Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (23) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Crayfish plague (2)
- Freshwater crayfish (2)
- Anabaena sp. (1)
- Antagonistic interactions (1)
- Aphanomyces astaci (1)
- Astacus astacus (1)
- Barbatula barbatula (1)
- Belonging (1)
- Bodenchemie (1)
- CAT (1)
- Calothrix desertica (1)
- Carnivora (1)
- Connectedness (1)
- Cottus gobio (1)
- EPS (1)
- FCS (1)
- Faxonius limosus (1)
- Grayscale (1)
- Problematic smartphone use (1)
- Procambarus virginalis (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- STEM (1)
- Smartphone addiction (1)
- Suffering (1)
- Types of smartphone use (1)
- Ubuntu (1)
- X-ray computer tomography (XRT) (1)
- acid leaching (1)
- age cohorts (1)
- aggregation (1)
- anomalous colouration (1)
- bauxite (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biorecovery (1)
- biosynthesis (1)
- color morphs (1)
- control beliefs (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- density separation (1)
- digestion (1)
- digital image analysis (1)
- digital image processing (1)
- emic-etic (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- excess deaths (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gender stereotypes (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- growth monitoring (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- invasive crayfish (1)
- iron removal (1)
- nanoparticle size distribution (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanoplastics (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- personnel psychology (1)
- plastic debris (1)
- prognosis model (1)
- prosocialness (1)
- pyrrole (1)
- pyrrolone (1)
- refractory grade (1)
- sample pretreatment (1)
- self-love (1)
- shape classification (1)
- skin conductance (1)
- soil organic matter (1)
- spatial abilities (1)
- transcultural (1)
- well-being (1)
Institut
- Institut für Psychologie (6)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Chemie (3)
- Fachbereich 7 (2)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Physik (2)
- Arbeitsbereich Sozial- und Wirtschaftspsychologie (1)
- Fachbereich 4 (1)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Biologie (1)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften (1)
- Mathematisches Institut (1)
The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H24NO2)], which is produced by the oxidation of 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-ethyl-3-ferrocenylpyrrole, crystallizes as a racemic mixture in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The central heterocyclic pyrrole ring system subtends dihedral angles of 13.7 (2)° with respect to the attached cyclopentadienyl ring and of 43.6 (7)° with the major component of the disordered phenyl group bound to the N atom. The 4-tert-butylphenyl group, as well as the non-substituted Cp ring are disordered with s.o.f. values of 0.589 (16) and 0.411 (16), respectively. In the crystal, molecules with the same absolute configuration are linked into infinite chains along the b-axis direction by O—H···O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy substituent and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent molecule.
Background: For over a century, scientists have studied host-pathogen interactions between the crayfish plague disease agent Aphanomyces astaci and freshwater crayfish. It has been hypothesised that North American crayfish hosts are disease-resistant due to the long-lasting coevolution with the pathogen. Similarly, the increasing number of latent infections reported in the historically sensitive European crayfish hosts seems to indicate that similar coevolutionary processes are occurring between European crayfish and A. astaci. Our current understanding of these host-pathogen interactions is largely focused on the innate immunity processes in the crayfish haemolymph and cuticle, but the molecular basis of the observed disease-resistance and susceptibility remain unclear. To understand how coevolution is shaping the host’s molecular response to the pathogen, susceptible native European noble crayfish and invasive disease-resistant marbled crayfish were challenged with two A. astaci strains of different origin: a haplogroup A strain (introduced to Europe at least 50 years ago, low virulence) and a haplogroup B strain (signal crayfish in lake Tahoe, USA, high virulence). Here, we compare the gene expression profiles of the hepatopancreas, an integrated organ of crayfish immunity and metabolism.
Results: We characterised several novel innate immune-related gene groups in both crayfish spe cies. Across allchallenge groups, we detected 412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the noble crayfish, and 257 DEGs in the marbled crayfish. In the noble crayfish, a clear immune response was detected to the haplogroup B strain, but not to the haplogroup A strain. In contrast, in the marbled crayfish we detected an immune response to the haplogroup A strain, but not to the haplogroup B strain. Conclusions: We highlight the hepatopancreas as an important hub for the synthesis of immune molecules in the response to A. astaci. A clear distinction between the innate immune response in the marbled crayfish and the noble crayfish is the capability of the marbled crayfish to mobilise a higher variety of innate immune response effectors.
Objectives: Crayfish plague disease, caused by the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces astaci represents one of the greatest risks for the biodiversity of the freshwater crayfish. This data article covers the de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation data of the noble crayfish and the marbled crayfish challenged with Ap. astaci. Following the controlled infection experiment (Francesconi et al. in Front Ecol Evol, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.647037), we conducted a differential gene expression analysis described in (Boštjančić et al. in BMC Genom, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08571-z) Data description: In total, 25 noble crayfish and 30 marbled crayfish were selected. Hepatopancreas tissue was isolated, followed by RNA sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Raw data was checked for quality with FastQC, adapter and quality trimming were conducted using Trimmomatic followed by de novo assembly with Trinity. Assembly quality was assessed with BUSCO, at 93.30% and 93.98% completeness for the noble crayfish and the marbled crayfish, respectively. Transcripts were annotated using the Dammit! pipeline and assigned to KEGG pathways. Respective transcriptome and raw datasets may be reused as the reference transcriptome assemblies for future expression studies.
The production of isolated metallic nanoparticles with multifunctionalized properties, such as size and shape, is crucial for biomedical, photocatalytic, and energy storage or remediation applications. This study investigates the initial particle formations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bioproduced in the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images for digital image analysis. The developed method enabled the discovery of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs), which were biosynthesized in the cyanobacteria Calothrix desertica. The particle size distributions for AuNPs and CeNPs were analyzed. After 10 h, the average equivalent circular diameter for AuNPs was 4.8 nm, while for CeNPs, it was approximately 5.2 nm after 25 h. The initial shape of AuNPs was sub-round to round, while the shape of CeNPs was more roundish due to their amorphous structure and formation restricted to heterocysts. The local PSDs indicate that the maturation of AuNPs begins in the middle of vegetative cells and near the cell membrane, compared to the other regions of the cell.
Herein, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and shape analysis of in vivo bioproduced particles from aqueous Au3+ and Eu3+ solutions by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. are examined in detail at the nanoscale. Generally, biosynthesis is affected by numerous parameters. Therefore, it is challenging to find the key set points for generating tailored nanoparticles (NPs). PSDs and shape analysis of the Au and Eu-NPs were performed with ImageJ using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. As the HR-TEM image analysis reflects only a fraction of the detected NPs within the cells, additional PSDs of the complete cell were performed to determine the NP count and to evaluate the different accuracies. Furthermore, local PSDs were carried out at five randomly selected locations within a single cell to identify local hotspots or agglomerations. The PSDs show that particle size depends mainly on contact time, while the particle shape is hardly affected. The particles formed are distributed quite evenly within the cells. HR-PSDs for Au-NPs show an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of 8.4 nm (24 h) and 7.2 nm (51 h). In contrast, Eu-NPs preferably exhibit an average ECD of 10.6 nm (10 h) and 12.3 nm (244 h). Au-NPs are classified predominantly as “very round” with an average reciprocal aspect ratio (RAR) of ~0.9 and a Feret major axis ratio (FMR) of ~1.17. Eu-NPs mainly belong to the “rounded” class with a smaller RAR of ~0.6 and a FMR of ~1.3. These results show that an increase in contact time is not accompanied by an average particle growth for Au-NPs, but by a doubling of the particle number. Anabaena sp. is capable of biosorbing and bioreducing dissolved Au3+ and Eu3+ ions from aqueous solutions, generating nano-sized Au and Eu particles, respectively. Therefore, it is a low-cost, non-toxic and effective candidate for a rapid recovery of these sought-after metals via the bioproduction of NPs with defined sizes and shapes, providing a high potential for scale-up.
Recent studies show that biofilm substances in contact with nanoplastics play an important role in the aggregation and sedimentation of nanoplastics. Consequences of these processes are changes in biofilm formation and stability and changes in the transport and fate of pollutants in the environment. Having a deeper understanding of the nanoplastics–biofilm interaction would help to evaluate the risks posed by uncontrolled nanoplastic pollution. These interactions are impacted by environmental changes due to climate change, such as, e.g., the acidification of surface waters. We apply fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate the pH-dependent aggregation tendency of non-functionalized polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) due to intermolecular forces with model extracellular biofilm substances. Our biofilm model consists of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which serves as a representative for globular proteins, and the polysaccharide alginate, which is a main component in many biofilms, in solutions containing Na+ with an ionic strength being realistic for fresh-water conditions. Biomolecule concentrations ranging from 0.5 g/L up to at maximum 21 g/L are considered. We use non-functionalized PS NPs as representative for mostly negatively charged nanoplastics. BSA promotes NP aggregation through adsorption onto the NPs and BSA-mediated bridging. In BSA–alginate mixtures, the alginate hampers this interaction, most likely due to alginate–BSA complex formation. In most BSA–alginate mixtures as in alginate alone, NP aggregation is predominantly driven by weaker, pH-independent depletion forces. The stabilizing effect of alginate is only weakened at high BSA contents, when the electrostatic BSA–BSA attraction is not sufficiently screened by the alginate. This study clearly shows that it is crucial to consider correlative effects between multiple biofilm components to better understand the NP aggregation in the presence of complex biofilm substances. Single-component biofilm model systems based on comparing the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extracellular biofilm substances, as usually considered, would have led to a misjudgment of the stability towards aggregation.
In Western personnel psychology, control beliefs are a valued predictor for work-related outcomes. Yet, little is known about the culture-specific functioning of control in East Africa. Kenya, as an Ubuntu culture, is examined regarding control beliefs and contrasted with a German sample considered to represent an individualistic or Western culture. Responses to N=143 quantitative personality tests were attended with qualitative interviews on control beliefs (self-concept of ability, internality, powerful others, and chance). Content validity and factor structure of control beliefs were analyzed, followed by a Procrustean target rotation. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of job performance, achievement motivation, and well-being. Item comprehension, as well as factor structure of the four control aspects, differ between the two samples. In particular, the ‘powerful others’ control aspect diverges the most between the cultures. Linear regression analyses showed comparable, but not fully congruent predictability. Results indicate that an uncritical transfer of the control beliefs measure from one culture to another is inappropriate. Results fit in the picture of African Ubuntu philosophy, emphasizing social-relational aspects shaping control beliefs. More emic-etic based research is demanded concerning intra- and intercultural variability of control beliefs to depict a transcultural applicable and invariant model.
Ponds in agricultural landscapes are often used by amphibians as breeding habitat. However, the characteristics of agricultural ponds and especially the surrounding area are usually said to be suboptimal for many amphibian species. Using suboptimal habitats might allow a species’ survival and reproduction, but can have negative consequences at the individual and population level. In the present study, we investigated Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus) populations from an intensive wine-growing region in southern Germany and compared them with populations located in a nearby forested area in terms of biometric traits, age and genetic structure. By analyzing over 900 adult newts from 11 ponds, we could show that newts reproducing in forest ponds were larger than newts reproducing in agricultural ponds. We did not find differences in the newt age and growth rate between habitat types. Therefore, differences in the body size of newts might already existed in larvae and/or juveniles, what might be related to a lower habitat quality for larvae and/or juveniles in the agricultural landscape. Body mass, body condition and sexual dimorphic traits (length of the caudal filament and max. height of the tail) correlated with body size, but no additional effect of the habitat type was found. The analysis of microsatellites revealed a higher genetic diversity in forest ponds. However, no clear sign of inbreeding was observed in any agricultural population, suggesting some degree of gene flow between them. We conclude, that agricultural ponds can be suitable habitats for the Palmate Newt and that conservation effort should aim to preserve them. The observed effects on body size indicate the need to increase the quality of the aquatic and terrestrial habitat for early life stages of this newt species in agricultural landscapes.
Reducing gender bias in STEM is key to generating more equality and contributing to a more balanced workforce in this field. Spatial ability and its components are cognitive processes crucial to success in STEM education and careers. Significant gender differences have consistently been found in mental rotation (MR), the ability to mentally transform two- and three-dimensional objects. The aim of this pilot study is to examine factors in psychological assessment which may contribute to gender differences in MR performance. Moreover, findings will inform the development of the new approaches to assessment using computer adaptive testing (CAT). (1) Background: The study examines the impact of emotional regulation on MR performance in primary school children whose mean age was 9.28 years old. (2) Methods: Skin conductance was measured to assess the impact of emotional reactivity (ER) on performance during an MR task. (3) Results: Patterns of ER influence response time (RT) on specific items in the task. (4) Conclusions: Identifying the effects of emotional arousal and issues of test construction such as stereotyped stimuli and item difficulty in tests of spatial ability warrants ongoing investigation. It is vital to ensure that these factors do not compromise the accurate measurement of performance and inadvertently contribute to the gender gap in STEM.
This work addresses the challenge of calibrating multiple solid-state LIDAR systems. The study focuses on three different solid-state LIDAR sensors that implement different hardware designs, leading to distinct scanning patterns for each system. Consequently, detecting corresponding points between the point clouds generated by these LIDAR systems—as required for calibration—is a complex task. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a method that involves several steps. First, the measurement data are preprocessed to enhance its quality. Next, features are extracted from the acquired point clouds using the Fast Point Feature Histogram method, which categorizes important characteristics of the data. Finally, the extrinsic parameters are computed using the Fast Global Registration technique. The best set of parameters for the pipeline and the calibration success are evaluated using the normalized root mean square error. In a static real-world indoor scenario, a minimum root mean square error of 7 cm was achieved. Importantly, the paper demonstrates that the presented approach is suitable for online use, indicating its potential for real-time applications. By effectively calibrating the solid-state LIDAR systems and establishing point correspondences, this research contributes to the advancement of multi-LIDAR fusion and facilitates accurate perception and mapping in various fields such as autonomous driving, robotics, and environmental monitoring.