untersuchen, werden in dieser Arbeit sieben Experteninterviews mit Teammitgliedern virtueller Projektteams in der IT-Branche geführt und mithilfe qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die ExpertInnen stammen aus drei deutschen Dienstleistungsunternehmen. Die Ergebnisse werden anhand des KSAO-Modells untersucht und nach der deduktiven Zuordnung zu den vier Kategorien „Wissen“, „Fertigkeiten“, „Kompetenzen“ und „Andere Merkmale“ jeweils durch induktive Kategorienbildung in Unterkategorien aufgeteilt. Dabei ergeben sich insgesamt 34 Kategorien, die für die virtuelle Zusammenarbeit relevant sind.
Mit den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen trägt die vorliegende Arbeit einen wichtigen Teil zur Forschung im Bereich der virtuellen Teams bei. Außerdem liefert sie Unternehmen, Führungskräften und dem Personalmanagement Anhaltspunkte für die Bewertung von BewerberInnen, die Auswahl geeigneter Teammitglieder, die Entwicklung von Schulungen und die gezielte Verbesserung virtueller Zusammenarbeit.
Die Umsetzung von Fernarbeitsregelungen wurde bisher überwiegend in allgemeiner Natur betrachtet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mit Hilfe von Interviews mit Führungskräften, Mitarbeitern und IT-Dienstleistern die Umsetzung von Fernarbeitsregelungen in deutschen Regionalbanken betrachtet. Mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory werden dabei Herausforderungen, Lösungsansätze, Vorteile und Nachteile einer Umsetzung herausgearbeitet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Umsetzung zwischen den verschiedenen Banken starke Unterschiede aufweist, was den Fortschritt betrifft. Besonders die Überzeugung, dass eine Umsetzung vorteilhaft für die Bank sowie die Mitarbeiter ist, zeigt sich als Kernproblem in der eher konservativen Bankenlandschaft. Mit Hilfe der Arbeit werden Lösungsansätze gezeigt, um Herausforderungen bewältigen zu können und den Einfluss von Nachteilen zu minimieren. Dadurch dient die Arbeit dazu, Regionalbanken bei einer Umsetzung von Fernarbeitsregelungen zu unterstützen, indem sie Potenziale erkennen können und Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt bekommen, eine Umsetzung zu gewährleisten.
Increasingly, problematic smartphone use behavior (PSU) and excessive consumption are reported. In this study, an experiment was developed to investigate the influence of screen coloration using the grayscale setting on smartphone usage time in repeated measurements. We also investigated how individuals perceived suffering correlates with smartphone usage time and PSU, and whether differences exist by smartphone usage type (social, process, habitual). 240 subjects completed a questionnaire about smartphone usage time, PSU, perceived suffering, and smartphone usage types. Afterward, their smartphones were switched to grayscale setting for at least 24h, and thereafter 92 of these participants completed the second questionnaire. Analyses showed that grayscale setting decreases usage time and that there is a positive correlation between PSU, smartphone usage duration, and perceived suffering. The types of use (process and habitual) influence one’s perceived suffering. Thus, it shows that individuals are aware of their PSU and suffer from it. Using grayscale setting is effective in reducing smartphone use time.
Wie hingen Sprache und Gewalt im Nationalsozialismus zusammen? Ausgehend von der konstitutiven Sprachphilosophie des kanadischen Philosophen Charles Taylor untersucht die Dissertation die destruktive Wirkmacht der Sprache am Fall des Nationalsozialismus, der auf ungekannte Weise in die Sprache eingriff und damit Gewalt begünstigte, die bis heute ohnegleichen ist.
Artificial neural networks is a popular field of research in artificial intelli-
gence. The increasing size and complexity of huge models entail certain
problems. The lack of transparency of the inner workings of a neural net-
work makes it difficult to choose efficient architectures for different tasks.
It proves to be challenging to solve these problems, and with a lack of in-
sightful representations of neural networks, this state of affairs becomes
entrenched. With these difficulties in mind a novel 3D visualization tech-
nique is introduced. Attributes for trained neural networks are estimated
by utilizing established methods from the area of neural network optimiza-
tion. Batch normalization is used with fine-tuning and feature extraction to
estimate the importance of different parts of the neural network. A combi-
nation of the importance values with various methods like edge bundling,
ray tracing, 3D impostor and a special transparency technique results in a
3D model representing a neural network. The validity of the extracted im-
portance estimations is demonstrated and the potential of the developed
visualization is explored.
The trends of industry 4.0 and the further enhancements toward an ever changing factory lead to more mobility and flexibility on the factory floor. With that higher need of mobility and flexibility the requirements on wireless communication rise. A key requirement in that setting is the demand for wireless Ultra-Reliability and Low Latency Communication (URLLC). Example use cases therefore are cooperative Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and mobile robotics in general. Working along that setting this thesis provides insights regarding the whole network stack. Thereby, the focus is always on industrial applications. Starting on the physical layer, extensive measurements from 2 GHz to 6 GHz on the factory floor are performed. The raw data is published and analyzed. Based on that data an improved Saleh-Valenzuela (SV) model is provided. As ad-hoc networks are highly depended onnode mobility, the mobility of AGVs is modeled. Additionally, Nodal Encounter Patterns (NEPs) are recorded and analyzed. A method to record NEP is illustrated. The performance by means of latency and reliability are key parameters from an application perspective. Thus, measurements of those two parameters in factory environments are performed using Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (IEEE 802.11n), private Long Term Evolution (pLTE) and 5G. This showed auto-correlated latency values. Hence, a method to construct confidence intervals based on auto-correlated data containing rare events is developed. Subsequently, four performance improvements for wireless networks on the factory floor are proposed. Of those optimization three cover ad-hoc networks, two deal with safety relevant communication, one orchestrates the usage of two orthogonal networks and lastly one optimizes the usage of information within cellular networks.
Finally, this thesis is concluded by an outlook toward open research questions. This includes open questions remaining in the context of industry 4.0 and further the ones around 6G. Along the research topics of 6G the two most relevant topics concern the ideas of a network of networks and overcoming best-effort IP.
Harvesting Season?
(2022)
Efforts to induce customers to buy groceries through the Internet have existed for around twenty years. Early on, the market structures of the digital grocery trade were still strongly fragmented and poorly coordinated. Due to the technological advancement in the past decade, the digital purchase of groceries has become more attractive. The adoption rate of these services varies greatly between different regions. In Germany in particular, the digital grocery trade is stagnating at a comparatively low level. In this regard, this dissertation analyzes both the retail-side market structures and the expectations and obstacles of German consumers.
The year 2020 connotes a turning point for the online grocery trade, as daily routines such as grocery shopping were subject to strict regulations imparted at a governmental level in order to reduce COVID-19 infections. At the same time, despite this opportunity, the digital grocery trade has not yet established itself nationwide in Germany. This can be attributed to a lack of investments, but also to inadequate digitization measures. A stronger synchronization between the digital and stationary offer, better integration of digital food services at a regional level as well as adapted, target group-appropriate digital solutions for the efficient breakdown of usage barriers will benefit service usage. The importance of stable food chains and distribution channels was illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should help to develop the digital food trade into a stable and sustainable supplementation of the stationary store.
Fungicide effects on the structure and functioning of leaf-associated aquatic fungal communities
(2022)
Aquatic hyphomycetes are a polyphyletic group of saprotrophic fungi growing abundantly on submerged leaf litter. In stream ecosystems shaped by allochthonous leaf litter inputs, they play a central functional role as decomposers and food source for other organisms. Fungicides pose a threat to aquatic hyphomycetes and their functions, since these substances are inherently toxic to fungi and contaminate surface waters around the world due to their widespread use in agricultural and urban landscapes. While fungicides’ potential to reduce fungal diversity are discerned, the extent of impacts on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (B EF) remains unclear. This is partly attributed to methodological constraints in the detection and quantification of single aquatic hyphomycete species within microbial leaf-associated communities. The primary aim of this thesis was, therefore, (1) to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of fungicides on B-EF relationships in aquatic hyphomycete communities. To facilitate this, subordinate aims were to (2) develop DNA-based biomolecular tools (i.e., qPCR assays) to detect and to quantify the biomass of different aquatic hyphomycete species in mixed cultures and (3) to investigate the mechanisms underlying B-EF relationships in the absence of chemical stressors.
In the course of this thesis, qPCR assays were developed for detection and species-specific biomass quantification of ten common aquatic hyphomycete species and successfully validated for application in eco( toxico )logical microcosm experiments. Via a systematic manipulation of fungal diversity, these assays allow the examination of B-EF relationships by assessments of deviations between observed and (monoculture-based) predicted activities in fungal mixed cultures. Taking advantage of these tools in a microcosm experiment, it was uncovered that leaf decomposition results from the additive activity of community members, even though functionally distinct species were present. Colonization dynamics are characterized by complex interactions. Colonization success of aquatic hyphomycetes is higher if co-occurring species are genetically and functionally distinct (i.e., complementary interactions). However, the co-occurrence of aquatic hyphomycete species does not necessarily result in a greater colonization success compared to monocultures, unless bacteria are present. Accordingly, the presence of other microbial groups such as bacteria may induce new fungal diversity-based feedback loops, which ultimately enable coexistence of aquatic hyphomycete species in the environment. Exposure to fungicides revealed substantial differences in sensitivities among aquatic hyphomycetes. The most productive species were able to cope with extremely high fungicide concentrations up to the mg/L-range. In assemblages containing these species, leaf decomposition was maintained under fungicide exposure. Yet, already at environmentally relevant fungicide concentrations, tolerant species displaced more sensitive ones, potentially affecting leaves’ nutritional quality for consumers. This thesis thus indicates that fungicide exposure poses a risk to stream food webs rather than the microbial leaf decomposition process per se.
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Satzung zur Festsetzung von Zulassungszahlen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau für das Studienjahr 2020/2021
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Fünfzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang
Berufsbildende Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Vierzehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Masterstudiengang Lehramt an berufsbildenden
Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, der Hochschule Koblenz und der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Zweiundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau
Vierundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau und der Hochschule Koblenz
Ordnung zur Änderung der Beitragsordnung des Studierendenwerks Koblenz
Dreißigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz
Sechsundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung in den Masterstudien-gängen für das Lehramt an Grundschulen, das Lehramt an Realschulen plus sowie das Lehramt an Gymnasien an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz
Dreiundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelor-studiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Koblenz
Zweite Satzung zur Änderung der Satzung über die Verleihung der Bezeichnung außerplanmäßige Pro-fessorin oder außerplanmäßiger Professor der Universität Koblenz-Landau
Today’s agriculture heavily relies on pesticides to manage diverse pests and maximise crop yields. Despite elaborate regulation of pesticide use based on a complex environmental risk assessment (ERA) scheme, the widespread use of these biologically active compounds has been shown to be a threat to the environment. For surface waters, pesticide exposure has been observed to exceed safe concentration levels and negatively impact stream ecology leading to the question whether current ERA schemes ensure a sustainable use of pesticides. To answer this, the large-scale “Kleingewässer-Monitoring” (KgM) assessed the occurrence of pesticides and related effects in 124 streams throughout Germany, Central Europe, in 2018 and 2019.
Based on five scientific publications originating from the KgM, this thesis evaluated pesticide exposure in streams, ecological effects and the regulatory implications. More than 1,000 water samples were analysed for over 100 pesticide analytes to characterise occurrence patterns (publication 1). Measured concentrations and effects were used to validate the exposure and effect concentrations predicted in the ERA (publication 2). By jointly analysing real-world pesticide application data and measured pesticide mixtures in streams, the disregard of environmental pesticide mixtures in the ERA was evaluated (publication 3). The toxic potential of mixtures in stream water was additionally investigated using suspect screening for 395 chemicals and a battery of in-vitro bioassays (publication 4). Finally, the results from the KgM stream monitoring were used to assess the capability to identify pesticide risks in governmental monitoring programmes (publication 5).
The results of this thesis reveal the widespread occurrence of pesticides in non-target stream ecosystems. The water samples contained a variety of pesticides occurring in complex mixtures predominantly in short-term peaks after rainfall events (publications 1 & 4). Respective pesticide concentration maxima were linked to declines in vulnerable invertebrate species and exceeded regulatory acceptable concentrations in about 80% of agricultural streams, while these thresholds were still estimated partly insufficient to protect the invertebrate community (publication 2). The co-occurrence of pesticides in streams led to a risk underestimated in the single substance-oriented ERA by a factor of about 3.2 in realistic worst-case scenarios, which is further exacerbated by a high frequency at which non-target organism are exposed to pesticides (publication 3). Stream water samples taken after rainfall caused distinct effects in bioassays which were only explainable to a minor extent by the many analytes, indicating the relevance of unknown chemical or biological mixture components (publication 4). Finally, the regulatory monitoring of surface waters under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was found to significantly underestimate pesticide risks, as about three quarters of critical pesticides and more than half of streams at risk were overlooked (publication 5).
Essentially, this thesis involves a new level of validation of the ERA of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems by assessing pesticide occurrence and environmental impacts at a scale so far unique. The overall results demonstrate that the current agricultural use of pesticides leads to significant impacts on stream ecology that go beyond the level tolerated under the ERA. This thesis identified the underestimation of pesticide exposure, the potential insufficiency of regulatory thresholds and the general inertia of the authorisation process as the main causes why the ERA fails to meet its objectives. To achieve a sustainable use of pesticides, the thesis proposes substantial refinements of the ERA. Adequate monitoring programmes such as the KgM, which go beyond current government monitoring efforts, will continue to be needed to keep pesticide regulators constantly informed of the validity of their prospective ERA, which will always be subject to uncertainty.
In dieser wiederkehrenden Zeitschriftenreihe wollen wir die Arbeit junger Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an der Universität Koblenz kommunizieren und Studierenden Austausch- und Publikationsmöglichkeiten für den wissenschaftlichen Werdegang eröffnen.
In dieser Ausgabe:
Lukas Fock: Third-Person Effect & Conspiracy Theories - It's always the others!
Leoni Krawczyk: Das Déja-vu-Erlebnis als ein Resultat von impliziter Vertrautheit und oberflächlicher Reizverarbeitung
Frederik Alexander Wilczek: Employer Branding in der Katholischen Kirche - Eine Untersuchung der Employer Branding-Strategien kirchlicher Arbeitgeber
Alexander Bleffert: Modellierungsaufgaben als Beitrag zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung - Ein Beispiel für die Modellierungstage am Campus Koblenz
Alina Strunk, Fabian Kind,
Marina Gertner: Ist unser Wald noch zu retten? - Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Waldbewirtschaftungsformen auf die natürliche Sukzession und die Bodenfeuchte - am Beispiel dreier Testflächen im Forstrevier Oberheimbach
Nils Lenard Grosch: Parameterstudie zur Synthese von Aluminium-Nonametaphosphaten
Stefanie Kröber: Sexuelle Gewalt gegen Kinder - Diskurs und Analyse therapeutischer Angebote für potenzielle Täter*innen
In the last decades, it became evident that the world is facing an unprecedented, human-induced global biodiversity crisis with amphibians being one of the most threatened species groups. About 41% of the amphibian species are classified as endangered by the IUCN, but even in amphibian species that are listed as "least concern", population declines can be observed on a local level. With land-use change and agrochemicals (i.e. pesticides), two of the main drivers for this amphibian decline are directly linked to intensive agriculture, which is the dominant landscape type in large parts of Europe. Thus, understanding the situation of amphibians in the agricultural landscape is crucial for conservation measures. In the present thesis, I investigated the effects of viticulture on amphibian populations around Landau in der Pfalz (Germany) in terms of habitat use, pesticide exposure, biometric traits as well as genetic and age structure. From the perspective of amphibians, land-use change means usually the destruction of habitats in agricultural landscapes, which often leads to landscape fragmentation. Thus, I followed the question if also vineyards lead to the fragmentation of the landscape and if pesticides that are frequently used in viticulture have to be considered as a factor too, so if there is a chemical landscape fragmentation. Using telemetry, I could show that common toads (Bufo bufo) can be found directly in vineyards, but that they tend to avoid them as habitat. Analysing the genetic structure of common frogs (Rana temporaria) revealed that vineyards have to be considered as a barrier for amphibians. To identify if pesticides contribute to the resulting landscape fragmentation, I conducted an arena choice experiment in the laboratory in which I found evidence for an avoidance of pesticide-contaminated soil. Such an avoidance could be one of the underlying reasons for a potential chemical landscape fragmentation. By combining telemetry data with information about pesticide applications from local wine growers, I could show that a large part of the common toads is likely to come in contact with pesticides. Further, I demonstrated that the agricultural landscape, probably due to the application of pesticides, can have negative effects on the reproduction capacity of common toads. By studying palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus) I found that adult newts from agricultural ponds are smaller than those from forest ponds. As I did not find differences in the age structure and growth, these differences might be carry-over effects from earlier life stages. While agricultural ponds might be suitable habitats for adult palmate newts, the potential carry-over effect indicates suboptimal conditions for larvae and/or juveniles. I conclude that the best management measure for sustaining amphibians in the agricultural landscape would be a heterogeneous cultural landscape with a mosaic of different habitat patches that work without or at least a reduced amount of pesticides. Green corridors between populations and different habitats would allow migrating individuals to avoid agricultural and thus pesticide-contaminated areas. This would reduce the pesticide exposure risk of amphibians, while preventing the fragmentation of the landscape and thus the isolation of populations.
This thesis was motivated by the need to advance the knowledge on the variability and dynamics of energy fluxes in lakes and reservoirs, as well as about the physical processes that regulate the fluxes at both the air and water side of the air-water interface.
In the first part, I re-examine how mechanical energy, resulting from its major source – the vertical wind energy flux - distributes into the various types of water motions, including turbulent flows and surface and internal waves. Although only a small fraction of the wind energy flux from the atmosphere is transferred to the water, it is crucial for physical, biogeochemical and ecological processes in lentic ecosystems. Based on extensive air- and water-side measurements collected at two small water bodies (< 10 km2), we estimated the energy fluxes and energy content in surface and in internal waves. Overall, the estimated energy fluxes and energy content agree well with results reported for larger water bodies, suggesting that the energetics driving the water motions in enclosed basins is similar, independently of the basin size. Our findings highlight the importance of the surface waves that receive the largest fraction of the wind energy flux, which strongly nonlinearly increases for wind speeds exceeding 3 m s-1. We found that the existing parameterization of the wave height as a function of wind speed and fetch length did not reproduce the measured wave amplitude in lakes. On average, the highest energy content was observed in basin-scale internal waves, together with high-frequency internal waves exhibiting seasonal variability and varies among the aquatic systems. During our analysis, we discovered the diurnal variability of the energy dissipation rates in the studied lake, suggesting biogenic turbulence generation, which appears to be a widespread phenomenon in lakes and reservoirs.
In the second part of the thesis, I addressed current knowledge gaps related to the bulk transfer coefficients (also known as the drag coefficient, the Stanton number and the Dalton number), which are of a particular importance for the bulk estimation of the surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat in the atmospheric boundary layer. Their inaccurate representation may lead to significant errors in flux estimates, affecting, for example, the weather and climate predictions or estimations of the near-surface current velocities in lake hydrodynamic models. Although the bulk transfer coefficients have been extensively studied over the past several decades (mainly in marine and large-lake environments), there has been no systematic analysis of measurements obtained at lakes of different size. A significant increase of the transfer coefficients at low wind speeds (< 3 m s-1) has been observed in several studies, but, to date, it has remained unexplained. We evaluated
the bulk transfer coefficients using flux measurements from 31 lakes and reservoirs. The estimates were generally within the range reported in previous studies for large lakes and oceans. All transfer coefficients increased substantially at low wind speeds, which was found to be associated with the presence of gusts and capillary waves (except the Dalton number). We found that the Stanton number is systematically higher than the Dalton number. This challenges the assumption made in the Bowen-ratio method, which is widely used for estimating evaporation rates from micrometeorological measurements. We found that the variability of the transfer coefficients among the lakes could be associated with lake surface area. In flux parameterizations at lake surfaces, it is recommended to consider variations in the drag coefficient and the Stanton number due to wind gustiness and capillary wave roughness while the Dalton number could be considered as constant at all wind speeds.
In the third part of the thesis, I address the key drivers of the near-surface turbulence that control the gas exchange in a large regulated river. As all inland waters, rivers are an important natural source of greenhouse gases. The effects of the widespread alteration and regulation of river flow for human demands on gas exchange is largely unknown. In particular, the near-surface turbulence in regulated rivers has been rarely measured and its drivers have not been identified. While in lakes and reservoirs, near-surface turbulence is mainly related to atmospheric forcing, in shallow rivers and streams it is generated by bottom friction of the gravity-forced flow. The studied large regulated river represents a transition between these two cases. Atmospheric forcing and gravity were the dominant drivers of the near-surface turbulence for a similar fraction of the measurement period. Based on validated scalings, we derived a simple model for estimating the relative contributions of wind and bottom friction to near-surface turbulence in lotic ecosystems with different flow depths. Large diel variability in the near-surface energy dissipation rates due to flow regulation leads to the same variability in gas exchange. This suggests that estimates of gas fluxes from rivers are biased by measurements performed predominantly during daytime.
In addition, the novelty in all the analyses described above is the use of the turbulent surface fluxes measured directly by the eddy-covariance technique – at the moment of writing, the most advanced method. Overall, this thesis is of a potential interest for a broad range of scientific disciplines, including limnology, micrometeorology and open channel hydraulics.
In der Biologie stellt das Zeichnen eine zentrale Arbeitstechnik dar. Viele Studien konnten auf einen positiven Effekt des Zeichnens für bestimmte Situationen hinweisen. Schülerinnen und Schüler müssen diese Technik jedoch zunächst erlernen. Hierbei können zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten auftreten, die die inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung gefährden. Jedoch wurden sowohl Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Repräsentationsformen als auch der Zeichenprozess bislang nur lückenhaft untersucht. Die Studie dieser Arbeit hat daher zum Ziel, (I) den Zeichenprozess auf der Ebene der Sichtstruktur zu beschreiben, (II) die manifesten Schwierigkeiten von Lernenden zu erfassen, auf die sie während der Konstruktion biologisch bedeutsamer Repräsentationsformen (Ablaufdiagramme, mikroskopische Zeichnungen) treffen, (III) und auf Grundlage der empirischen Befunde Schülertypen abzuleiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund waren 21 Schülerinnen und Schüler angehalten, jeweils ein Ablaufdiagramm auf Grundlage eines Texts und eine mikroskopische Zeichnung auf Grundlage eines Präparats zu konstruieren und dabei laut zu denken. Fragen zur Vorerfahrung sowie retrospektiv gestellte Fragen zum Vorgehen der Teilnehmenden umrahmten den videografisch dokumentierten Prozess. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Zeichenprozess mehr als zehn unterschiedliche Tätigkeiten umfassen kann, wobei die Kerntätigkeit des Zeichnens durchschnittlich nur rund ein Drittel des Prozesses ausmacht. Die Prozessstruktur zwischen Fällen variiert erheblich. Weiterhin konnten etwa 30 Schwierigkeiten bzw. Fehler identifiziert werden, die während der Konstruktion beider Repräsentationsformen auftreten. Diese können dabei sowohl einzelne als auch mehrere Tätigkeiten betreffen und zu Tätigkeitsabbrüchen führen. Schwierigkeiten stehen häufig in Verbindung mit Tätigkeiten, die außerhalb der Kerntätigkeit des Zeichnens liegen (z. B. Abgleich mit der Textgrundlage). Bezogen auf Ablaufdiagramme stellt das Verhältnis depiktional bzw. deskriptional dargestellter Textinformationen den Ausgangspunkt der Typisierung dar: Typ I: realistisch abbildend, II: alternierend abbildend und III: schriftorientiert abbildend. Für mikroskopische Zeichnungen war die Häufigkeit des Abgleichs mit dem Objekt grundlegend für die Typisierung: Typ I: oberflächlich abbildend, II: objektorientiert abbildend und III: undifferenziert detailliert abbildend. Die Studie liefert erstmals Kategoriensysteme, die es erlauben, die Prozessstruktur des Zeichnens sichtbar und zwischen Fällen vergleichbar zu machen sowie schwierigkeitsbezogenes Grundlagenwissen zur Konstruktion von Zeichnungen, basierend auf Texten und Beobachtungen. Die Übertragbarkeit der Befunde auf andere Repräsentationsformen ist an vielen Stellen denkbar. Die theoretisch fundierte Systematisierung von Schwierigkeiten kann von weiterführenden Untersuchungsansätze aufgegriffen werden und erlaubt die Verortung situationsangemessener Unterstützungsmaßnahmen.
Ponds in agricultural landscapes are often used by amphibians as breeding habitat. However, the characteristics of agricultural ponds and especially the surrounding area are usually said to be suboptimal for many amphibian species. Using suboptimal habitats might allow a species’ survival and reproduction, but can have negative consequences at the individual and population level. In the present study, we investigated Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus) populations from an intensive wine-growing region in southern Germany and compared them with populations located in a nearby forested area in terms of biometric traits, age and genetic structure. By analyzing over 900 adult newts from 11 ponds, we could show that newts reproducing in forest ponds were larger than newts reproducing in agricultural ponds. We did not find differences in the newt age and growth rate between habitat types. Therefore, differences in the body size of newts might already existed in larvae and/or juveniles, what might be related to a lower habitat quality for larvae and/or juveniles in the agricultural landscape. Body mass, body condition and sexual dimorphic traits (length of the caudal filament and max. height of the tail) correlated with body size, but no additional effect of the habitat type was found. The analysis of microsatellites revealed a higher genetic diversity in forest ponds. However, no clear sign of inbreeding was observed in any agricultural population, suggesting some degree of gene flow between them. We conclude, that agricultural ponds can be suitable habitats for the Palmate Newt and that conservation effort should aim to preserve them. The observed effects on body size indicate the need to increase the quality of the aquatic and terrestrial habitat for early life stages of this newt species in agricultural landscapes.
In this thesis the possibilities for real-time visualization of OpenVDB
files are investigated. The basics of OpenVDB, its possibilities, as well
as NanoVDB and its GPU port, were studied. A system was developed
using PNanoVDB, the graphics API port of OpenVDB. Techniques were
explored to improve and accelerate a single ray approach of ray tracing.
To prove real-time capability, two single scattering approaches were
also implemented. One of these was selected, further investigated and
optimized to achieve interactive real-time rendering.
It is important to give artists immediate feedback on their adjustments, as
well as the possibility to change all parameters to ensure a user friendly
creation process.
In addition to the optical rendering, corresponding benchmarks were
collected to compare different improvement approaches and to prove
their relevance. Attention was paid to the rendering times and memory
consumption on the GPU to ensure optimal use. A special focus, when
rendering OpenVDB files, was put on the integrability and extensibility of
the program to allow easy integration into an existing real-time renderer
like U-Render.
This dissertation is dedicated to a new concept for capturing renunciation-oriented attitudes and beliefs — sufficiency orientation. Sufficiency originates in the interdisciplinary sustain-ability debate. In contrast to efficiency and consistency, sufficiency considers human behaviour as the cause of socio-ecological crises and strives for a reduction in consumption respecting the planetary boundaries. The present work places sufficiency in a psychological research context and explores it qualitatively and quantitatively. On the basis of five manuscripts, the overarching question pursued is to what extent sufficiency orientation contributes to socio-ecological transformation. Based on one qualitative study and five further quantitative studies, sufficiency orientation is investigated in different behavioural contexts that are of particular importance with regard to CO2 emissions. In addition, sufficiency orientation is linked to a wider range of psychologically relevant theories that help gain an overview of correlates and possible causes for the development of a sufficiency orientation.
Manuscript 1 uses expert interviews (N = 21) to develop a heuristic framework on a transformation towards societal sufficiency orientation including barriers and enablers, as well as ambiguities on such a change. The derived elements are interpreted in the light of the leverage points approach. This framework can serve as a heuristic for future research and to develop measures concerning sufficiency orientation.
As part of an online study (N = 648), Manuscript 2 examines the extent to which sufficiency orientation can be embedded in classic models for explaining pro-environmental intentions and behaviour (Theory of Planned Behaviour, Norm Activation Model), and showed a significant contribution to the explanation of intentions and behaviour in the field of plastic consumption.
Manuscript 3 reports two framing experiments (Study 1, N = 123, Study 2, N = 330) to investigate how pro-social justice sensitivity contributes to making sufficiency orientation more salient and promoting it. While sufficiency orientation and pro-social facets of justice sensitivity were positively related to each other, there was no effect of the framing intervention in the hypothesised direction. The results indicate that justice-related information at least in the presented manner is more likely to generate reactance.
Manuscript 4 presents an online study (N = 317) and targets the importance of sufficiency orientation for predicting actual greenhouse gas emissions in relation to flight behav-iour and policy support for the decarbonisation of mobility. In addition, the connection between sufficiency orientation and global identity is examined. It turns out that sufficiency orientation is superior to global identity in predicting actual emissions and decarbonisation policies. Contrary to expectations, sufficiency orientation and the form of global identity operationalised in the presented study shows a positive correlation and are compatible.
Manuscript 5 reports a reflective diary intervention (N = 252) that should lead to a short- and long-term increase in sufficiency orientation by satisfying basic psychological needs through induced self-reflection. For both groups with or without the intervention, sufficiency orientation increased slightly but significantly. Although no specific effect of the manipulation was found, basic psychological need satisfaction turns out to be the largest predictor for sufficiency orientation. Subjective well-being is positively associated with sufficiency orientation, while time affluence shows no clear associations in the study.
Overall, the results highlight the relevance of sufficiency orientation in relation to socio-ecological transformation and actual behavioural change. Sufficiency orientation is related to low-emission behaviour and support for political measures to decarbonize infrastructures. These results contribute to the discussion on the intention-behaviour gap in regard to impact-relevant behaviour, i.e. behaviour producing high emissions. The present findings suggest, that sufficiency orientation could be related to a strong intention-behavioural consistency. However, further research is needed to validate these results and improve the measurement of sufficiency orientation. Furthermore, the studies provided insights on correlates of sufficiency orientation: justice sensitivity, global identity, subjective well-being and left-wing liberal political ideologies are all found to be positively related to sufficiency orien-tation. Moreover, basic psychological need satisfaction was identified as a potential mechanism that can support the emergence of sufficiency orientation, however, causality remains unclear. From these findings, the work derives practical implications how to possibly strengthen sufficiency orientation on the micro, meso and macro levels of society.
Taken together, the dissertation provides important insights into a new and still developing concept, and shows its connectivity to psychological theories. However, future research is required in order to grasp more precisely the complexity of sufficiency orientation and to understand origins and predictors of sufficiency orientation. This work contributes to the interdisciplinary debate on socio-ecological transformation and points out that sufficiency orientation can serve to a future worth living as being related to reduced consumption.
Social networks are ubiquitous structures that we generate and enrich every-day while connecting with people through social media platforms, emails, and any other type of interaction. While these structures are intangible to us, they carry important information. For instance, the political leaning of our friends can be a proxy to identify our own political preferences. Similarly, the credit score of our friends can be decisive in the approval or rejection of our own loans. This explanatory power is being leveraged in public policy, business decision-making and scientific research because it helps machine learning techniques to make accurate predictions. However, these generalizations often benefit the majority of people who shape the general structure of the network, and put in disadvantage under-represented groups by limiting their resources and opportunities. Therefore it is crucial to first understand how social networks form to then verify to what extent their mechanisms of edge formation contribute to reinforce social inequalities in machine learning algorithms.
To this end, in the first part of this thesis, I propose HopRank and Janus two methods to characterize the mechanisms of edge formation in real-world undirected social networks. HopRank is a model of information foraging on networks. Its key component is a biased random walker based on transition probabilities between k-hop neighborhoods. Janus is a Bayesian framework that allows to identify and rank plausible hypotheses of edge formation in cases where nodes possess additional information. In the second part of this thesis, I investigate the implications of these mechanisms - that explain edge formation in social networks - on machine learning. Specifically, I study the influence of homophily, preferential attachment, edge density, fraction of inorities, and the directionality of links on both performance and bias of collective classification, and on the visibility of minorities in top-k ranks. My findings demonstrate a strong correlation between network structure and machine learning outcomes. This suggests that systematic discrimination against certain people can be: (i) anticipated by the type of network, and (ii) mitigated by connecting strategically in the network.
This study examines the contribution of saving and credit cooperatives (SACCOS) on the improvement of members‘ socio economic development in Rwanda: Opportunities and challenges‖, Evidence from Umwalimu SACCO- Huye District‖. The appearance of saving and credit cooperatives or credit unions has been known as remedy for social ills rooted in poverty because of its efficiency in loans or credits dispensation, social equality for enhancement and reduction of poverty amongst low income earners. Therefore, millions and millions of poor people and non-bankable in developing countries (or third world countries) have been provided access to formal financial services through saving and credit cooperatives‘ programs.
The targeted population concerned by the study was 1,940 members of USACCO from which a sample of 92 respondents was purposively selected. The study has adopted a combination of correlation and descriptive research design. It has employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected using questionnaire and interview and, while secondary data was collected using documentations techniques whereby, Manual of procedures and Credit policies of USACCO and financial reports have been consulted. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 21. The data was presented in form of tables, charts and graphs designed by SPSS v. 21. The bio-characteristics of respondents showed that, the majority of respondents were women with 55.4%, majority of respondents‘ age is between 26 to 45 years Furthermore, and majority 77.20% of respondents were married. 100% of respondents attended school, where the majority of respondents attended secondary school with certificate A2.
The study has revealed that Umwalimu SACCO services offered to its members have a positive effect on the improvement of members‘ welfare. It was found that USACCO services have slightly affected income level of members, assets acquired, access to education and medical care as well as small income generating activities established by members in Huye District. The analysis of data also revealed that there are some variables which have effected USACCO members‘ socio-economic status, these were listed as: Education background of a member, number of dependents, the occupation of a member, and number of loans got from USACCO, government programs against teachers‘ welfare, and membership duration played very important role on the improvement of standard living of teachers. All these variables were found to have positive effects on teachers‘ socio-economic status, except the family size of respondents.
In addition, the findings showed that, the majority of respondents confirmed that, they did not find opportunities to save with other financial institutions, and other respondents did not have access to loan from other financial institutions due to complicated loan requirements. In addition, after they
have joined USACCO, their deplorable status somewhat changed, both socially and economically which has contributed to the improvement of their welfare. Therefore, the study testified that, the welfare of USACCO members in terms of assets acquired, income increased was improved compared to situation before joining USACCO. The study concludes that ―the level of improvement of living conditions of teachers depends largely to the level of loan granted by USACCO to teachers and membership duration. If the level of teachers‘ loan and saving increases, there will be also improvement of teachers‘ wellbeing‖ and finally, USACCO financial service is a veritable instrument for better improvement of economic and social conditions of teachers. The study recommends that, USACCO should provide frequent and regular trainings on business management game to their members. This could help members for good management of their loans and reducing loan defaulters‘ cases observed at USACCO. Challenges observed were lack of physical collateral security required by USACCO, complicated loan requirements terms and conditions and insufficient trainings on business management game.
Instructor feedback on written assignments is one of the most important elements in the writing process, especially for students writing in English as a foreign language. However, students are often critical of both the amount and quality of the feedback they receive. In order to better understand what makes feedback effective, this study explored the nature of students’ assessments of the educational alliance, and how their receptivity to, perceptions of, and decisions about using their instructors’ feedback differed depending on how strong they believed the educational alliance to be. This exploratory case study found that students not only assessed the quality of the educational alliance based on goal compatibility, task relevance, and teacher effectiveness, but that there was also a reciprocal relationship between these elements. Furthermore, students’ perceptions of the educational alliance directly influenced how they perceived the feedback, which made the instructor’s choice of feedback method largely irrelevant. Stronger educational alliances resulted in higher instances of critical engagement, intrinsic motivation, and feelings of self-efficacy. The multidirectional influence of goal, task, and bond mean that instructors who want to maximize their feedback efforts need to attend to all three.
The growing numbers of breeding rooks (Corvus frugilegus) in the city of Landau (Rhineland- Palatinate, Germany) increase the potential for conflict between rooks and humans, which is mainly associated with noise and faeces. Therefore, the aim of this work is a better understanding of the breeding tree selection of the rook in order to develop options for action and management in the future.
Part I of this thesis provides general background information on the rook and includes mapping of the rookeries in the Anterior Palatinate and South Palatinate including Landau in the year 2020. That mapping revealed that the number of rural colonies has decreased, while the number of urban colonies has increased in the study area in the last few years. In line with current literature, tree species and tree size were important criteria for breeding tree selection. However, the mapping showed that additional factors must be important as well.
Therefore, as rooks seem to often breed along traffic axes, Part II of this thesis examines how temperature, artificial light and noise, which are all linked to traffic axes, affect the breeding tree selection of the rook in the city of Landau. The following three hypotheses are developed: (1) manually selected breeding trees (Bm) have a warmer microclimate than manually selected non-breeding trees (Nm) or randomly selected non-breeding trees (Nr), (2) Bm are exposed to a higher light level than Nm or Nr and (3) Bm are exposed to a higher noise level than Nm or Nr. To test these hypotheses, 15 Bm, 13 Nm and 16 Nr are investigated.
The results show that Bm were exposed to more noise than both types of non-breeding trees (μBm, noise = 36.52481 dB, μNm, noise = 31.27229 dB, μNr, noise = 29.17417 dB) where the difference between Bm and Nr was significant. In addition, there was a tendency for Bm to be exposed to less light (μBm, light = 0.356 lx) than Nm (μNm, light = 0.4107692 lx) and significantly less light than Nr (μNr, light = 1.995 lx), while temperature did not differ between the groups (μBm, temp = 16.90549 °C, μNm, temp = 16.93118 °C, μNr, temp = 17.28639 °C).
This study shows for the first time that rooks prefer trees which are exposed to low light levels and high noise levels, i.e. more intense traffic noise, for breeding. It can only be speculated that the cause of this is lower enemy pressure at such sites. The fact that temperature does not seem to have any influence on breeding tree selection may be due to only small temperature differences at nest height, which might be compensated by breeding behaviour. Consequently, in the long term one management approach could be to divert traffic from inner-city areas, especially schools and hospitals, to bypasses. If tree genera suitable for rooks, such as plane trees, are planted along the bypasses, those sites could provide suitable alternative habitats to inner-city breeding locations, which become less attractive for breeding due to noise reduction. In the short term in addition to locally implemented repellent measures the most effective approach is to strengthen rook acceptance among the population. However, further research is needed to verify the results of this thesis and to gain further insights into rook breeding site selection in order to develop effective management measures.
Abstract zum Print-Buch: Walden, R. (2008). Architekturpsychologie: Schule, Hochschule und Bürogebäude der Zukunft. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers. Menschen wünschen sich im Allgemeinen „Kontrolle“ über ihre Umweltbedingungen (vgl. Flammer, 1990; Burger, 1992). Dieses Bedürfnis kommt in Form von Selbstgestaltungen von Architektur und Selbstregulierungen von Stressoren zum Ausdruck. Aus diesem Grund wird das Konzept der Umweltkontrolle als zentrales Kriterium für gebaute Umwelten in allen drei Fall-Studien zu Schule, Hochschule und Büro angewendet. Die Erhebung smethoden Programming (nutzerorientierte Programmentwicklung), User-Needs Analysis (Nutzer-Bedarfs-Analyse) und Post-Occupancy Evaluation werden im Hinblick auf ihren Stellenwert für die Building Performance Evaluation (Gebäudeleistungsevaluation) (Preiser & Schramm, 1997; 2005) erläutert. Der „Koblenzer Architekturfragebogen“ wird als Instrument zur Beurteilung von gebauten Umwelten in drei Varianten vorgestellt. Es werden zu den drei Studien jeweils ausgewählte Ergebnisse zu zwei verschiedenen Umweltbereichen berichtet.
Auswirkungen von Architektur auf Performance von Nutzern (vgl. BOSTI-Studien, 1984, 2001) werden im empirischen Teil in drei Studien zu innovativen Gebäuden (Waldorfschule in Köln, Universität in Koblenz, Post Tower in Bonn) ermittelt. Performance wird gemessen anhand von 1) Lern- und Arbeitsleistungen, 2) Wohlbefinden und 3) Umweltkontrolle sowie 4) Sozialverhalten im Fall der Schulstudie und mit der Hilfe von 16 (Bürogebäude) bzw. 21 (Universität) psychologischen Kriterien für den Erfolg von Organisationen. Ziel aller drei Studien ist unter anderem, das theoretische Konzept „Umweltkontrolle“ zu überprüfen und Empfehlungen für Verbesserungen von Um- bzw. Neubauten benennen zu können. Zwei zentrale Frages tellungen lauten daher: Unterscheidet sich in einer User-Needs Analysis eine Einschätzung des Gebäudes „zur Zeit“ von der Beurteilung der „Wichtigkeit in Zukunft“? Haben Merkmale der Architektur Auswirkungen auf die Performance-Kriterien?
Zu den Studien wurden drei Abbildungssätze nach dem Facettenansatz (Borg, 1996) und zwei Schemata zur Beurteilung der Qualität von Schul- und Bürogebäuden entwickelt. Aus den Schemata wurden zur Schule 139 Fragen für 26 Lehrer und 86 Fragen für 122 Schüler gewonnen, zur Hochschule 203 Fragen für 147 Studierende und 28 Dozenten sowie zu dem Bürogebäude 254 Fragen für 56 studentische Beurteiler. Einzelne Merkmale von Gebäuden wurden anhand einer Skala von +2 ☺☺ („zur Zeit“ sehr gut bzw. sehr wichtig „in Zukunft“) bis –2 // („zur Zeit“ sehr schlecht bzw. sehr unwichtig „in Zukunft“) bewertet. Die drei Performance-Hauptkriterien, insbesondere zu der Einschätzung der „Wichtigkeit in Zukunft“, korrelieren in der Regel in allen drei Studien substanziell und hoch signifikant miteinander, so dass erwartet werden kann, dass eine höhere Ei nschätzung von Umweltkontrolle durch die Nutzer
zu mehr Wohlbefinden führt und über beide Va riablen auch die Beurteilungen von Lern- und Arbeitsleistungen „in Zukunft“ gesteigert werden können. Nach den Ergebnissen der drei Studien wünschen si ch die Nutzer bzw. Beurteiler beispielsweise in allen drei Umwelten Rückzugsmöglichkeiten, in der Schule in Form von Schülerbüros, Nischen und Sitzgruppen im Klassenzimmer, in der Universität in Form von geschützten Bänken im Außenbereich und Arbeitstischen zum Beispiel in der Cafeteria und im Bürogebäude durch weniger Transparenz im Kombibüro und damit weniger Einsicht aller Tätigkeiten durch Vorgesetzte und Kollegen. Die in den drei Studien ermittelten Zusammenhänge der zentralen Perfor mance-Kriterien lassen begründet annehmen, dass durch gezielte Verbesserungen wichtiger Umweltaspekte, insbesondere solcher, die Umweltkontrolle ermöglichen, das Wohlbefinden und somit die Leistung von Nutzern positiv beeinflusst werden kann.
Resumen del libro impreso : Walden, R. (2008). Psicología arquitectónica: Escuela, escuela superior y edificios de oficinas del futuro. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers. Las personas desean, por lo general, un “contr ol“ sobre las condiciones de su entorno (comp. Flammer, 1990; Burger, 1992). Esta necesidad queda de manifiesto en forma de autoorganizaciones de la arquitectura y la autorregulación de los factores de estrés. Por esta razón, el concepto de control del medio ambiente se aplica como criterio central para los entornos construidos en los tres estudios de caso: de la escuela, de la universidad y de la s oficinas. Los métodos de encuesta "Programming" (desarrollo del programa orientado al usuario), "U ser-Needs Analysis" (análisis de necesidades del usuario) y "Post-Occupancy Evaluation" (análisis post-ocupacional) se explican con vistas a su importancia para la "Building Performance Evaluation" (evaluación del rendimiento del edificio) (Preiser & Araña, 1997; 2005). La “evaluación arquitectónica de Koblenz“ se presenta como instrumento para evaluar los entornos construidos en tres variantes. Los resultados elegidos de dichos tres estudios se relacionan, a su vez, con dos entornos diferentes. Los efectos de la arquitectura sobre el rendimiento de los usuarios (comp. Estudios BOSTI, 1984 y 2001) se establecen en la parte empírica en tres estudios de edificios innovadores (Escuela Waldorf en Köln, Universidad de Koblenz, Post Tower en Bonn). La eficacia se mide a través de: 1) el rendimiento de aprendizaje y laboral, 2) el bienestar y 3) el control del medio ambiente, así como 4) el comportamiento social en el caso del estudio escola r y con la ayuda de 16 (edificios de oficina) y 21 (universidades) criterios psicológicos para el éxito de las organizaciones. La meta de los tres estudios es, entre otras cosas, revisar el concepto teórico de "control del medio ambiente" y poder dar nuevas recomendaciones para mejorar en las reformas y ta mbién en las nuevas construcciones. Por eso, dos planteamientos centrales son: en el análisis de necesidades del usuario, la opinión del edificio "en la actualidad", ¿se diferencia de la evaluación de la “importancia en el futuro”?; las características de la arquitectura ¿tienen repercusión en los criterios de rendimiento?. Con los estudios se desarrollaron tres teoremas según el enfoque de facetas (Borg, 1996) y dos esquemas para la evaluación de calidad de los edificios escolares y de oficinas. De los esquemas se obtuvieron: para la escuela, 139 preguntas para 26 profesores y 86 preguntas para 122 alumnos; para la escuela superior, 203 preguntas para 147 estudian tes y 28 docentes, así como para el edificio de oficinas 254 preguntas para 56 censores estudiantiles. Las características particulares de los edificios se calificaron mediante una escala de +2 ☺☺ ("en la actualidad" muy buenas y “en el futuro” muy importantes respectivamente) a –2 // ("en la actualidad" muy malas y “en el futuro“ muy insignificantes respectivamente). Los tres criterios principales de rendimiento, especialmente para la evaluación de la “importancia en el futuro“, están correlacionados uno con el otro en los tres estudios, por lo general, de manera sustancial y muy significativa, de manera que se puede esperar que una evaluación superior del control del medio ambiente llevada a cabo por los usuarios conduzca a más bienestar y que, sobre ambas variables, también puedan ser aumentadas las evaluaciones de rendimientos de aprendizaje y laboral “en el futuro“. Según los resultados de los tres estudios, los usuarios y los censores desean por ejemplo, en los tres entornos, la posibilidad de retiro: en la escuela, en forma de oficinas de alumnos, nichos y tresillos en el aula; en la universidad, en forma de bancos protegidos en el área exterior y mesas de trabajo, por ejemplo, en la cafetería; y en el edificio de ofic inas a través de menos transparencia en las oficinas compartidas y con eso menos visión de todas las actividades entre jefes y compañeros. Las relaciones de los criterios de rendimiento centrales establecidas en los tres estudios dejan suponer de modo justificado que, mediante mejoras concretas de aspectos importantes del entorno -sobre todo de aquellos que permiten el control del mismo-, se puede influir de manera positiva sobre el bienestar y, con esto, sobre el rendimiento de los usuarios. Palabras claves: necesidades del usuario, análisis; evaluación del rendimiento del edificio; control del medio ambiente (autoorganización, regulación de los factores de estrés, control social), bienestar, rendimientos de aprendizaje y laboral, comportamiento social; criterios del éxito de las Resumen 5 organizaciones; teoría de las facetas; esquema para la evaluación de la calidad de los edificios; recomendaciones para la construcción de edificios con visión de futuro.
The presented study was motivated by the dynamic phenomena observed in basic catalytic surface reactions, especially by bi- and tristability, and the interactions between these stable states. In this regard, three reaction-diffusion models were developed and examined using bifurcation theory and numerical simulations.
A first model was designed to extend the bistable CO oxidation on Ir(111) to include hydrogen and its oxidation. The differential equation system was analyzed within the framework of bifurcation theory, revealing three branches of stable solutions.
One state is characterized by high formation rates (upper rate state, UR), while the other two branches display low formation rates (lower rate (LR) \& very low rate (VLR) states).
The overlapping branches form the shape of a `swallowtail', the curve of saddle-node bifurcations forming two cusps. Increasing the temperature leads to a subsequent unfolding and hence decreases the system complexity.
A series of numerical simulations representing possible experiments was conducted to illustrate the experimental accessibility (or the lack) of said states. Relaxation experiments show partially long decay times. Quasistatic scanning illustrates the existence of all three states within the tristable regime and their respective conversion once crossing a fold.
A first attempt regarding the state dominance in reaction-diffusion fronts was done. While UR seems to dominate in 1D, a 2D time-evolution shows that LR invades the interphase between UR and VLR.
Subsequently, a generic monospecies mock model was used for the comprehensive study of reaction-diffusion fronts. A quintic polynomial as reaction term was chosen, derived by the sixth-order potential associated with the `butterfly bifurcation'. This ensures up to three stable solutions($u_{0}$,$u_{1}$,$u_{2}$), depending on the four-dimensional parameter space.
The model was explored extensively, identifying regions with similar behaviors.
A term for the front velocity connecting two stable states was derived, depending only on the relative difference of the states' potential wells.
Equipotential curves were found, where the front velocity vanishes of a given front. Numerical simulations on a two-dimensional, finite disk using a triangulated mesh supported these findings.
Additionally, the front-splitting instability was observed for certain parameters. The front solution $u_{02}$ becomes unstable and divides into $u_{01}$ and $u_{12}$, exhibiting different front velocities. A good estimate for the limit of the front splitting region was given and tested using time evolutions.
Finally, the established mock model was modified from continuous to discrete space, utilizing a simple domain in 1D and three different lattices in 2D (square, hexagonal, triangular).
For low diffusivities or large distances between coupling nodes, fronts can become pinned, if the parameters are within range of the equipotential lines. This phenomenon is known as propagation failure and its extent in parameter space was explored in 1D. In 2D, an estimate was given for remarkable front orientations respective to the lattice using a pseudo-2D approximation. Near the pinning region, front velocities differ significantly from the continuous expectation as the shape of the curve potential becomes significant. Factors that decide the size and shape of the pinning regions are the coupling strength, the lattice, the front orientation relative to the lattice, and the front itself. The bifurcation diagram shows a snaking curve in the pinning region, each alternating branch representing a stable or unstable frozen front solution. Numerical simulations supported the observations concerning propagation failure and lattice dependence.
Furthermore, the influence of front orientation on the front velocity was explored in greater detail, showing that fronts with certain lattice-dependent orientations are more or less prone to propagation failure. This leads to the possibility of pattern formation, reflecting the lattice geometry. An attempt to quantify the front movement depending on angular front orientation has shown reasonable results and good agreement with the pseudo-2D approach.
Beim Zugang zur dualen Berufsausbildung haben Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Migrationshintergrund schlechtere Chancen in eine betriebliche Berufsausbildung einzumünden. Vermehrt wird ein Forschungsbedarf thematisiert, der den Blick darauf richtet, wie die entsprechenden Auswahlentscheidungen in den Betrieben getroffen werden. Die Dissertation setzt an dieser Frage an und befasst sich mittels eines biographischen Zugangs mit den Personalentscheiderinnen und Personalentscheidern, den sogenannten Gatekeepern, in den Betrieben. Im Erkenntnisinteresse steht die Frage, ob und wie biographische Erfahrungen Bedeutung für Auswahlentscheidungen zugunsten zugewanderter junger Menschen haben.
Abstract for the print-book: Walden, R. (2008). Architectural Psychology: School, University Campus, and Office Building of the Future. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers (in German). The need for display of self in architecture and for users' self-regulation of stress factors, which demonstrate that users crave individual control of their environment (cf. Flammer, 1990; Burger, 1992) motivated this study to use the concept of environmental control as a central criterion for the evaluation of built environment. It was applied to three case studies: a school, a university campus, and an office building. Advantages and disadvantages of the data- gathering methods of architectural Programming, User-Needs Analysis, and Post-Occupancy Evaluation were analyzed to highlight their significance in terms of Building Performance Evaluation as described by Preiser and Sc hramm (1997, 2005). The “Koblenz Architecture Questionnaire” was used as an instrument for assessing the built environment of the three case studies, and the study reports selected findings from these questionnaires. The investigation seeks to determine the effect of architecture - especially buildings' provisions for user control of environmental conditions - on user performance (cf. BOSTI studies, 1984, 2001) in three innovative buildings: the Waldorf School in Cologne, the new campus for the University in Koblenz, and the Office Tower of the Deutsche Post World Net AG in Bonn. Performance is measured in terms of (1) Lear ning and Work Efficiency, (2) Well-being, (3) Environmental Control, (4) Social Behavior (the latter just for the school project), and by means of 21 and 16 additional psychological criteria for success of the organization in the cases of the university and the office building, respectively. The study aims, among other things, at reassessing the theoretical concept of 'environmental control' and at making recommendations for both improvement of existing buildings and the design of new projects. Two central questions are: In User-Needs Analysis, what is the difference between the assessment of a building for its current use and its estimated performance in future? Do certain architectural features influence user assessments on the given performance criteria? In the studies, three mapping sentences were developed according to the 'facet approach' (Borg, 1996) as well as two systems to judge the quality of school and office buildings. Using these systems, information was obtained in all three studies to construct questionnaires. In the school study, teachers were asked 139 questions, pupils 86 questions. Responses were obtained from 26 teachers and 122 pupils. For the university, 147 students and 28 faculty members responded to 203 questions. For the office building, 56 student-experts were asked 254 questions. Characteristics of the built environment were rated using the following scale: +2 ☺☺ (very good “at present”, and accordingly very important “in the future”) down to –2 // (very bad “at present”, and very unimportant “in the future”). A general finding was a high and significant co rrelation between the responses for the three main performance criteria in all three case studies, especially for the 'importance for the future' aspect. This supports the conclusion that a perception of higher degree of environmental control by users will lead to an increased sense of well-being and consequently, there will also be a higher expectation of improved work or learning efficiency 'in the future'. The three studies further show for example that users in all three environments desire 'retreat opportunities' which may take the form of student offices in schools, niches and small group seating in classrooms, and sheltered seating in outdoor areas and work tables in the cafeteria for the university. For the offices, users wanted more visual privacy (less transparent office partitions in Combi Offices) for less visual control of their activities by supervisors and co-workers. The relationships found by the studies between the responses on the central performance criteria and the spatial characteristics of the three buildings support the contention that focused improvements in the built environment, especially with respect to features that enhance user control of environmental conditions, will influence users’ well-being as well as work performance and work or learning efficiency in a positive way.
Fünfundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau und der Hochschule Koblenz
Satzung über die Leitung und die innere Struktur wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen und Betriebseinheiten der Universität Koblenz
Satzung zur Festsetzung der Normwerte für den Ausbildungsaufwand (Curricularnormwerte) der Universität Koblenz-Landau – Campus Koblenz
Satzung zur Festsetzung von Zulassungszahlen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau – Campus Koblenz für das Studienjahr 2022/2023
Satzung zur Festsetzung der Normwerte für den Ausbildungsaufwand (Curricularnormwerte) der Universität Koblenz-Landau – Campus Landau
Satzung zur Festsetzung von Zulassungszahlen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau – Campus Landau für das Studienjahr 2022/2023
Wahlordnung für die Wahlen der Organe der Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
Grundordnung der Rheinland-Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
Zehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Bachelorstudiengang Umweltwissenschaften und in den Masterstudiengängen Umweltwissenschaften / Environmental Sciences und Ecotoxicology (Environmental Pollution Management) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau
Agricultural plastic covers made from polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) provide increased yields and an improved crop quality. However, such covers are suspected of partially breaking down into smaller debris and thereby contributing to soil pollution with microplastics. To scrutinize this, we randomly sampled 240 topsoil cores (0–5 cm) from eight fields which were covered with fleeces, perforated foils, and plastic mulches for less than 2 years. Samples from the field periphery (50 m perimeter) served as a reference. Visual plastic debris > 2 mm was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Smaller, soil-associated plastic debris was dispersed from 50 g of fine soil (≤ 2 mm) using sodium hexametaphosphate solution and density-separated with saturated NaCl solution. The collected PE, PP, and polystyrene (PS) debris was selectively dissolved in a mixture of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and p-xylene at 150 °C and quantified by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). We counted six PE and PS fragments > 2 mm in two out of eight fields. By contrast, Py-GC/MS detected PE, PP, and PS contents in the fine soil of six fields (6 % of all samples). In three fields, PE levels of 3–35 mg kg−1 were potentially associated with the use of thinner and less durable perforated foils (40 µm thickness). This was slightly more pronounced at field edges where the plastic covers are turned and weighed down. By contrast, 50 µm thick PE films were not shown to emit any plastic debris. PP contents of 5–10 mg kg−1 were restricted to single observations in the field centers of three sites. At one site, we found expanded PS particles > 2 mm that concurred with elevated PS levels (8–19 mg kg−1) in the fine soil. Both PP and PS were distributed indistinctly across sites so that their source remained unresolved. In addition, the extent to which plastic contents of up to 7 mg kg−1 in the field periphery of some sites were attributed to wind drift from the covered fields or from external sources needs to be investigated in future studies. Our results suggest that the short-term use of thicker and more durable plastic covers should be preferred over thinner or perforated films to limit plastic emissions and accumulation in soil.
This thesis explores a 3D object detection and pose estimation approach based on the point pair features method presented by Drost et. al. [Dro+10]. While pose estimation methods have shown good improvements, they still remain a crucial problem on the computer vision field. In this work, we implemented a program that takes point cloud scenes as input and returns the detected object with their estimated pose. The program fully covers an object detection pipeline by processing 3D models during an offline phase, extracting their point pair features and creating a global descriptor out of them. During an online phase, the same features are extracted from a point cloud scene and are matched to the model features. After the voting scheme, potential poses of the object are retrieved. The poses end being clustered together and post-processed to finally deliver a result. The program was tested using simulated and real data. We evaluate these tests and present the final results, by discussing the achieved accuracy of the detections and the estimated poses.
These proceedings contain 6 papers presented at the 1st Interdisciplinary Conference on Gamification and Entrepreneurship (StartPlay) 2022. The conference was held at the University of Koblenz-Landau in Koblenz, Germany, on August 05-06, 2022.
Game-Balance Simulation as a Tool for the Evaluation of
Systematically Designed Gamification Strategies
Authors: David Kessing, Manuel Löwer
A Canvas Framework for Gameful Design Concepts
Authors: Max Höllen, Thomas Voit
Gamified Sustainable Entrepreneurship Education –
A digital Educational Escape Room for economy classes
in German High Schools
Authors: Jürgen Frentz, Marie Tuchscherer, Claudia Wiepcke
Playing Positive Psychology: The Development of a
Positive-Psychological Board Game for Team Building
Authors: Leonie Kloep, Anna-Lena Helten, Corinna Peifer
Gamification Design for Goal Activation and Goal Striving
in Digital Marketing and Innovation Management
Authors: Jenny V. Bittner, Christian Wellmann
Gamification of Assembly Routines: Planned User Study
Evaluating a Level System with Customized Feedback
Elements
Authors: Jessica Ulmer, Sebastian Braun, Jörg Wollert
This study was conducted in Nyungwe National Park (NNP); a biodiversity hotspot Mountain rainforest of high conservation importance in Central Africa, but with little knowledge of its insect communities including butterflies, good indicators of climate change, and forest ecosystem health. The study aimed at availing baseline data on butterfly species diversity and distribution in NNP, for future use in monitoring climate change-driven shifts and the effects of forest fragmentation on the biodiversity of Nyungwe. Butterflies were collected seasonally using fruit-baited traps and hand nets along elevational transects spanning from 1700 m up to 2950 m of altitude. Two hundred forty-two species including 28 endemics to the Albertine Rift and 18 potential local climate change indicators were documented. Species richness and abundance declined with increasing elevation and higher seasonal occurrence was observed during the dry season. This was the first study on the spatial and temporal distribution of butterflies in NNP and further studies could be conducted to add more species and allow a depth understanding of the ecology of Nyungwe butterflies.
Semantic Web technologies have been recognized to be key for the integration of distributed and heterogeneous data sources on the Web, as they provide means to define typed links between resources in a dynamic manner and following the principles of dataspaces. The widespread adoption of these technologies in the last years led to a large volume and variety of data sets published as machine-readable RDF data, that once linked constitute the so-called Web of Data. Given the large scale of the data, these links are typically generated by computational methods that given a set of RDF data sets, analyze their content and identify the entities and schema elements that should be connected via the links. Analogously to any other kind of data, in order to be truly useful and ready to be consumed, links need to comply with the criteria of high quality data (e.g., syntactically and semantically accurate, consistent, up-to-date). Despite the progress in the field of machine learning, human intelligence is still essential in the quest for high quality links: humans can train algorithms by labeling reference examples, validate the output of algorithms to verify their performance on a data set basis, as well as augment the resulting set of links. Humans —especially expert humans, however, have limited availability. Hence, extending data quality management processes from data owners/publishers to a broader audience can significantly improve the data quality management life cycle.
Recent advances in human computation and peer-production technologies opened new avenues for human-machine data management techniques, allowing to involve non-experts in certain tasks and providing methods for cooperative approaches. The research work presented in this thesis takes advantage of such technologies and investigates human-machine methods that aim at facilitating link quality management in the Semantic Web. Firstly, and focusing on the dimension of link accuracy, a method for crowdsourcing ontology alignment is presented. This method, also applicable to entities, is implemented as a complement to automatic ontology alignment algorithms. Secondly, novel measures for the dimension of information gain facilitated by the links are introduced. These entropy-centric measures provide data managers with information about the extent the entities in the linked data set gain information in terms of entity description, connectivity and schema heterogeneity. Thirdly, taking Wikidata —the most successful case of a linked data set curated, linked and maintained by a community of humans and bots— as a case study, we apply descriptive and predictive data mining techniques to study participation inequality and user attrition. Our findings and method can help community managers make decisions on when/how to intervene with user retention plans. Lastly, an ontology to model the history of crowd contributions across marketplaces is presented. While the field of human-machine data management poses complex social and technical challenges, the work in this thesis aims to contribute to the development of this still emerging field.
Einunddreißigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen
Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-
Landau, Campus Landau
Siebenundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der
Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung in den Masterstudiengängen für das Lehramt an Grundschulen, das Lehramt an Realschulen plus, das Lehramt an Förderschulen sowie das Lehramt an Gymnasien an der
Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau
Sechsundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der
Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen
Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der
Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau
Zweite Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung
für den Bachelorstudiengang „Mensch und Umwelt:
Psychologie, Kommunikation, Ökonomie“ an der Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau
Achte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung
für den Bachelorstudiengang und den Masterstudiengang
„Sozial- und Kommunikationswissenschaften“
des Fachbereichs 6: Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften
an der Universität Koblenz-Landau
Vierundzwanzigste Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau,
Campus Landau
Zweite Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung
für die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge des Fachbereichs Informatik an der Universität Koblenz-
Landau