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Institut
- Fachbereich 4 (132) (entfernen)
In this article we analyze the privacy aspects of a mobile sensor application used for recording urban travel patterns as part of a travel-survey service. This service has been developed and field-tested within the Live+Gov EU Project. The privacy analysis follows a structured approach established in. Eight privacy recommendations are derived, and have already led to corresponding enhancements of the travel-survey service.
Ontologies play an important role in knowledge representation for sharing information and collaboratively developing knowledge bases. They are changed, adapted and reused in different applications and domains resulting in multiple versions of an ontology. The comparison of different versions and the analysis of changes at a higher level of abstraction may be insightful to understand the changes that were applied to an ontology. While there is existing work on detecting (syntactical) differences and changes in ontologies, there is still a need in analyzing ontology changes at a higher level of abstraction like ontology evolution or refactoring pattern. In our approach we start from a classification of model refactoring patterns found in software engineering for identifying such refactoring patterns in OWL ontologies using DL reasoning to recognize these patterns.
Dieses Dokument legt den Standard für die Transformation von grUML-Schemas (GraphUML, [BHR+09]) nach XSD (XML Schema Definition) fest und ist im Rahmen des Arbeitspakets 5.2 "Prototypische SOAMIG-Parser und -Unparser realisieren" im SOAMIG-Projekt entstanden. Das Ziel ist der Austausch von TGraphen (typisierten, attributierten, angeordneten, gerichte Graphen [ERW08]) über XML-Dokumente. Zur Spezifikation des Austauschformats wird XSD eingesetzt. Dies erlaubt eine Validierung der XML-Instanzen auf syntaktischer Ebene. Der Ausgangspunkt ist ein gegebenes Schemas in grUML-Notation1, welches nach XSD transformiert werden soll. Mit der generierten XSD existiert ein Beschreibungsmittel für Graph-Instanzen in XML. Die dadurch beschriebenen XML-Dokumente sind flach, d.h. alle Elemente sind direkt dem root-Element untergeordnet.
E-Mail-Forensik - IP-Adressen und ihre Zuordnung zu Internet-Teilnehmern und ihren Standorten
(2010)
Wesentliches Element des weltweiten Internets bildet der Adressraum der IP-Adressen, die den am Internet teilnehmenden Geräten ("IP-Hosts") zugewiesen sind. IP-Adressen (der Version 4) bestehen aus vier Zahlen zwischen 0 und 255 und repräsentieren viermal acht Bits, mit welchen insgesamt über vier Milliarden Adressen unterschieden werden können. Die zentrale Organisation IANA vergibt an fünf regionale Adressregistraturen Adressräume, welche sie an lokale Registraturen, Telecomanbieter und Internet-Service-Provider weiter verteilen. Diese Adressverteilung ist relativ stabil. Diese Zuordnung ist öffentlich zugänglich über so genannte whois-Abfragen aus Datenbanken der regionalen Registraturen. Die Internet-Service-Provider (ISP) vergeben IP-Adressen an ihre Nutzer. Die Zuordnung wird teilweise statisch mit langfristiger Bindung vorgenommen und teilweise dynamisch nur für die Dauer einer Datenverbindung. Die dynamische Adressverwaltung erlaubt es Internet-Service-Providern, mehr Nutzer zu bedienen, als ihr Adressraum an verschiedenen IPAdressen zulässt, da die Adressen von Geräten, die aus dem Internet ausscheiden, nicht wie bei der statischen Vergabe frei gehalten werden müssen, sondern an sich neu mit dem ISP verbindende Geräte vergeben werden können. In internen Tabellen verwalten die Internet-Service-Provider die Zuordnung von IP-Adressen zu den konkreten Anschlüssen ihrer Nutzer, außerdem protokollieren sie, welcher Anschluss wann welche IP-Adresse hatte . Diese Daten sind öffentlich nicht zugänglich, sondern müssen bei Bedarf mit gesetzlich geregelten Einschränkungen (Datenschutz) erfragt werden.
Im Gesundheitswesen geht es nicht nur um die Vertraulichkeit von Patientendaten, sondern auch um ihre Integrität, von der die richtige Behandlung und Pflege des Patienten abhängen. Eine Maßnahme zur Absicherung eines Krankenhausinformationssystems (KIS) gegen unautorisierte Angreifer ist eine flexibel organisierte Zugriffskontrolle zum Schutz der patientenbezogenen Daten. Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Konzept einer rollenbasierten Zugriffskontrolle (RBAC - Role Based Access Control) und seine Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Gesundheitswesen.
SOA-Security
(2007)
This paper is a part of the ASG project (Adaptive Services Grid) and addresses some IT security issues of service oriented architectures. It defines a service-oriented security concept, it explores the SOA security challenge, it describes the existing WS-Security standard, and it undertakes a first step into a survey on best practice examples. In particular, the ASG middleware platform technology (JBossWS) is analyzed with respect to its ability to handle security functions.
This paper describes the development of security requirements for non-political Internet voting. The practical background is our experience with the Internet voting within the Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI - Informatics Society) 2004 and 2005. The theoretical background is the international state-of-the-art of requirements about electronic voting, especially in the US and in Europe. A focus of this paper is on the user community driven standardization of security requirements by means of a Protection Profile of the international Common Criteria standard.
In den folgenden acht Beispielen wird gezeigt, wie elektronische Anwendungen mithilfe kryptographischer Verfahren abgesichert werden. In jedem Beispiel erklären wir das Ziel der Verschlüsselung, erläutern den technischen Hintergrund, besprechen im Detail den Ablauf der Anwendung mit ihrer Verschlüsselung und diskutieren Stärken und Schwächen des Verfahrens. Das erste Beispiel der Verschlüsselungsprotokolle ist noch nicht sehr konkret, sondern es bildet die Grundlage der folgenden Beispiele. Denn jede Anwendung setzt eines der beiden Typen von Verschlüsselungsprotokollen ein, die im ersten Beispiel erklärt werden. Dann folgen die Beispiele Sicheres World Wide Web mit SSL, die Verschlüsselung der Luftschnittstelle im Mobilfunk, die sichere Identifikation des Karteninhabers einer ec-Karte am Geldauszahlungsautomaten, der Schutz von WLANs gegen fremde Lauscher und Eindringlinge, die sichere Identifikation elektronischer Schlüssel, darunter der Funkschlüssel bei Autotüren, das kontaktlose Flugticket zum Ausdrucken einer Boardingkarte und schließlich die Verschlüsselung im Pay-TV. Die Beschreibung der kryptografischen Anwendungen dieses Kapitels wird in einem Arbeitspapier des Instituts für Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsinformatik der Universität Koblenz-Landau weitergepflegt und dort stets aktuell zum Download bereitgehalten [Grimm, Hundacker, Meletiadou 2006]. http://www.uni-koblenz.de/FB4/Institutes/IWVI/AGGrimm/Downloads
Virtual Goods + ODRL 2012
(2012)
This is the 10th international workshop for technical, economic, and legal aspects of business models for virtual goods incorporating the 8th ODRL community group meeting. This year we did not call for completed research results, but we invited PhD students to present and discuss their ongoing research work. In the traditional international group of virtual goods and ODRL researchers we discussed PhD research from Belgium, Brazil, and Germany. The topics focused on research questions about rights management in the Internet and e-business stimulation. In the center of rights management stands the conception of a formal policy expression that can be used for human readable policy transparency, as well as for machine readable support of policy conformant systems behavior up to automatic policy enforcement. ODRL has proven to be an ideal basis for policy expressions, not only for digital copy rights, but also for the more general "Policy Awareness in the World of Virtual Goods". In this sense, policies support the communication of virtual goods, and they are a virtualization of rules-governed behavior themselves.
IT-Sicherheitsmodelle
(2008)
Es wird erklärt, was ein Beschreibungsmodell ist, wie IT-Sicherheitsmodelle grundsätzlich aufgebaut sind und welchem Zweck sie dienen. Zur Illustration werden vier verschiedene IT-Sicherheitsmodelle vorgestellt, die historisch zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten entstanden sind. Sie passen zu vier verschiedenen typischen Anwendungsumgebungen und charakterisieren die zugehörigen Sicherheitsanforderungen. Vorgestellt werden das Bell-LaPadula-Modell zum Vertraulichkeitsschutz in hierarchischen Institutionen, das Clark-Wilson-Modell zum Integri-tätsschutz von Geschäftsanwendungen, das Chinese-Wall-Modell zum Konkurrentenschutz von Unternehmen und das Gleichgewichtsmodell zum Schutz verbindlichen Handelns im offenen Internet.
Various best practices and principles guide an ontology engineer when modeling Linked Data. The choice of appropriate vocabularies is one essential aspect in the guidelines, as it leads to better interpretation, querying, and consumption of the data by Linked Data applications and users.
In this paper, we present the various types of support features for an ontology engineer to model a Linked Data dataset, discuss existing tools and services with respect to these support features, and propose LOVER: a novel approach to support the ontology engineer in modeling a Linked Data dataset. We demonstrate that none of the existing tools and services incorporate all types of supporting features and illustrate the concept of LOVER, which supports the engineer by recommending appropriate classes and properties from existing and actively used vocabularies. Hereby, the recommendations are made on the basis of an iterative multimodal search. LOVER uses different, orthogonal information sources for finding terms, e.g. based on a best string match or schema information on other datasets published in the Linked Open Data cloud. We describe LOVER's recommendation mechanism in general and illustrate it alongrna real-life example from the social sciences domain.
Process Commodities : Entwicklung eines Reifegradmodells alsBasis für Outsourcingentscheidungen
(2009)
Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht behandelt die Anforderungen an Prozessmanagement als Basis für Outsourcingentscheidungen. Zu dieser Fragestellung erschien im Jahr 2005 ein Artikel von Thomas Davenport mit dem Titel "The Coming Commoditization of Processes". In diesem wird auf das Fehlen eines einheitlichen Verständnisses über Inhalte und Beschreibungen von Prozessen und Prozessschritten, Leistungsindikatoren sowie Prozessmanagementpraktiken hingewiesen. Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht versucht diese Lücke in Teilen zu schließen, indem er ein Reifegradmodell für Prozessmanagement vorstellt. Mit Hilfe des Modells können Unternehmen einschätzen, in wieweit sie vorhandene Methoden des Prozessmanagements umsetzen und damit die Grundlage für Prozessoutsourcing geschaffen haben.
This paper presents a method for the evolution of SHI ABoxes which is based on a compilation technique of the knowledge base. For this the ABox is regarded as an interpretation of the TBox which is close to a model. It is shown, that the ABox can be used for a semantically guided transformation resulting in an equisatisfiable knowledge base. We use the result of this transformation to effciently delete assertions from the ABox. Furthermore, insertion of assertions as well as repair of inconsistent ABoxes is addressed. For the computation of the necessary actions for deletion, insertion and repair, the E-KRHyper theorem prover is used.
Knowledge compilation is a common technique for propositional logic knowledge bases. The idea is to transform a given knowledge base into a special normal form ([MR03],[DH05]), for which queries can be answered efficiently. This precompilation step is very expensive but it only has to be performed once. We propose to apply this technique to knowledge bases defined in Description Logics. For this, we introduce a normal form, called linkless concept descriptions, for ALC concepts. Further we present an algorithm, based on path dissolution, which can be used to transform a given concept description into an equivalent linkless concept description. Finally we discuss a linear satisfiability test as well as a subsumption test for linkless concept descriptions.
This paper offers an informal overview and discussion on first order predicate logic reasoning systems together with a description of applications which are carried out in the Artificial Intelligence Research Group of the University in Koblenz. Furthermore the technique of knowledge compilation is shortly introduced.
This paper shows how multiagent systems can be modeled by a combination of UML statecharts and hybrid automata. This allows formal system specification on different levels of abstraction on the one hand, and expressing real-time system behavior with continuous variables on the other hand. It is not only shown how multi-robot systems can be modeled by a combination of hybrid automata and hierarchical state machines, but also how model checking techniques for hybrid automata can be applied. An enhanced synchronization concept is introduced that allows synchronization taking time and avoids state explosion to a certain extent.
In this paper we describe a series of projects on location based and personalised information systems. We start wit a basic research project and we show how we came with the help of two other more application oriented project to a product. This is developed by a consortium of enterprises and it already is in use in the city of Koblenz.
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized information within a pervasive university. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based CampusNews-system, both, from the administrator and the user viewpoint. We furthermore present first statistical data about the usage of the partial installation at the Koblenz campus together with an outlook to future work.
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized Information in a metropolitan area. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based information system as well as the reasoning process that fits users" needs with potential messages. We furthermore present our findings on parallelizing Bluetooth connection setup and performance.
This paper proposes model-driven techniques to extend IBM- SOMA method towards migrating legacy systems into Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). The proposal explores how graph-based querying and transformation techniques enable the integration of legacy assets into a new SOA. The presented approach is applied to the identification and migration of services in an open source Java software system.