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Institut
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Biologie (23) (entfernen)
This study was conducted in Nyungwe National Park (NNP); a biodiversity hotspot Mountain rainforest of high conservation importance in Central Africa, but with little knowledge of its insect communities including butterflies, good indicators of climate change, and forest ecosystem health. The study aimed at availing baseline data on butterfly species diversity and distribution in NNP, for future use in monitoring climate change-driven shifts and the effects of forest fragmentation on the biodiversity of Nyungwe. Butterflies were collected seasonally using fruit-baited traps and hand nets along elevational transects spanning from 1700 m up to 2950 m of altitude. Two hundred forty-two species including 28 endemics to the Albertine Rift and 18 potential local climate change indicators were documented. Species richness and abundance declined with increasing elevation and higher seasonal occurrence was observed during the dry season. This was the first study on the spatial and temporal distribution of butterflies in NNP and further studies could be conducted to add more species and allow a depth understanding of the ecology of Nyungwe butterflies.
Über 10.000 verschiedene organische Substanzen wie Arzneistoffe, Inhaltsstoffe von Körperpflegemitteln und Biozide werden regelmäßig im Alltag eingesetzt. Die meisten Substanzen gelangen nach ihrer Verwendung in das häusliche Abwasser. Bisherige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass eine konventionelle biologische Abwasserreinigung in kommunalen Kläranlagen keine ausreichende Barriere für die Emission dieser anthropogenen Stoffe in die Oberflächengewässer darstellt.
Dies birgt unvorhersehbare Risiken für die aquatischen Lebensgemeinschaften und die Trinkwasserversorgung. Hinsichtlich ihres Vorkommens und Verhaltens in kommunalen Kläranlagen besteht daher insbesondere für erst kürzlich eingeführte und/oder in der Umwelt nachgewiesene Spurenstoffe (sogenannte "neuartige" Spurenstoffe, engl.: "emerging micropollutants") ein großer Forschungsbedarf. Um ein möglichst umfassendes Bild vom Verhalten neuartiger organischer Spurenstoffe in der kommunalen Abwasserbehandlung zu erhalten, wurden im Rahmen dieser Dissertation die folgenden Substanzklassen, welche ein weites Spektrum an physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften aufweisen, untersucht: Arzneistoffe (Betablocker und psychoaktive Substanzen), UV-Filtersubstanzen, Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger (Benzothiazole), Biozide (Antischuppenmittel, Konservierungsmittel, Desinfektionsmittel) und Pestizide (Phenylharnstoff- und Triazinherbizide).
Foliicolous lichens are one of the most abundant epiphytes in tropical rainforests and one of the few groups of organisms that characterize these forests. Tropical rainforests are increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbance resulting in forest destruction and degradation. However, not much is known on the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the diversity of foliicolous lichens. Understanding such effects is crucial for the development of appropriate measures for the conservation of such organisms. In this study, foliicolous lichens diversity was investigated in three tropical rainforests in East Africa. Godere Forest in Southwest Ethiopia is a transitional rainforest with a mixture of Afromontane and Guineo-Congolian species. The forest is secondary and has been affected by shifting cultivation, semi-forest coffee management and commercial coffee plantation. Budongo Forest in West Uganda is a Guineo-Congolian rainforest consisting of primary and secondary forests. Kakamega Forest in western Kenya is a transitional rainforest with a mixture of Guineo-Congolian and Afromontane species. The forest is a mosaic of near-primary forest, secondary forests of different seral stages, grasslands, plantations, and natural glades.