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In the last years the e-government concentrated on the administrative aspects of administrative modernisation. In the next step the e-discourses will gain in importance as an instrument of the public-friendliness and means of the e-democracy/e-participation. With growing acceptance of such e-discourses, these will fastly reach a complexity, which could not be mastered no more by the participants. Many impressions, which could be won from presence discussions, will be lacking now. Therefore the exposed thesis has the objective of the conception and the prototypical implementation of an instrument (discourse meter), by which the participants, in particular the moderators of the e-discourse, are capable to overlook the e-discourse at any time and by means of it, attain their discourse awareness. Discourse awareness of the present informs about the current action in the e-discourse and discourse awareness of the past about the past action, by which any trends become visible. The focus of the discourse awareness is located in the quantitative view of the action in the e-discourse. From the model of e-discourse, which is developed in this thesis, the questions of discourse awareness are resulting, whose concretion is the basis for the implementation of the discourse meter. The discourse sensors attached to the model of the e-discourse are recording the actions of the e-discourse, showing events of discourse, which are represented by the discourse meter in various forms of visualizations. The concept of discourse meter offers the possibility of discourse awareness relating to the present as monitoring and the discourse awareness relating to the past as query (quantitative analysis) to the moderators of the e-discourse.
Problems in the analysis of requirements often lead to failures when developing software systems. This problem is nowadays being faced by requirements engineering. The early involvement of all kinds of stakeholders in the development of such a system and a structured process to elicitate and analyse requirements have made it a crucial factor as a first step in software development. The increasing complexity of modern softwaresystems though leads to a rising amount of information which has to be dealt with during analysis. Without the support of appropriate tools this would be almost impossible to do. Especially in bigger projects, which tend to be spatially distributed, an effective requirements engineering could not be implemented without this kind of support. Today there is a wide range of tools dealing with this matter. They have been in use since some time now and, in their most recent versions, realize the most important aspects of requirements engineering. Within the scope of this thesis some of these tools will be analysed, focussing on both the major functionalities concerning the management of requirements and the repository of these tools. The results of this analyis will be integrated into a reference model.
This work represents a quantitative analysis and visualisation of scar tissue of the left ventricular myocard. The scar information is shown in the late enhancement data, that highlights the avitale tissue with the help of a contrast agent. Through automatic methods, the scar is extracted from the image data and quantifies the size, location and transmurality. The transmurality shows a local measurement between the heart wall und the width of the scar. The developed methods help the cardiologist to analyse the measurement, the reason and the degree of the heart failure in a short time period. He can further control the results by several visual presentations. The deformation of the scar tissue over the heart cycle is implemented in another scientific work. A visual improvement of the deformation result which extracts the scar out of the data is aspired. The avital tissue is shown in a more comfortable way by eliminating the unnecessary image information and therefore improves the visual analysis of the pumping heart. Both methods show a detailed analysis of the scar tissue. This supports the clinic practical throughout the manual analysis.
In dieser Studienarbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Extraktion eines Oberflächenbegrenzungsmodells aus einem Tiefenbild vorgestellt. Das Modell beschreibt die im Tiefenbild dargestellte Szene durch die Geometrie und die Topologie der planaren Flächen, die in der Szene gefunden werden. Die Geometrie ist gegeben durch die Angabe der Ebenengleichungen der gefundenen Flächen sowie der 3D-Koordinaten der Eckpunkte der Polygone, die diese Flächen beschreiben. Die Informationen über die Topologie der Szene besteht aus einer Nachbarschaftsliste, die für jede Flaeche angibt, über welche Kante diese Fläche mit welcher anderen Fläche verbunden ist. Aufbauend auf einem Algorithmus zur Tiefenbildsegmentierung aus PUMA werden die Polygone bestimmt, die die Flächen der Szene beschreiben. Anschließend wird versucht, diese Polygone über Kanten und Eckpunkte zu verbinden, um ein möglichst geschlossenes Modell der Szene zu erhalten.
Die Vorwärtsfahrt mit einem einachsigen Anhänger stellt für die meisten Fahrer keine große Schwierigkeit dar. Das Zugfahrzeug gibt die Richtung vor und der Anhänger wird mitgezogen. Jedoch ist das Rückwärtsfahren mit Anhänger für den ungeübten Fahrer oft sehr kompliziert, da die Lenkmanöver für eine bestimmte Richtungsänderung nicht intuitiv sind und ein "Umdenken" erfordern. Will man beispielsweise den Anhänger um eine Linkskurve fahren, so muss das Zugfahrzeug zunächst nach rechts gelenkt werden, damit der Anhänger linksherum geschoben wird. Schnell passieren Fehler und ein Unfall mit Sachschaden kann eine mögliche Folge sein. Besonders Fahrer, die nur gelegentlich mit einem Anhänger unterwegs sind, haben bei der Rückwärtsfahrt mit Anhänger Probleme.
Program slicing is a technique for extracting that parts of a program which influence a previously defined, so-called slicing criterion. The latter mostly takes the form of a source code statement and a set of variables. Over the years an abundance of variants and enhancements has evolved from the original notion of a program slice. One of these developments is called chopping. A chop only contains those statements which are necessary to sustain the effects of a certain statement on another statement. Corresponding to the slicing criterion, the two statements have to be available in advance. This diploma thesis deals with the development of a service model in order to support the computation of a slice or a chop, given an original program and a slicing or chopping criterion respectively. A service model is a framework of communicating services so that each service performs a specific task within the concept of program slicing. The three main tasks, without considering further decomposition, are the mapping of program code into a representation suitable for slicing, the slicing itself and the display of the slice as code. The key benefit of service-orientation is that a service encapsulates the underlying algorithms. Hence the possibility of improving or substituting them without changing the interfaces of the related service relieves the developer of the need of adapting adjoining services. Thus, service-orientation fosters maintainability and improvability. Besides the definition of the services, this thesis also partially formally defines the data flow between them, i.e. their interfaces. It also features graph class definitions for most data structures. An accurate description of the interfaces encourages reuse, provided the services are of adequate granularity.
The impact of innovation in order to secure a company- existence is increasing. Especially in the field of information and communication systems, modified conditions, reduced product life cycles (in some markets e.g. in the software market down to a few months), and increased competition force many companies to adapt their innovation speed. Long-term profit will just be obtained by those companies that will manage to consolidate or further to enlarge their competitive position with technological innovation. The increasing relevance of new developments requires a separate treatment of technological innovations and demands for a technology and innovation management. Not every innovation is thereby a result of a single, spontaneous idea. Many innovations evolve from the integration or combination of already existing technologies. Especially in markets with insignificant growing rates, this kind of innovation is quite important. The purpose of this thesis is the identification of existing deficiencies within established recommendations for a strategic technology and innovation management concerning technological integration. Based on the technological innovation, a possibility for the exposure to the developed innovations will be formulated. Finally, this thesis provides an own approach about this kind of innovation that will be examined.
The estimation of the potential risk of pesticide entries into streams - and therefore the potential risk for the ecosystems - is an important requirement for the planning of risk mitigation strategies. Especially on the landscape level the required event triggered sampling methods are conjuncted with considerable efforts with regard to input data, time and personnel. To circumvent these problems simulation models form a reasonable alternative. The aims of this work were (A) the development of a simulation tool for the estimation of pesticide entries into surface waters on the landscape level, and (B) the application of the simulator for an exposure- and risk-assessment as well as the assessment of negative effects of pesticides on aquatic communities. Section 1 - Exposure-, Risk- and Effects In sections 1.1 and 1.2 the simulation model was applied to a multitude of small and medium sized streams in an agricultural impacted study area around the city of Braunschweig, Germany. Section 1.3 gives an overview of the simulators field of application and the general system structure. Section 1.1 - Scenario based simulation of runoff-related pesticide entries into small streams on a landscape level (English publication, p. 27): In this paper we present a simulation tool for the simulation of pesticide entry from arable land into adjacent streams. We used the ratio of exposure to toxicity (REXTOX) model proposed by the OECD which was extended to calculate pesticide concentrations in adjacent streams. We simulated the pesticide entry on the landscape level at 737 sites in small streams situated in the central lowland of Germany. The most significant model parameters were the width of the no-application-zone and the degree of plant-interception. The simulation was carried out using eight different environmental scenarios, covering variation of the width of the no-application-zone, climate and seasonal scenarios. The highest in-stream concentrations were predicted at a scenario using no (0 m) buffer zone in conjunction with increased precipitation. According to the predicted concentrations, the risk for the aquatic communities was estimated based on standard toxicity tests and the application of a safety factor. Section 1.2 - Linking land use variables and invertebrate taxon richness in small and medium-sized agricultural streams on a landscape level (English publication, p. 50): In this study the average numbers of invertebrate species across an arable landscape in central Germany (surveys from 15 years in 90 streams at 202 sites) were assessed for their correlation with environmental factors such as stream width, land use (arable land, forest, pasture, settlement), soil type and agricultural derived stressors. The stress originating from arable land was estimated by the factor "risk of runoff", which was derived from a runoff-model (rainfall induced surface runoff). Multivariate analysis explained 39.9% of the variance in species number, revealing stream width as the most important factor (25.3%) followed by risk of runoff (9.7%). Section 1.3 - Informationssystem zur ökotoxikologischen Bewertung der Gewässergüte in Bezug auf Pflanzenschutzmitteleinträge aus der Landwirtschaft - Systemaufbau und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten (German publication, p. 61): Section 1.3 contains a short overview of the simulation tool, the field of application and some examples of use, covering the effects of the width of the buffer zone as well as the creation of risk maps on the landscape level. Section 2 - The simulation tool An important aspect for the employment of a simulation model in the context of risk assessment is the applicability in practice: the accessibility of the needed input data, the conversion of the mathematical model into a software application that can be run on any current personnel computer and also an appropriate end-user documentation of the system. Section 1.4 - Informationssystem zur ökotoxikologischen Bewertung der Gewässergüte in Bezug auf Pflanzenschutzmitteleinträge aus der Landwirtschaft - Simulationsmodell und Systemaufbau (German report, p. 67): In this section a general overview of the simulation model as well as the schematic system structure given. Section 1.5 - Benutzerhandbuch (German report, p. 71): The user manual contains details concerning the installation of the system, generation of the required input data and the general use of the system. Moreover it presents some application examples (what-if analyses). Section 1.6 - Technical documentation (German report, p. 104): The technical documentation describes internal structures and processes of the simulation system. Section 1.6 provides information regarding the required structure of input/output tables.
The high cost of routing infrastructure makes checking theories about larger nets a very difficult and expensive task. One possible approach to fight this problem is the use of virtual instead of physical infrastructure. OPNet- IT Guru software is a suite designed to simulate large nets and present relevant information. This allows validating extensive changes before actually implementing them on a productive network or testing theories without the overhead of a physical infrastructure.
This document presents a concept of a "web usage mining system". The main purpose of this work is to cover situations, in which high traffic will cause traditional approaches to collapse. Therefore, it presents several measuring methods and acquisition techniques, and provides strategies that allow pertinent storage and querying complexity even in high traffic domains.
Szeneneditor für ein Echtzeitanimationssystem und andere XML konfigurierte und erweiterbare Systeme
(2006)
Fristete der Computer vor wenigen Jahrzehnten sein Dasein noch in Rechenzentren weniger, großer Universitäten und Firmen, so sind Computer und deren Rechenleistung heute allgemein verbreitet. Gerade in den letzten Jahren hat dabei auch die computergenerierte Bilderzeugung große Fortschritte gemacht, und die Entwicklung hält rasant an. Auf diese Weise erzeugte Bilder und Bildsequenzen sind aus den visuellen Medien nicht mehr wegzudenken, sie werden in denmeisten Film- oder Fernsehproduktionen eingesetzt. Dokumentationen, Wissenssendungen und Nachrichtenformate setzen solche Bilder zur Vermittlung von Inhalten ein. Spezialeffekte werden Filmen mit dem Computer hinzugefügt. Ausschließlich mit dem Rechner erstellte Filme, deren Entwicklung vor ungefähr dreißig Jahren mit einfachen und kurzen Sequenzen begann, stehen heute realen Filmen in Länge, visueller und erzählerischer Qualität kaum noch nach. Doch nicht nur bei der Erstellung von Filmen ist der Computer nicht mehr wegzudenken. Computerspiele stellen in vielen Bereichen die treibende Kraft hinter der Computerentwicklung dar. Sie sind die "Killerapplikation", denn es sind vor allem Spiele, die zur Zeit nach leistungsfähigeren Computerkomponenten für Heimcomputer,wie Prozessoren und Graphikkarten, verlangen. Auch die visuelle Qualität von Computerspielen nimmt stetig zu, und hat ein sehr realitätsnahes Niveau erreicht. Ob Dokumentation, Film oder Spiel, die Erzeugung computergenerierten Inhalts besteht aus vielen Teilen. Die Erzeugung der Bilder ist nur ein kleiner Teil davon. Der Begriff Computeranimationwird oft für den gesamten Prozess der Erstellung eines Films im Computer verwendet. Im Speziellen beschäftigt sich die Animation mit der Bewegung. Die Erstellung von Bewegungsabläufen wird für Animationsfilme, Computerspiele und auch für Spezialeffekte in realen Filmen benötigt. Heute existiert eine Vielzahl von Programmen und Werkzeugen, welche die Erstellung von Animationen im Computer ermöglichen. Verbreitete Applikationen wie MAYA1, LIGHTWAVE2 oder BLENDER3 stützen sich dabei auf grundlegende Konzepte, die hinter der Erstellung von Animationssequenzen im Computer stehen. Die Arbeit setzt sich mit diesen Grundlagen auseinander und entwickelt darauf aufbauend einen Animationseditor, der die notwendige Funktionalität für die Erstellung von Animationssequenzen bereitstellt.