Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (470) (remove)
Language
- English (245)
- German (223)
- Multiple languages (1)
- Spanish (1)
Keywords
- Pestizid (8)
- Pflanzenschutzmittel (8)
- Führung (6)
- Inklusion (6)
- Grundwasserfauna (5)
- Landwirtschaft (5)
- Persönlichkeit (4)
- Software Engineering (4)
- Unterrichtsforschung (4)
- ecotoxicology (4)
- risk assessment (4)
- Arbeitszufriedenheit (3)
- Bildverarbeitung (3)
- Biodiversität (3)
- Bodenchemie (3)
- Dialog (3)
- GIS (3)
- Grounded Theory (3)
- Grundwasser (3)
- Information Retrieval (3)
- Inhaltsanalyse (3)
- Insektizid (3)
- Integration (3)
- Klimawandel (3)
- Kultur (3)
- Lendenwirbelsäule (3)
- Modellierung (3)
- Nanopartikel (3)
- Pesticides (3)
- Pfalz (3)
- Pädagogik (3)
- Risikoanalyse (3)
- Schizophrenie (3)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (3)
- Simulation (3)
- Systematik (3)
- Umweltpsychologie (3)
- agriculture (3)
- groundwater fauna (3)
- model-based (3)
- monitoring (3)
- pesticide (3)
- pesticides (3)
- runoff (3)
- soil organic matter (3)
- Ökologie (3)
- Abdrift (2)
- Abduktion <Logik> (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Abwasserreinigung (2)
- Agriculture (2)
- Akzeptanz (2)
- Anpassung (2)
- Araneae (2)
- Bestäubung (2)
- Betriebspädagogik (2)
- Bewertung (2)
- Bildung (2)
- Bildverstehen (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biographieforschung (2)
- Biomechanik (2)
- Biomonitoring (2)
- Boden (2)
- CSCW (2)
- Chronischer Schmerz (2)
- Computermodell (2)
- Coping (2)
- Datenschutz (2)
- Diagnose (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Digitalisierung (2)
- Ecotoxicology (2)
- Eltern (2)
- Emissionen (2)
- Exposition (2)
- Eyetracking (2)
- Feldsaum (2)
- Fließgewässer (2)
- Frau (2)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (2)
- Fungizid (2)
- Gender (2)
- Genetische Variabilität (2)
- Governance (2)
- Grundschule (2)
- Habitat Fragmentation (2)
- Heilanstalt (2)
- Hydrodynamik (2)
- Hydrogeologie (2)
- Jugendhilfe (2)
- Jugendstil (2)
- Kakamega Forest (2)
- Klassifikation (2)
- Kognitive Linguistik (2)
- Kompetenz (2)
- Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse (2)
- Konflikt (2)
- Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (2)
- Lehrerbildung (2)
- Lernen (2)
- Limnologie (2)
- Macht (2)
- Makroinvertebraten (2)
- Management (2)
- Maschinelles Lernen (2)
- Mathematik (2)
- Mesofauna (2)
- Modellgetriebene Entwicklung (2)
- Monitoring (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Naturwissenschaften (2)
- Organisationsentwicklung (2)
- Parteienkommunikation (2)
- Pestizide (2)
- Petri-Netz (2)
- Pflege (2)
- Pflegeanstalt (2)
- Physikunterricht (2)
- Professionalität (2)
- Psychologie (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Rehabilitation (2)
- Ressourcen (2)
- Rheinland-Pfalz (2)
- Risikobewertung (2)
- Risikomanagement (2)
- Sediment (2)
- Semantic Web (2)
- Serviceorientierte Architektur (2)
- Sonderpädagogik (2)
- Sozialpsychologie (2)
- Stress (2)
- Taxonomie (2)
- Umweltwissenschaften (2)
- Vermeidung (2)
- Visualisierung (2)
- Wastewater treatment plants (2)
- Weinbau (2)
- Wissen (2)
- Wissensrepräsentation (2)
- aquatic ecotoxicology (2)
- aquatic macrophytes (2)
- bioindicator (2)
- biomonitoring (2)
- confirmatory factor analysis (2)
- decomposition (2)
- dialogische Führung (2)
- diffusion (2)
- evaluation (2)
- eye tracking (2)
- freshwater organisms (2)
- gait (2)
- land use (2)
- macroinvertebrates (2)
- mentale Repräsentation (2)
- micropollutants (2)
- modeling (2)
- modelling (2)
- mosquito control (2)
- optimal control (2)
- prevention (2)
- self-concept (2)
- sorption (2)
- speech (2)
- streams (2)
- traits (2)
- wastewater treatment (2)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (2)
- Ökotoxikologie (2)
- 18. Jahrhundert (1)
- 1H-NMR Relaxometry (1)
- 3D Modell Referenz Bildsynthese (1)
- 3D-Vermessung (1)
- ACL injury (1)
- AD(H)S Bindung (1)
- ADHS (1)
- ADS (1)
- AUTOSAR (1)
- Abbildung <Mathematik> (1)
- Abdrift <Pflanzenbau> (1)
- Abfluss (1)
- Absolutismus (1)
- Abwasserbehandlung (1)
- Acceleration Structures (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Acquis communautaire (1)
- Action Recognition (1)
- Action Segmentation (1)
- Ad-hoc-Netz (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaptiver Test (1)
- Adressatenorientierung (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Africa (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Agoraphobie (1)
- Agriotes spp. (1)
- Agrochemikalien (1)
- Aktionsart (1)
- Aktiver Wortschatz (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Akuter Schmerz (1)
- Algorithmische Geometrie (1)
- Allianz (1)
- Alltagsgeschichte (1)
- Alltäglichkeit (1)
- Altlast (1)
- Altlasten (1)
- Aluminiumorthophosphat (1)
- Amazonia (1)
- Amazonien (1)
- Ambulante Behandlung (1)
- Ambulante Psychotherapie (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Analoge Methoden (1)
- Analyse-durch-Synthese (1)
- Analytischer Hierarchieprozess (1)
- Aneignung (1)
- Anforderung (1)
- Anforderungsprofil (1)
- Animation (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Anreiz (1)
- Anstaltspsychiater (1)
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (1)
- Aphid predator (1)
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology (1)
- Aquatic Guidance Document (1)
- Aquatic ecology (1)
- Aquatische Makrophyten (1)
- Aquatisches Ökosystem (1)
- Arbeitsbelastungen (1)
- Arbeitsmotivation (1)
- Architektur <Informatik> (1)
- Archäologie (1)
- Argumentation (1)
- Art Déco (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Arzneistoffe (1)
- Arzt-Angehörigen-Kommunikation (1)
- Aspekt <Linguistik> (1)
- Assoziierungsabkommen der EU mit der Ukraine (1)
- Auchenorrhyncha (1)
- Auditing (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufsatzdidaktik (1)
- Augenbewegung (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Auslese (1)
- Auswahl (1)
- Autokorrelation (1)
- Automatische Kontrolle im Produktionsprozess (1)
- Automotive Systems (1)
- Autoritarismus (1)
- Außeralltäglichkeit (1)
- Außerschulische Lernorte (1)
- Awareness (1)
- Axiomatische Geometrie (1)
- BNE (1)
- BNE-Kriterien (1)
- BPMN (1)
- Bandenemission (1)
- Barriere (1)
- Barrieren (1)
- Basic psychological needs (1)
- Bauen mit Bauklötzen (1)
- Bauxit (1)
- Bayes-Netz (1)
- Bayesian Networks (1)
- Beaconless (1)
- Bedrohte Tiere (1)
- Bees (1)
- Beethoven (1)
- Befahrbarkeit (1)
- Befragungsinstrument (1)
- Behinderungen (1)
- Beispiel (1)
- Belebtschlamm (1)
- Benefits Realisation Management (1)
- Benetzung (1)
- Benutzerverhalten (1)
- Beobachtungskompetenz (1)
- Beregnung (1)
- Berichterstattung (1)
- Bertelsmann Transformationsindex (1)
- Beruflicher Kontakt (1)
- Berufsausbildung (1)
- Berufsorientierung (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bestäuber (1)
- Beta-Blocker (1)
- Beta-Diversität (1)
- Betriebliche Ausbildung (1)
- Bewegungsapparat (1)
- Bewertungskriterien (1)
- Bewertungssystem (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bewältigung (1)
- Bienen <Familie> (1)
- Big Five (1)
- Bildanalyse (1)
- Bildsegmentierung (1)
- Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Bildungsaspiration (1)
- Bildungserfolg (1)
- Bildungsinteresse (1)
- Bildungssprache (1)
- Bilingualer Unterricht (1)
- Bill Clinton (1)
- Binnengewässer (1)
- Bioassay (1)
- Biogasanlage (1)
- Biogeografie (1)
- Biographie (1)
- Biohydrogel (1)
- Bioindikator (1)
- Biopolymere (1)
- Biotopkartierung (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Biozönose (1)
- Bioökonomie (1)
- Bipartiter Graph (1)
- Blickbewegung (1)
- Bodenerosion (1)
- Bodenfeuchtesimulation (1)
- Bodenphysik (1)
- Bodenwasser (1)
- Bodenökologie (1)
- Bologna-Prozess (1)
- Bombina variegata (1)
- Bororthophosphat (1)
- Budongo Forest (1)
- Burn-out-Syndrom (1)
- Burnout (1)
- Business English (1)
- Business Rule Bases, Inconsistency Measurement (1)
- Business Software (1)
- Butterflies (1)
- Bärlappe (1)
- Bürgerliches Drama (1)
- CLIL (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Carry-over effects (1)
- Cashew-Sektor (1)
- Cations (1)
- Chancengerechtigkeit (1)
- Chancengleichheit (1)
- Charisma (1)
- Charles Darwin (1)
- Charta der Vereinten Nationen (1)
- Cheilolejeunea ; continental tropical Africa ; rainforest (1)
- Chemische Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Chief Executive Officer (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Classroom-Management (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate anxiety (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate denial (1)
- Cloud Point Extraction (1)
- Clustering coefficient (1)
- Cognitive functions (1)
- Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Collaboration (1)
- Comic (1)
- Commitment <Management> (1)
- Communication Networks (1)
- Computational Toxicology (1)
- Computer (1)
- Computer Graphics (1)
- Computer Security (1)
- Computer Vision (1)
- Computer assisted communication (1)
- Computersicherheit (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1)
- Connected Vehicles (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Consumer behaviour (1)
- Consumption renunciation (1)
- Content and Language Integrated Learning (1)
- Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) (1)
- Controlling (1)
- Cooperative Learning; Teaching Methods (1)
- Crayfish (1)
- Crayfish plague (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- DMF-DMA (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Daphnia longispina (1)
- Daphnia longispina complex (1)
- Daphnia longispina-Komplex (1)
- Darwinismus (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Data compression (1)
- Data protection (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Datenkompression (1)
- Datenschutzkompetenz (1)
- Datenschutzkompetenzmodell (1)
- David Hume (1)
- Decision-support (1)
- Decodierung (1)
- Deduktion (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deep Metric Learning (1)
- Defekte Demokratie (1)
- Definitivartikel (1)
- Delphi (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Demography (1)
- Demokratieförderung der Ukraine (1)
- Demokratieförderung durch die Europäische Union (1)
- Demokratiestatus (1)
- Demokratische Werte und Normen (1)
- Densimetric Measurement (1)
- Deposition (1)
- Depth Profile (1)
- Derivatisierung (1)
- Derrida (1)
- Design Science Research (1)
- Design-Based-Research-Studie (1)
- Designforschung (1)
- Destiny (1)
- Deutungsmuster (1)
- Dezentralisierungsreform (1)
- DiaLex (1)
- Diagnosekriterien (1)
- Diagnoseunterstützung (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnosis assistance (1)
- Diagnostik (1)
- Dialekt (1)
- Dichtemessung (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Differentia Scanning Calorimetry (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Diffuse Quellen (1)
- Digitale Bibliothek (1)
- Digitale Bildung (1)
- Digitale Medien (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Dimension 3 (1)
- Diskriminierung (1)
- Diskurs (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Diskursmeter (1)
- Diskursverständnis (1)
- Disney (1)
- Dispositiv (1)
- Dissens (1)
- Distributed Algorithm (1)
- Distributed Environments (1)
- Distribution <Linguistik> (1)
- Documents (1)
- Dracaena (1)
- Drahtloses Sensorsystem (1)
- Drahtloses vermachtes Netz (1)
- Drahtwürmer (1)
- Drainagegräben (1)
- Dramengestalt (1)
- Dramenschluss (1)
- Dredging (1)
- Driver Assistance Systems (1)
- Drucktechnik (1)
- Duale Ausbildung (1)
- Duales System (1)
- Dyadische Interaktion (1)
- Dynamische Geometrie (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- E-Demokratie (1)
- E-Participation (1)
- EP Wahl (1)
- ERP-System (1)
- EU (1)
- EU Advisory Mission (EUAM) (1)
- EU-Strategie der Demokratieförderung (1)
- EU-Ukraine Assoziationsagenda (1)
- EU-Ukraine Assoziationsrat (1)
- EU-Ukraine Parlamentarische Assoziationsrat (1)
- EU-Ukraine Partnerschafts- und Kooperationsabkommen (1)
- East Africa (1)
- Ebener Graph (1)
- Ebullition (1)
- Echtzeitsystem (1)
- Economic potential (1)
- Ecosystem service (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Eddy-covariance (1)
- Edelkrebs (1)
- Edellaubmischwälder (1)
- Ehe (1)
- Ehescheidung (1)
- Eigensinn (1)
- Einstellung (1)
- Einstellungen gegenüber bestimmten Filmeigenschaften (1)
- Einstellungen und Haltungen zu Inklusion (1)
- Ekel (1)
- Elastic net (1)
- Elektrizitätslehre (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Elektronische Bibliothek (1)
- Elektrostimulation (1)
- Elevation gradient (1)
- Elternschaft (1)
- Emission (1)
- Empirical Research (1)
- Empirical Studies (1)
- Empirische Forschung (1)
- Empirismus (1)
- Employee Behavior (1)
- Endangerment (1)
- Endokrine Regulation (1)
- Energiefluss (1)
- Energy fluxes (1)
- England (1)
- Englisch (1)
- Enhanced Representation (1)
- Enterprise Architecture Framework (1)
- Entrepreneurship Education (1)
- Entrepreneurship Experience and Extra-curricular Activity (1)
- Entropia Universe (1)
- Entscheidungstheorie (1)
- Entscheidungsunterstützung (1)
- Environmental Risk Assessment (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental organic chemistry (1)
- Environmental psychology (1)
- Environmental samples (1)
- Epiphyten (1)
- Erfolgsfaktor (1)
- Erleben (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Erwachsenenbildung (1)
- Erwartung (1)
- Erzieher (1)
- Erzieherin (1)
- Erziehung (1)
- Erziehungsverhalten (1)
- Erziehungswissenschaft (1)
- Erzählung (1)
- Ethik (1)
- Ethnographie (1)
- Ethnography (1)
- Euklidische Geometrie (1)
- Eurokrise (1)
- Euromaidan (1)
- European Union Support Group for Ukraine (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (1)
- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (1)
- Europäischer Auswärtiger Dienst (1)
- Europäischer Rat (1)
- Europäisches Nachbarschaftsinstrument (1)
- Euroskeptizismus (1)
- Evacuation modeling (1)
- Evidence-based Psychotherapy (1)
- Experimente (1)
- Experimentieren (1)
- Experteninterview (1)
- Expertise (1)
- Expertiseentwicklung (1)
- Extinktion (1)
- Eye Tracking (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fachhochschule (1)
- Fahrzeug (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Faktorinvarianz (1)
- Fallrekonstruktion (1)
- Familie (1)
- Familienbeziehungen (1)
- Farnpflanzen (1)
- Fast-slow continuum (1)
- Fault Trees (1)
- Fehlerbaum (1)
- Felis catus (1)
- Felis silvestris domestica (1)
- Ferns (1)
- Feuchtgebiet (1)
- Filmbewertung (1)
- Finanzpolitik (1)
- Fischgewebe (1)
- Fiskalische Kosten (1)
- Fiskalpolitik (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Flesch-Reading-Ease Index (1)
- Flow decomposition (1)
- Flugbegleiter (1)
- Flusssediment (1)
- Flächennutzung (1)
- Flächennutzungskonkurrenz (1)
- Folgenanreize (1)
- Foliicolous lichens (1)
- Food (1)
- Formal Methods (1)
- Formale Methoden (1)
- Formale Ontologie (1)
- Forsterschließung (1)
- Forstwirtschaft (1)
- Fotoauswahl (1)
- Foucault, Michel (1)
- Fractionation (1)
- Fragebeantwortung (1)
- Französischunterricht (1)
- Freedom House (1)
- Freeze Coring (1)
- Fremddeutung (1)
- Fremdeinschätzung (1)
- Fremdsprachendidaktik (1)
- Fritz Schütze (1)
- Frühpädagogik (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Fungicides (1)
- Funktionelle Störung (1)
- Fusarium spp. (1)
- Fusion (1)
- Fuzzy-Logik (1)
- Fußballschuhe (1)
- Fächerkanon (1)
- Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept (1)
- Förderschule (1)
- Förderschwerpunkt geistige Entwicklung (1)
- Förderung (1)
- Führung durch Selbstführung (1)
- Führungskraft (1)
- Führungskräfteentwicklung, Selbstwirksamkeit, Situational Judgment Test (1)
- Führungskultur (1)
- Führungstheorie (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GDPR (1)
- GIRT (1)
- GRAF1 (1)
- Galerucinae (1)
- Gamebased (1)
- Gamebasiertheit (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gammarus fossarum (1)
- Gangart (1)
- Ganzheitlichkeit (1)
- Ganzzahlige Optimierung (1)
- Gas storage capacity (1)
- Gasblasen (1)
- Gatekeeper (1)
- GazeTheWeb (1)
- Gebrauchsgraphik (1)
- Gedächtnis (1)
- Gefrierkernverfahren (1)
- Gefrierpunktserniedrigung (1)
- Gefährdung (1)
- Gefäßanalyse (1)
- Gegenstandsanreize (1)
- Geistige Behinderung (1)
- Gel effect (1)
- Gelbbauchunke (1)
- Gelände (1)
- Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (GASP) (1)
- Gemeinschaftlicher Besitzstand (1)
- Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung (1)
- Genealogie (1)
- Genetic diversity (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genetischer Fingerabdruck (1)
- Geographic routing (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Geoinformationssysteme (1)
- Geometric spanner (1)
- Geometriedidaktik (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geothermie (1)
- Geowissenschaften (1)
- Gerechtigkeit (1)
- Gerichteter Graph (1)
- Gesangverein (1)
- Geschlecht (1)
- Geschlossene Unterbringung (1)
- Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (1)
- Gesprächsanalyse (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (1)
- Gesundheitskommunikation (1)
- Gewässer (1)
- Gewässerqualität (1)
- Gewässerökologie (1)
- Glasumwandlung (1)
- Glasübergang (1)
- Globale Wertschöpfungsketten (1)
- Graph (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Graphic novel (1)
- Graphik-Hardware (1)
- Graphische Benutzeroberfläche (1)
- Grundbedürfnis (1)
- Grundwasserfauna-Index (1)
- Grundwasserökologie (1)
- Gruppenarbeit (1)
- Gruppentherapie (1)
- Größenfraktionierung (1)
- Grünlandbewirtschaftung (1)
- Gut content analysis (1)
- HZE (1)
- Haare (1)
- Habitat (1)
- Habitat loss (1)
- Habitat networks (1)
- Habitatfragmentierung (1)
- Habitatsverlust (1)
- Habitus (1)
- Halbleiter (1)
- Haltung (1)
- Hambacher Fest (1)
- Handlungskompetenz (1)
- Handlungsmuster (1)
- Handlungsorientierung (1)
- Handlungstheorie (1)
- Hard and Soft News (1)
- Haushaltspolitik (1)
- Hauskatze (1)
- Hedonic (1)
- Hedonisch (1)
- Heimerziehung (1)
- Herbizid (1)
- Herzrate (1)
- Hilfe zur Erziehung (1)
- Hindernis (1)
- Hirschkäfer (1)
- Hirschzunge (1)
- Hochpräzise Volumenmessung (1)
- Hochschulbindung (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hochschulorganisation (1)
- Hochschulpolitik (1)
- Holzhaus (1)
- Human Disturbance (1)
- Human-Computer Interaction (1)
- Humus (1)
- Hyaluronan (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hydratation (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydrochemie (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrologie (1)
- Hydrophobie (1)
- IAT (1)
- ICM (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- IM-Systeme (1)
- IPT (1)
- ISO 9001 (1)
- IT-Security (1)
- Idar-Oberstein (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Imitation Learning (1)
- Immanuel Kant (1)
- Implicit Association Test (1)
- India (1)
- Indien (1)
- Individualisierung (1)
- Individualisierung von Lernwegen (1)
- Individualized Learning (1)
- Individuelle Computermodelle (1)
- Individuelle Förderung (1)
- Industriepolitik (1)
- Informatikunterricht (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Centric Networking (1)
- Information Visualization (1)
- Informationssystem (1)
- Informationsverarbeitung (1)
- Informationsverlinkung (1)
- Informationsvisualisierung (1)
- Informel (1)
- Informelle Pflege (1)
- Informetrie (1)
- Innerbetriebliche Kommunikation (1)
- Innerbetriebliche Kooperation (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instant Messaging (1)
- Instructed Second Language Acquisition (1)
- Instrumentalismus (1)
- Integrated Model (1)
- Integration in der SEK II (1)
- Integrierte Lernumgebung (1)
- Interactive Visualizations (1)
- Interactive engagement (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interaktionseffekt (1)
- Interaktive Visualisierungen (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Intergruppenprozesse (1)
- Internationale Organisationen (1)
- Internationaler Währungsfonds (IWF) (1)
- Interparticulate hydrogel swelling (1)
- Intervention (1)
- Invarianzmessung (1)
- Irak Krieg (1)
- Iran (1)
- Islam (1)
- Jakob Heinrich Lützel (1)
- Java (1)
- Johann Ludwig Dacqué (1)
- Johann Schwager (1)
- John Dewey (1)
- Journalismusforschung (1)
- Judentum (1)
- Jugendamt (1)
- Just-in-Time Teaching (1)
- Justification (1)
- Jüdisch (1)
- KPI (1)
- Kabel (1)
- Kalkmagerrasen (1)
- Kamera Pose Tracking (1)
- Kanalcodierung (1)
- Kant, Immanuel (1)
- Kantenbewerteter Graph (1)
- Karriere (1)
- Karrierefaktor (1)
- Karst (1)
- Karstgrundwasserleiter (1)
- Kation-Brücken (1)
- Kationen (1)
- Katze (1)
- Kausalanalyse (1)
- Kennzahl (1)
- Kenya (1)
- Kindheit (1)
- Klassische Musik (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimaerwärmung (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Klingenmünster (1)
- Klinische Psychologie (1)
- Kluftgrundwasserleiter (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Knowledge Graph (1)
- Knowledge Graphs (1)
- Kognitiv-behaviorale Gruppentherapie (1)
- Kognitive Entwicklung (1)
- Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (1)
- Kohlenstoffkreislauf (1)
- Kohlenstoffschichten (1)
- Kolb-Test (1)
- Kollaboration (1)
- Kollektivismus (1)
- Kolloid (1)
- Kolloide (1)
- Kolloids (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Kommunikation (intern) (1)
- Kommunikative Kompetenz (1)
- Kommunitarismus (1)
- Kompetenzdiagnostik (1)
- Kompetenzentwicklung (1)
- Kompetenzmessung (1)
- Komplexe Beeinträchtigungen (1)
- Komplexität / Algorithmus (1)
- Komponentenanalyse (1)
- Konditionierungen (1)
- Konfliktfähigkeit (1)
- Konfliktkultur (1)
- Konjugation (1)
- Konkurrenz (1)
- Konsistenz. Psychologie (1)
- Konstruieren (1)
- Konsumentenverhalten (1)
- Konsumverzicht (1)
- Kontaktwinkel (1)
- Kontamination (1)
- Kontiguität (1)
- Kontingenz (1)
- Kontrastlose Oberflächen (1)
- Konzept der Eingebetteten Demokratie (1)
- Kookkurrenz (1)
- Kooperation (1)
- Kooperatives Lernen (1)
- Kopenhagener Kriterien (1)
- Kran (1)
- Krankheitsverarbeitung (1)
- Krebspest (1)
- Kreuzbandverletzung (1)
- Kriegsneurose (1)
- Krisenberichterstattung (1)
- Kristallisation (1)
- Kriterium (1)
- Kritisches Lebensereignis (1)
- Kryo (1)
- Kubismus (1)
- Kulturelle Bildung (1)
- Kulturlandschaft (1)
- Kundendienst (1)
- Kunst (1)
- Kunstpädagogik (1)
- Körper (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- Körperproportionen (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- Künstliche Neuronale Netze (1)
- L2 writers (1)
- LIBS (1)
- LMX (1)
- Laacher See <Region> (1)
- Laie (1)
- Lake Kinneret (1)
- Lake Naivasha (1)
- Lake Wamala (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Landscape ecology (1)
- Landschaftsebene (1)
- Landschaftskartierung (1)
- Landschaftsökologie (1)
- Langlebigkeit (1)
- Laser (1)
- Lasso (1)
- Last-year students (1)
- Latent Negative (1)
- Laufen (1)
- Laugung (1)
- Laura Mulvey (1)
- Lebensbewältigung (1)
- Lebenslanges Lernen (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Lebensmittelabfall (1)
- Lebensmittelabfälle (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lebensraumqualität (1)
- Lebensstandard (1)
- Lehrerkompetenzen (1)
- Lehrerprofessionalisierung (1)
- Leiblich-Affektiv (1)
- Leiblichkeit (1)
- Leichte Sprache (1)
- Leistungsmotivation (1)
- Lernerfolg (1)
- Lernerorientierte Qualitätstestierung (LQW) (1)
- Lernklima (1)
- Lernkontext (1)
- Lernmaterial (1)
- Lernortlandschaft (1)
- Lernstation (1)
- Lernstilanalysen (1)
- Lernumwelt (1)
- Lernzirkel (1)
- Leugnung (1)
- Lied (1)
- Liedbearbeitungen (1)
- Life history (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Limology (1)
- Line Space (1)
- Linguistic Requirements (1)
- Linguistik (1)
- Linguistische Gesprächsanalyse (1)
- Link Prediction (1)
- Linking of Information (1)
- Literaturrecherche (1)
- Literaturwissenschaft (1)
- Loans (1)
- Local algorithm (1)
- Lockergesteinleiter (1)
- Logischer Schluss (1)
- Longevity (1)
- Lucanus cervus (1)
- Ludwig Heydenreich (1)
- Lumbago (1)
- Lumbalgie (1)
- Lumbar Spine (1)
- Lunaria (1)
- Lurche (1)
- Lycophytes (1)
- Ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- Ländliche Räume (1)
- Ländliche Siedlung (1)
- Ländlicher Raum (1)
- Längsschnittuntersuchung (1)
- MBS Model (1)
- MKS (1)
- MKS-Simulation (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Macro Financial Assistance Programs (1)
- Magnetis (1)
- Maifisch (1)
- Makrofinanzielle Unterstützungsprogramme (1)
- Makrophyten (1)
- Makrozoobenthos (1)
- Mapping <Mathematics> (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Mass-Spektrometrie (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Material Culture (1)
- Mathematical optimisation (1)
- Maßtheorie (1)
- Measure-theory (1)
- Medialität (1)
- Mediator (1)
- Medien (1)
- Mediengewalt (1)
- Mediennutzung (1)
- Medienphilosophie (1)
- Medienpsychologie (1)
- Medienpädagogik (1)
- Medientheorie (1)
- Medienwirkung (1)
- Medium (1)
- Medizinische Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Mehrebenenanalyse (1)
- Mehrkörpersystem (1)
- Mehrkörpersysteme (1)
- Mehrprozessorsystem (1)
- Meiofauna (1)
- Meliorismus (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (1)
- Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten (1)
- Mentalität (1)
- Merkmal (1)
- Merkmalsmanagement (1)
- Merkmalssynthese (1)
- Mesobenthos (1)
- Mesophiler Laubwald (1)
- Messung (1)
- Messung der Ökoeffizienz (1)
- Metalle/Matalloide (1)
- Metalloids (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metals/metalloids (1)
- Metamodel (1)
- Metapher (1)
- Metapopulation dynamics (1)
- Metapopulationsdynamiken (1)
- Methan (1)
- Methane emissions (1)
- Methode (1)
- Methodenvergleich (1)
- Mezzanine-Finanzierung (1)
- Microfinance (1)
- Microfinance institutions (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrofinanzierung (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikrosatelliten-DNA (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Mikroskopische Objekte (1)
- Mikroverunreinigung (1)
- Minderung (1)
- Minimalschnitt (1)
- Mining (1)
- Minsker Abkommen (1)
- Missionarin (1)
- Misskonzepte (1)
- Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit (1)
- Mitgefühl (1)
- Mittelrhein (1)
- Mittelstand (1)
- Mixed Methods (1)
- Mixed integer programming (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mixture Toxicity (1)
- Modellieren (1)
- Modellierungskompetenz (1)
- Modellprojekt PSB NIERE (1)
- Moderierte Diskussionen (1)
- Modeschmuck (1)
- Monolepta (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Mosambik (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Movie evaluation criteria (1)
- Mucilage (1)
- Multi-Agenten-Simulation (1)
- Multiagentensysteme (1)
- Multimodal Action Recognition (1)
- Multimodal Medical Image Analysis Cochlea Spine Non-rigid Registration Segmentation ITK VTK 3D Slicer CT MRI CBCT (1)
- Multiple Object Tracking (1)
- Multiple somatoforme Symptome (1)
- Multitrait-Multimethod-Modelle (1)
- Multivariable Statistik (1)
- Museums visitors (1)
- Museumsbesucher (1)
- Musiklehrendenforschung (1)
- Musikpädagogik (1)
- Musikunterricht (1)
- Musikverein (1)
- Mustererkennung (1)
- Männerchor (1)
- NMR relaxometry (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NSSV (1)
- Nachbarschaftsgraph (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsbericht (1)
- Nachrichtenwerttheorie (1)
- Nachtfalter (1)
- Nachtschmetterlinge (1)
- Named Function Networking (1)
- Nanoröhren (1)
- Narrative Interviews (1)
- Narrativität (1)
- Nassbaggerung (1)
- Nationalbewegung (1)
- Nationalismus (1)
- Nationalsozialismus (1)
- Nato (1)
- Nato Globale Partner (1)
- Nato Response Force (1)
- Nato Transformation (1)
- Natronwasserglas (1)
- Natura 2000 (1)
- Naturalismus (1)
- Naturpotential (1)
- Naturräumliche Gliederung (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Naturschutzgenetik (1)
- Naturschutzmanagement (1)
- Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht (1)
- Natürliche Schädlingskontrolle (1)
- Natürliches organisches Material (1)
- Near-surface turbulence (1)
- Neokonservative (1)
- Network robustness (1)
- Networks (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Netzwerkrobustheit (1)
- Netzwerktopologie (1)
- Neuroactive chemicals (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Nicht-Ziel-Pflanzen (1)
- Non-freezing water (1)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic R (1)
- Nutzen (1)
- Nutzererleben (1)
- Nyungwe National Park (1)
- Nährstoffverfügbarkeit (1)
- Nützlinge (1)
- OCB (1)
- OMW (1)
- OWL <Informatik> (1)
- Obama (1)
- Oberflächen-Runoff (1)
- Oberflächenabfluss (1)
- Oberflächeneigenschaft (1)
- Oberflächenveredelung (1)
- Objektorientierung (1)
- Offensiver Neorealismus (1)
- Ohrgeräusch (1)
- Oligomer (1)
- Olivenölproduktion (1)
- One-Shot Action Recognition (1)
- Online grocery shopping (1)
- Online-Kommunikation (1)
- Online-Lebensmittelhandel (1)
- Online-Self-Assessment (1)
- Ontologie (1)
- Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Open Content (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Operationsplanung (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optimismus (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optische Messtechnik (1)
- Ordensfrau (1)
- Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE) (1)
- Organische Bodensubstanz (1)
- Oriental region (1)
- Ostafrika (1)
- Osteocephalus (1)
- Ozon (1)
- Ozonisierung (1)
- Panikstörung (1)
- Paniksyndrom (1)
- Parkinsonismus (1)
- Parkinsonsyndrom (1)
- Partizipation (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Passiver Wortschatz (1)
- Perfect (1)
- Perfekt (1)
- Perfluorcarbonsäuren (1)
- Personalentwicklung (1)
- Personality (1)
- Petri Nets (1)
- Pflanzen (1)
- Pflegebedürftigkeit (1)
- Pflegedienst (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Philipp Walter (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phosphorsäureester (1)
- Photogrammetrie Kalibrierung EMVA-1288 (1)
- Photogrammetry (1)
- Photographie (1)
- Photovoltaik (1)
- Phylogeographie (1)
- Physik (1)
- Physikalische Therapie (1)
- Physikdidaktik (1)
- Phytophthora infestans (1)
- Placement Strategies (1)
- Planar graphs (1)
- Plant Communities (1)
- Plant protection products (1)
- Plastic mulching (1)
- Plasticization; Glass transition (1)
- Plastifizieren (1)
- Plastifizierung (1)
- Policy Language (1)
- Politische Steuerung (1)
- Politische Ökonomie (1)
- Politisches und Sicherheitspolitisches Komitee (PSK) (1)
- Pollinators (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polysaccharide (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polystichum (1)
- Population (1)
- Populationsgenetik (1)
- Pore Water (1)
- Poser analysis (1)
- Poser-Analyse (1)
- Positionierung (1)
- Positive Peer Culture (1)
- Power Law (1)
- Pragmatic (1)
- Pragmatisch (1)
- Pragmatismus (1)
- Pragmatizismus (1)
- Praktikant (1)
- Praktikum (1)
- Praktikumsbegleitung (1)
- Praxiswissen (1)
- Predictive Model (1)
- Preemptive strike (1)
- Present Perfect (1)
- Primzahl (1)
- Primzahlen (1)
- Privacy Competence Model (1)
- Pro-environmental behaviour change (1)
- Proactive Caching (1)
- Problemlösekompetenz (1)
- Problemlösen (1)
- Process (1)
- Process Quality (1)
- Product choice (1)
- Produktbewertung (1)
- Produktentscheidung (1)
- Produktwahl (1)
- Professionalisierung (1)
- Projektlernen (1)
- Projektpraktikum (1)
- Projektunterricht (1)
- Propagation (1)
- Prosoziales Verhalten (1)
- Proteinstrukturanalyse (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Prozessqualität (1)
- Prädikatenlogik (1)
- Prädiktor (1)
- Präkonzepte (1)
- Präliminarienartikel (1)
- Präposition (1)
- Präsentisches Perfekt (1)
- Präventivmedizin (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- Psychische Erkrankungen (1)
- Psychische Störung (1)
- Psychosomatische Störung (1)
- Psychosoziale Begleitung (1)
- Psychotherapie (1)
- Pteris (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrethroide (1)
- Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Qualitätsdimensionen (1)
- Qualitätsmanagement (1)
- Qualitätsmerkmale (1)
- Quantitative Untersuchung (1)
- Quasi unit disk graph (1)
- Quelle <Hydrologie> (1)
- Quellen (1)
- Quellfauna (1)
- Quelltypen (1)
- RCT (1)
- Rahmenmodell (1)
- Ralf Schauf (1)
- Random Finite Sets (1)
- Random Forest (1)
- Randomisierte kontrollierte Therapieevaluation (1)
- Randstreifen (1)
- Rat der Europäischen Union (1)
- Ratgeber (1)
- Rationalität (1)
- Raupe (1)
- Raytracing (1)
- Reactive algorithm (1)
- Rechtfertigung (1)
- Rechtfertigung <Philosophie> (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Reference Model (1)
- Referenzrahmen (1)
- Reflexion (1)
- Regenwald (1)
- Regenwald ; Afrika ; Cheilolejeunea (1)
- Regieren (1)
- Regionenlabeling (1)
- Rekonstruktion (1)
- Rekonstruktion (der Philosophie) (1)
- Religiosität (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Reproduktion (1)
- Repräsentation (1)
- Reservoir Sedimentation (1)
- Reservoirs (1)
- Resource Governance (1)
- Response-Shift (1)
- Revision (1)
- Revolution <1848> (1)
- Revolution in military affairs (1)
- Rezeptionsforschung (1)
- Rhein (1)
- Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis (1)
- Rheometry (1)
- Rhineland-Palatinate (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rieselmassen (1)
- Right-wing ideology (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren (1)
- Risiko-Beurteilung (1)
- Risiko-Minimierung (1)
- Risikoabschätzung (1)
- Risikominderungsmaßnahmen (1)
- Risikominimierung (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Rollstuhlbasketball (1)
- Routing (1)
- RuneScape (1)
- Runoff (1)
- Ruscaceae (1)
- Russia (1)
- Räuber (1)
- Rückverfolgbarkeit (1)
- SOA (1)
- SOK-Modell (1)
- SPEAR (1)
- Salinisation (1)
- Salm (1)
- Sanktionen der EU (1)
- Satelliten-DNS (1)
- Saving (1)
- Saving and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) (1)
- Scaffolding (1)
- Schadstoffbelastung (1)
- Schadstoffkonzentration (1)
- Scheidung (1)
- Scheidungsfolgen (1)
- Schlaf (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Schlauch (1)
- Schlussfolgern (1)
- Schmerz (1)
- Schmerzbewältigung (1)
- Schmerztherapie (1)
- Schmerzveränderung (1)
- Schmucktheorie (1)
- Schottland (1)
- Schreibdidaktik (1)
- Schreiben (1)
- Schreibprozess (1)
- Schreibtechnik (1)
- Schrifttheorie (1)
- Schulden (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schulklima (1)
- Schulleitung (1)
- Schwebstoffe (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Schädlingskontrolle (1)
- Schülerwahrnehmungen (1)
- Second Life (1)
- Security Requirements (1)
- Sediment Water Interface (1)
- Sediment-Water-Interfaces (1)
- See (1)
- Segmentierung (1)
- Selbstbeobachtung (1)
- Selbstbeschädigung (1)
- Selbstbild (1)
- Selbstdeutung (1)
- Selbsteinschaetzung (1)
- Selbsteinschätzung (1)
- Selbstführung (1)
- Selbstführungskompetenz (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selbstmanagement (1)
- Selbstmitgefühl (1)
- Selbstmord (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Selbsttötung (1)
- Selbstwert (1)
- Self-determination theory (1)
- Semantic Data (1)
- Semantic Web Data (1)
- Semiotik (1)
- Serigrafie (1)
- Service (1)
- Service Oriented Architecture (1)
- Service-Qualität (1)
- Servicepersonal (1)
- Sexualisierung (1)
- Sexuelle Orientierung (1)
- Sicherheit (1)
- Situationales Interesse (1)
- Size-fractionation (1)
- Skalenkonstruktion (1)
- Skalenvalidierung (1)
- Skalierungsmodelle (1)
- Skepsis (1)
- Skeptizismus (1)
- Social Cognitive Career Theory (1)
- Social Entrepreneurship in Vietnam (1)
- Social Software (1)
- Social identity theory (1)
- Socio-ecological transformation (1)
- Socio-economic development (1)
- Software Language (1)
- Software Technology (1)
- Softwarearchitektur (1)
- Soil physics (1)
- Soil structural stability (1)
- Solarzelle (1)
- Somatoform disorder (1)
- Somatoform symptoms (1)
- Somatoforme Störung (1)
- Somatoforme Störungen (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Southern Amazonia (1)
- Sozial-ökologische Transformation (1)
- Sozialarbeit (1)
- Soziale Identität (1)
- Soziale Wahrnehmung (1)
- Soziales Netzwerk (1)
- Sozialkompetenz (1)
- Sozialkonstruktivismus (1)
- Sparen (1)
- Spear (1)
- Speciation (1)
- Species turnover (1)
- Spielarten des Kapitalismus (1)
- Spiralcurriculum (1)
- Spiritualität (1)
- Sport (1)
- Sportverletzung (1)
- Sprachkompetenz (1)
- Sprachliche Handlungsmuster (1)
- Sprachspielkompetenz (1)
- Sprachtheorie (1)
- Sprechweise (1)
- St. Goar (1)
- St. Goarshausen (1)
- Staatsschuldenkrise (1)
- Standard of living (1)
- Standortanalyse (1)
- State (1)
- Statistische Versuchsplanung (1)
- Staubewässerung (1)
- Staugeregelte Flüsse (1)
- Stausee (1)
- Stauseeverlandung (1)
- Stechmücke (1)
- Stechmücken-Kontrolle (1)
- Stereotyp (1)
- Stereotype Content Model (1)
- Stimme (1)
- Stimmungsveränderung (1)
- Stollendesign (1)
- Straßenzustand (1)
- Stresstheorien (1)
- Structural Equation Modeling (1)
- Structural Validity (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Strukturelle Validität (1)
- Studienanfänger (1)
- Studiengang (1)
- Studienleistung (1)
- Studium (1)
- Stygofauna (1)
- Stygoregion (1)
- Subjektbildung (1)
- Sufficiency (1)
- Sufficiency orientation (1)
- Suffizienz (1)
- Suffizienzorientierung (1)
- Surface Science (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Symbolischer Interaktionismus (1)
- Symboltheorie (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Systemische Beratung (1)
- Sängerfest (1)
- Säugetiere (1)
- Südafrika (1)
- Südpfalz (1)
- Süßwasserhaushalt (1)
- TESiOH (1)
- TSK <Test> (1)
- TV debates (1)
- TV-Duelle (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Teamteaching (1)
- Technical potential (1)
- Technikgeschichte (1)
- Technologischer Raum (1)
- Teilregime und Indikatoren (1)
- Temperaturpräferenzen (1)
- Tempus (1)
- Tense (1)
- Terme (1)
- Text-Bild-Integration (1)
- Textaufgaben (1)
- Textlinguistik (1)
- Textverstehen (1)
- Theater (1)
- Theorem des Demokratischen Friedens (1)
- Theorembeweiser (1)
- Therapieerfolg (1)
- Time (1)
- Titandioxid-Nanopartikeln (1)
- Tod (1)
- Top-Management (1)
- Torf (1)
- Tourism (1)
- Tourismus (1)
- Toxicological characterization (1)
- Toxicology (1)
- Toxikologische Bewertung (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Trait (1)
- Traktions-Testgerät (1)
- Transfer coefficients (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transformationsprodukte (1)
- Transition (1)
- Transkranielle Elektrostimulation (1)
- Trauer (1)
- Tropfenform (1)
- Tropical rainforest (1)
- Tropischer Regenwald (1)
- Tundish (1)
- Turbulence (1)
- Turbulenz (1)
- Type System (1)
- Type system (1)
- Tätigkeitsanreize (1)
- UML (1)
- USA (1)
- Uferfiltration (1)
- Uferrandstreifen (1)
- Ultrakurze Pulse (1)
- Umkehrosmose (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltchemikalie (1)
- Umweltleistungsbewertung (1)
- Umweltproben (1)
- Umweltqualität (1)
- Umwelttoxikologie (1)
- Umweltverhaltensänderung (1)
- Umweltverschmutzung (1)
- Unit disk graph (1)
- Unlink Prediction (1)
- Unsicheres Schließen (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Unternehmen (1)
- Unternehmenserfolg (1)
- Unternehmensflexibilität (1)
- Unterrichts-Klima-Instrument (1)
- Unterrichtsbeurteilung (1)
- Unterrichtsmaterial (1)
- Unterrichtsmethode (1)
- Unterrichtsmethoden (1)
- Unterrichtsqualität (1)
- Untersuchung (1)
- Untersuchungsmethode (1)
- Unterwasserwelt (1)
- Upper-Body/Lower-Body (1)
- Urteilerübereinstimmung (1)
- Urteilsgenauigkeit (1)
- User experience (1)
- VIACOBI (1)
- Validität (1)
- Variabilität (1)
- Varieties of Capitalism (1)
- Vascular analysis (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Verb (1)
- Verbal Aspect (1)
- Verbraucherverhalten (1)
- Vereinbarkeitsproblem (1)
- Vergangenheitstempus (1)
- Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft (1)
- Verhaltensökonomie (1)
- Verhandlung (1)
- Verhältnis Ukraine-Russland (1)
- Verhältnis der Ukraine zu Russland (1)
- Verifikation (1)
- Verlaufskurvenanalyse (1)
- Verlust (1)
- Vermittlung (1)
- Versalzung (1)
- Versorgungspraxis (1)
- Verteilter Algorithmus (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (1)
- Very High Readiness Joint Task Foce (1)
- Veränderung von Vorstellungen (1)
- Videodiagnosetool ViviAn (1)
- Virtualisation (1)
- Virtualisierung (1)
- Virtuelle Welten (1)
- Virtuelle Ökonomien (1)
- Visual Stimuli Discovery (1)
- Visualisierung von Verbformen (1)
- Visuelle Kommunikation (1)
- Vocabulary (1)
- Vokabellernen (1)
- Volumen-Rendering (1)
- Voluntarismus (1)
- Vorschulkind (1)
- Vorschulkinder (1)
- Vorsorge (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- WCET (1)
- Wachstumsregler (1)
- Wagenschein (1)
- Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung (1)
- Wahlen zum europäischen Parlament (EU-Wahlen) (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Waist-to-Hip-Ratio (1)
- Waist-to-Shoulder-Ratio (1)
- Wanderfische (1)
- Wasser-Sediment-Grenzschichten (1)
- Wasserverschmutzung (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water Management (1)
- Water quality (1)
- Wavelet (1)
- Web (1)
- Web 2.0 (1)
- Web Science (1)
- Wegebau (1)
- Weiterbildung (1)
- Weiterbildungsverhalten (1)
- Weltbild (1)
- Weltkrieg <1939-1945> (1)
- Weltkultur (1)
- Wiederbesiedlung (1)
- Wikipedia (1)
- Wild pollinator (1)
- Wildbienen (1)
- Wildtiere (1)
- Will Eisner (1)
- William James (1)
- Windtunnel (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- Wireless sensor network (1)
- Wirkfaktor (1)
- Wirkfaktoren (1)
- Wirksamkeit (1)
- Wirtschaft (1)
- Wirtschaftsenglisch (1)
- Wissenselemente (1)
- Wissensmanagement (1)
- Wohlbefinden (1)
- Wohlfahrtspflege (1)
- World Wide Web (1)
- World Wide Web 2.0 (1)
- World of Warcraft (1)
- Wortschatz (1)
- Writing Conference (1)
- Wäschereibranche (1)
- Yellow-bellied toad (1)
- Zeichentheorie (1)
- Zeichentrick (1)
- Zeichnen (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zero (1)
- Ziel (1)
- Zifferndarstellung (1)
- Zikaden (1)
- Zoll (1)
- Zoobenthos (1)
- Zoologie (1)
- Zoology (1)
- Zooplankton (1)
- Zuckmücken (1)
- Zugang (1)
- Zusammenarbeit (1)
- Zusammenhängender Graph (1)
- Zuständigkeiten der EU (1)
- Zuwanderung (1)
- Zwangssterilisation (1)
- Zweiter Weltkrieg (1)
- absolutism (1)
- acceptance (1)
- activated sludge (1)
- adaptiv (1)
- adaptive GUI Design (1)
- adaptiver Unterricht (1)
- adjoint functions (1)
- advanced wastewater treatment (1)
- agricultural intensification (1)
- agroecosystems (1)
- alternative fromeworks (1)
- ambulante Pflege (1)
- amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer (1)
- amphibians (1)
- analytics (1)
- anthropogener Wärmeeintrag (1)
- anthropogenic disturbance (1)
- aquatic environment (1)
- aquatic invertebrates (1)
- argumentation (1)
- art deco (1)
- art nouveau (1)
- assertive multilateralism (1)
- assessment (1)
- attitudes towards specific movie features (1)
- auditorischer Neglekt (1)
- authoritarianism (1)
- automated theorem prover (1)
- automatic behavioral cues (1)
- bank filtration (1)
- bats (1)
- behavior change (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- belief in just world (1)
- beneficial insects (1)
- benthic oxygen fluxes (1)
- benthos (1)
- biocenosis (1)
- biocide (1)
- biocides (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biofiltration (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biological degradation (1)
- biologischer Abbau (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biotransformation (1)
- bioturbation (1)
- bribery (1)
- buffer strips (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- burnout (1)
- business intelligence (1)
- carbon hybridisation (1)
- care (1)
- cation bridges (1)
- cation-bridges (CaB) (1)
- chalk grassland (1)
- change (1)
- chemical force microscopy (1)
- chemical risk assessment (1)
- chironomids (1)
- classification (1)
- climate change (1)
- clonal diversity (1)
- co-occurrence (1)
- cognitive development (1)
- cognitive linguistic approach (1)
- cognitive-behavioral therapy (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collectivism (1)
- colloid (1)
- communication competency (1)
- competence-development (1)
- competence-measurement (1)
- competition (1)
- computer (1)
- concurrency (1)
- conflict detection (1)
- conflicting information (1)
- conservation genetics (1)
- construction materials (1)
- contact angle (1)
- contaminated sites (1)
- contamination (1)
- contemporary detective fiction (1)
- content analysis (1)
- contiguity (1)
- cooperation (1)
- corrosion protection (1)
- corrosion resistance (1)
- costume jewellery (1)
- covid-19 (1)
- criminal victimization (1)
- critical section (1)
- crop pollination (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cubism (1)
- cultural landscape (1)
- data mining (1)
- data protection (1)
- database (1)
- decision support tool (1)
- deductive (1)
- dengue (1)
- description logic (1)
- diagnostische Kompetenz (1)
- dialogische Kommunikation (1)
- dialogisches Management (1)
- digital library (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- disabled detective (1)
- disabled masculinity (1)
- disgust sensitivity (1)
- distribution (1)
- disturbance (1)
- dry inland waters (1)
- dynamic geometry (1)
- dynamic stability (1)
- ebullition (1)
- ecological risk management (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ecotoxicity (1)
- eddy correlation (1)
- educational achievement (1)
- educational alliance (1)
- educational aspirations (1)
- effect assessment (1)
- effect-directed analysis (1)
- electricity (1)
- emerging micropollutants (1)
- empirische Untersuchung (1)
- endocrine disrupting chemicals (1)
- endokrine Regulation (1)
- energetics (1)
- energy (1)
- english prepositions (1)
- enterprise collaboration platforms (1)
- enterprise collaboration systems (1)
- environmental compatibility (1)
- environmental psychology (1)
- environmental risk assessment (1)
- environmental surfaces (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epoxide (1)
- erweiterte Abwasserbehandlung (1)
- evaluation process (1)
- evolution (1)
- example (1)
- expansion (1)
- experimentelle Kompetenz (1)
- externe Repräsentationen (1)
- factorial invariance (1)
- fairness (1)
- fauna of springs (1)
- feedback (1)
- field experiment (1)
- field margin (1)
- fish tissues (1)
- flight attendant (1)
- floral resources (1)
- flows over time (1)
- fluid disturbances (1)
- focused feedback (1)
- folksonomies (1)
- football shoes (1)
- forest roads (1)
- framework (1)
- freshwater ecosystem (1)
- fungicide (1)
- fungus resistant grapevine (1)
- futex (1)
- galvanic anodes (1)
- gender (1)
- genotyping error (1)
- gesundheitsgerechtes Führen (1)
- giftedness (1)
- glass transition (1)
- global carbon cycle (1)
- grade (1)
- grassland irrigation (1)
- greenhouse gases (1)
- groundwater ecology (1)
- groundwater remediation (1)
- groundwater-fauna-index (1)
- groupwork (1)
- gälisch (1)
- hazard prediction (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- heart rate (1)
- high power impulse magnetron sputtering (1)
- humanistische Psychologie (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hybrid automata (1)
- hybride Automaten (1)
- hydrochemistry (1)
- hydrodynamic chromatography (1)
- hydrodynamische Chromatographie (1)
- hydrogeology (1)
- hydrological interactions (1)
- hydrologische Interaktionen (1)
- hydrology (1)
- hydrophobicity (1)
- iSearch (1)
- immediate priority ceiling protocol (1)
- implicit-explicit consistency (1)
- impounded rivers (1)
- in situ (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- information infrastructure (1)
- information processing (1)
- information retrieval (1)
- information system (1)
- insecticide (1)
- inszeniertes Charisma (1)
- integration (1)
- interaction (1)
- intergroup contact (1)
- invasive Arten (1)
- invasive species (1)
- invertebrates (1)
- keltisch (1)
- kinematics (1)
- klonale Diversität (1)
- kollaboratives Schreiben (1)
- konfligierende Information (1)
- kontext-reduzierte Gespräche (1)
- kooperatives Schreiben (1)
- land use change (1)
- landmarks (1)
- landscape (1)
- landscape complexity (1)
- landscape level (1)
- landscape mapping (1)
- laser induced fluorescence (1)
- laubassoziierter aquatischer Pilzgemeinschaften (1)
- leaching (1)
- lead desorption (1)
- leader-member exchange (1)
- leaf beetles (1)
- leaf-associated aquatic fungal communities (1)
- leafhoppers (1)
- learning context (1)
- lexical sophistication (1)
- life cycle test (1)
- lifelong learning (1)
- linear (1)
- long-living systems (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- low back pain (1)
- male gaze, (1)
- mammals (1)
- masculine disability (1)
- masculine identity (1)
- mathematical Modelling (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mathematics (1)
- mathematische Frühförderung (1)
- mathematische Kompetenz (1)
- mathematische Modellbildung (1)
- mathematisches Modellieren (1)
- measure (1)
- measurement of invariance (1)
- mechanism of action (1)
- metal-film phase plate (1)
- methane (1)
- methodical comparison (1)
- microsatellite DNA (1)
- microsatellite analysis (1)
- migration (1)
- minimal pruning (1)
- missionary (1)
- mitigation (1)
- mitigation measures (1)
- mixtures (1)
- modeling competency (1)
- monitor (1)
- mood change (1)
- morphology (1)
- motivation (1)
- multiagent systems (1)
- multikriterielles Bewertungssystem (1)
- multilevel analysis (1)
- multimediales Lernen (1)
- multiprocessing (1)
- multitrait-multimethod models (1)
- mutual exclusion (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nationalism (1)
- natural language generation (1)
- natural organic matter (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- naturwissenschaftliche Konzepte (1)
- negotiation (1)
- neuartige Spurenstoffe (1)
- nicht gefrierbares Wasser (1)
- nichtlinearer Zusammenhang (1)
- nichtsuizidale Selbstverletzung (1)
- non-consumptive effects (1)
- non-crop habitats (1)
- non-point source (1)
- non-target effects (1)
- non-target plants (1)
- nternational organizations (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- nun (1)
- object orientation (1)
- off-field habitats (1)
- offensive neorealism (1)
- olive mill wastewater (1)
- olive oil mill wastewater (1)
- oncological rehabilitation (1)
- onkologische Rehabilitation (1)
- online-self-assessment (1)
- optimization (1)
- organic coatings (1)
- organic pollution (1)
- organizational behavior (1)
- organophosphate (1)
- ozonation (1)
- ozonation of beta blockers (1)
- ozone (1)
- ozone reactivity (1)
- pH-Wert (1)
- parallel computing (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parents (1)
- peat (1)
- pedagogy (1)
- pelzresistente Rebsorten (1)
- periphyton (1)
- pest control (1)
- pesticide risk assessment (1)
- pharmaceuticals (1)
- photo selection (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical therapy (1)
- physics (1)
- plain language (1)
- plant protection products (1)
- planthoppers (1)
- plants (1)
- plastic consumption (1)
- playful learning (1)
- point source (1)
- pollen diet (1)
- pollinator development (1)
- pollinator fitness (1)
- pollution (1)
- polyurethane (1)
- population genetics (1)
- practical knowledge (1)
- predation (1)
- predictability (1)
- predictor (1)
- preschool children (1)
- primary care (1)
- primary school (1)
- priority effects (1)
- priority-Effekte (1)
- privacy by design (1)
- privacy impact assessment (1)
- probabilistic (1)
- problemhaltige Textaufgaben (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prosoziale Gruppennorm (1)
- punishment goals (1)
- pyrethroids (1)
- qualitativ-explorative empirische Studie (1)
- quantitativ (1)
- quasi-experimentelles Design (1)
- question answering (1)
- rainfall simulation (1)
- rainforest (1)
- randomized controlled trial (1)
- rationality (1)
- real-time computing (1)
- reasoning (1)
- recolonisation (1)
- region labeling (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative Prototypikalität (1)
- religiousness (1)
- repellency (1)
- reproduction (1)
- resources (1)
- response-shift (1)
- reverse osmosis (1)
- revision (1)
- risk mitigation measures (1)
- river sediments (1)
- rocking-phase plate (1)
- running (1)
- scaffolded writing (1)
- scale construction (1)
- scale validation (1)
- schizophrene Frau (1)
- school (1)
- school attack (1)
- school principal (1)
- school tier (1)
- schottisch-gaelisch (1)
- schottische Lieder (1)
- science learning (1)
- scorecard (1)
- security (1)
- selbstgenerierte Repräsentationen (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semantics (1)
- sexual orientation (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- simulation (1)
- simulation of soil moisture (1)
- single-particle analysis (1)
- situational interest (1)
- situierte Beobachtung (1)
- soccer (1)
- social competence (1)
- social perception (1)
- social system (1)
- software engineering (1)
- soil (1)
- soil aquifer treatment (1)
- soil erosion (1)
- soil pH (1)
- soil solution (1)
- soil water repellency (1)
- soils (1)
- somatoform disorders (1)
- soziale Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit (1)
- soziales System (1)
- sparsity (1)
- spatial (1)
- spatial Fuzzy Logic (1)
- spatial and temporal varibility (1)
- special educational needs (1)
- sport therapy (1)
- spray-drift (1)
- springs (1)
- standardized measure (1)
- stationäre Pflege (1)
- stereotypes (1)
- stream (1)
- stream mesocosm (1)
- stress (1)
- structure (1)
- stud design (1)
- student misbehavior (1)
- student ratings (1)
- student writing (1)
- stygofauna (1)
- surface characteristics (1)
- surface water (1)
- suspended particle matter (1)
- swarming (1)
- swimming behaviour (1)
- systematics (1)
- tag recommendation (1)
- task orientation (1)
- teacher beliefs (1)
- teacher education (1)
- teacher motivation (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teacher-education (1)
- teaching (1)
- teaching research (1)
- text-picture integration (1)
- theoretical framework (1)
- therapy outcome (1)
- thermal analysis (1)
- titanium nitride (1)
- toxicokinetics (1)
- trace organic chemicals (1)
- traceability (1)
- traction test device (1)
- trait-mediated effects (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformation products (1)
- trophic cascades (1)
- turn (1)
- unternehmerische Eignungsmerkmale (1)
- uptake (1)
- validity (1)
- variational discretization (1)
- vascular plants (1)
- vaskuläre Planzen (1)
- vegetated treatment systems (1)
- verbal interaction (1)
- verbale Interaktion (1)
- verification (1)
- visuell-räumlicher Neglekt (1)
- viticulture (1)
- voice (1)
- wastewater treatment plant (1)
- water pollution (1)
- water reuse (1)
- water scarcity (1)
- water treatment (1)
- water-molecule-bridges (WaMB) (1)
- wear resistance (1)
- web 2.0 (1)
- wettability (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wildlife management (1)
- window of opportunity (1)
- wireworms (1)
- workload (1)
- world polity (1)
- writing (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- Ärger (1)
- Ästuar (1)
- Ätiologie (1)
- Öko-Effizienz (1)
- Ökoeffizienz (1)
- Ökosystem (1)
- Ökotoxologie (1)
- Österreich (1)
- Östliche Partnerschaft der EU (1)
- Überarbeitung (1)
- Übergang von der Grundschule zur weiterführenden Schule (1)
- Überwachung (1)
- öffentlich-privat (1)
Institute
- Fachbereich 7 (93)
- Fachbereich 8 (47)
- Institut für Informatik (33)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Biologie (29)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften (23)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Chemie (22)
- Fachbereich 5 (20)
- Institut für Computervisualistik (18)
- Institut für Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsinformatik (13)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Physik (12)
Human action recognition from a video has received growing attention in computer vision and has made significant progress in recent years. Action recognition is described as a requirement to decide which human actions appear in videos. The difficulties involved in distinguishing human actions are due to the high complexity of human behaviors as well as appearance variation, motion pattern variation, occlusions, etc. Many applications use human action recognition on captured video from cameras, resulting in video surveillance systems, health monitoring, human-computer interaction, and robotics. Action recognition based on RGB-D data has increasingly drawn more attention to it in recent years. RGB-D data contain color (Red, Green, and Blue (RGB)) and depth data that represent the distance from the sensor to every pixel in the object (object point). The main problem that this thesis deals with is how to automate the classification of specific human activities/actions through RGB-D data. The classification process of these activities utilizes a spatial and temporal structure of actions. Therefore, the goal of this work is to develop algorithms that can distinguish these activities by recognizing low-level and high-level activities of interest from one another. These algorithms are developed by introducing new features and methods using RGB-D data to enhance the detection and recognition of human activities. In this thesis, the most popular state-of-the-art techniques are reviewed, presented, and evaluated. From the literature review, these techniques are categorized into hand-crafted features and deep learning-based approaches. The proposed new action recognition framework is based on these two categories that are approved in this work by embedding novel methods for human action recognition. These methods are based on features extracted from RGB-D data that are
evaluated using machine learning techniques. The presented work of this thesis improves human action recognition in two distinct parts. The first part focuses on improving current successful hand-crafted approaches. It contributes into two significant areas of state-of-the-art: Execute the existing feature detectors, and classify the human action in the 3D spatio-temporal domains by testing a new combination of different feature representations. The contributions of this part are tested based on machine learning techniques that include unsupervised and supervised learning to evaluate this suitability for the task of human action recognition. A k-means clustering represents the unsupervised learning technique, while the supervised learning technique is represented by: Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes, and Artificial Neural Networks classifiers. The second part focuses on studying the current deep-learning-based approach and how to use it with RGB-D data for the human action recognition task. As the first step of each contribution, an input video is analyzed as a sequence of frames. Then, pre-processing steps are applied to the video frames, like filtering and smoothing methods to remove the noisy data from each frame. Afterward, different motion detection and feature representation methods are used to extract features presented in each frame. The extracted features
are represented by local features, global features, and feature combination besides deep learning methods, e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks. The feature combination achieves an excellent accuracy performance that outperforms other methods on the same RGB-D datasets. All the results from the proposed methods in this thesis are evaluated based on publicly available datasets, which illustrate that using spatiotemporal features can improve the recognition accuracy. The competitive experimental results are achieved overall. In particular, the proposed methods can be better applied to the test set compared to the state-of-the-art methods using the RGB-D datasets.
The aim of this dissertational work was to examine physiological (heart rate variability measures) and biomechanical parameters (step features) as possible anticipating indicators of psychological mood states. 420 participants (275 male and 145 female, age: M=34.7 years ± 9.7) engaged in a 60-minute slow endurance run while they were asked questions via a mobile answering and recording device. We measured several mood states, physiological measures, and biomechanical parameters. We used a latent growth curve analysis to examine the cross-lagged effects. Results demonstrated significant (p ≤.05) relationships between biomechanical shoe features anticipating psychological mood states, as well as psychological mood states anticipating physiological parameters.
Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen haben sich im Unternehmenskontext als bedeutsame Prädiktoren von Bindungsphänomenen und Extra-Rollenverhalten zugunsten der Organisation erwiesen, aber für Alumni als ehemalige Mitglieder einer Organisation wurde dieser Zusammenhang bisher noch nicht untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über Konzepte, mit denen das in den Sozialwissenschaften bislang wenig adressierte und elaborierte Konzept der Alumnnibindung theoretisch gefasst und mit Konzepten der psychologischen Gerechtigkeitsforschung in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. Um die Bedeutsamkeit von Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen während der Hochschulzeit für spätere Alumnibindung und späteres Alumni-Engagement zu untersuchen, wird ein theoretisches Modell vorgeschlagen, das Gerechtigkeit mit bereits bekannten Einflussfaktoren integriert.
Die empirische Studie erfasste zu drei Messzeitpunkten zunächst die Kontrollvariablen und in einer zweiten Erhebungswelle die Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen von Studierenden. In einer dritten Erhebung ca. 6-12 Monaten nach Abschluss des Studiums die affektive und normative Hochschulbindung, sowie die Engagement-Bereitschaften von Alumni erhoben. Anhand der Stichprobe, die je nach Messzeitpunkt und beteiligten Variablen zwischen N = 296 bis N =795 Teilnehmenden umfasst, werden einzelne Hypothesen über die Auswirkung von Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen, sowie deren Bedeutung innerhalb eines multiplen regressionsanalytischen Mediationsmodelles überprüft.
Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass sich Hochschulbindung und Engagement-Bereitschaften von Alumni nicht nur prinzipiell durch Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen vorhersagen lassen, sondern diese insbesondere in ihrer prozeduralen und interaktionalen Komponente einen bedeutsamen Beitrag zur Vorhersage von Hochschulbindung und Engagement-Bereitschaften auch über andere Einflussfaktoren hinaus leisten. Ferner zeigte sich, der Einfluss von Gerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen auf Engagement-Bereitschaften von Alumni je nach konkretem Kriterium über eine affektive oder normative Form der Hochschulbindung mediiert wird.
For decades a worldwide decline of biological diversity has been reported. Landscapes are influenced by several kinds of anthropogenic disturbances. Agricultural land use, application of fertilizers and pesticides and the removal of corridors simplify and homogenize a landscape whereas others like road constructions lead to fragmentation. Both kinds lead to a constraint of habitats, reduce living environment and gene pool, hinder gene flow and change the functional characteristics of species. Furthermore, it facilitates the introduction of alien species. On the other hand, disturbances of different temporal and spatial dimensions lead to a more diverse landscape because they prevent competitive exclusion and create niches where species are able to coexist.
This study focuses on the complexity of disturbance regimes and its influence on phytodiversity. It differs from other studies that mostly select one or few disturbance types in including all identifiable disturbances. Data were derived from three study sites in the north of Bavaria and are subject to different land-use intensities. Two landscapes underlie agriculture and forestry, of which one is intensively used and the second one rather moderate and small-scaled. The third dataset was collected on an actively used military training area. The first part of the study deals with the influence of disturbance regimes on phytodiversity, first with the focus on military disturbances, afterwards in comparison with the agricultural landscapes. The second part examines the influence of disturbance regimes on red-listed species, the distribution of neophytes and generalist plant species and the homogenization of the landscape. All analyses were conducted on landscape and local scale.
A decisive role was played by the variety of disturbance types, especially in different temporal and spatial dimensions and not by single kinds of disturbances, which significantly was proven in the military training area with its multiple and undirected disturbance regime. Homogeneous disturbance regimes that typically are found in agricultural landscapes led to a reduced species number. On local scale, the abiotic heterogeneity which originated of recent and historical disturbances superimposed the positive effects of disturbance regimes, whereas dry and nutrient-poor sites showed a negative effect. Due to a low tree density and moderate treatment species numbers were significantly higher in forest in the training area than in the two agricultural landscapes.
Numbers of red-listed species were positively correlated to the total number of species in all three sites. However, the military training area showed a significantly higher abundance within the area in comparison to the agricultural landscapes where rare species were mostly found on marginal strips. Furthermore, numbers of neophytes and generalist species were lower and consequently homogenization.
In conclusion, the military training area is an ideal landscape from a nature conservation point of view. The moderately used agricultural area showed high species numbers and agricultural productivity. However, yield is too low to withstand either abandonment or land-use intensification.
Sind Menschen von einer Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland betroffen, so regelt der durch § 14 SGB XI festgeschriebene Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff den Zugang zu Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung. Der Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff ist dabei ein normativ gesetzter und basiert bislang nicht auf empirischen Studien aus dem Bereich der Pflege und der Pflegewissenschaft. Durch seine gesetzliche Fundierung lenkt er die Bedingungen und Strukturen, unter welchen Pflegeleistungen in Deutschland von Pflegefachpersonen erbracht werden. Weiterhin ist davon auszugehen, dass die Pflegefachpersonen durch ihre professionelle Sozialisierung einen fachlichen Fokus auf das Konstrukt der Pflegebedürftigkeit legen, welcher sich vom Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff unterscheidet und strukturell nicht in die Leistungsbemessung einfließt. Daraus ergeben sich Aspekte einer pflegerischen Unter- und Überversorgung.
Die vorliegende Ph.D.-Thesis verfolgt das Anliegen, die Herausforderungen des Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriffs in Deutschland aufzuzeigen, indem die Aspekte der Pflegebedürftigkeit von Pflegefachpersonen im ambulanten Setting im Hinblick auf deren Interaktion mit pflegebedürftigen Menschen empirisch erfasst und zu einem theoretischen Konzept ausgearbeitet werden. Zur methodischen Bearbeitung des Forschungsinteresses werden problemzzentrierte Interviews mit ambulanten Pflegefachpersonen geführt, die mit Rückbezug auf den Symbolischen Interaktionismus nach Herbert Blumer unter methodologischen und methodischen Gesichtspunkten mittels einer Grounded Theory nach Kathy Charmaz sowie Juliet Corbin und Anselm Strauss erhoben und ausgewertet werden. Dabei kommt ein reflexives-konstruktivistisches Forschen und Schreiben als Konsequenz der epistemologisch-methodologischen Fundierung der Autorin zur Anwendung.
Die erarbeitete Theorie beschreibt die Herausforderungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit aus Sicht der befragten Pflegefachpersonen. So werden in der Kernkategorie Aushandlungsprozesse in den Bereichen Nähe und Distanz, Anwaltschaft und Verantwortungsüberlassung sowie Ethos und Technokratie beschrieben. Sämtliche Aspekte zeigen auf, inwiefern der gesetzliche Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriff zu Herausforderungen innerhalb der pflegerischen Arbeit führt. Die Ph.D.-Thesis liefert mit ihren Ergebnissen einen Beitrag zur Einordnung und Relevanz pflegerischer Beziehungsarbeit im Hinblick auf herrschende Rahmenbedingungen der Pflegebedürftigkeit und zeigt auf, inwiefern sich Interaktion und Kommunikation der Akteur*innen vor dem Anspruch individueller Pflege und dem deutschen ambulanten Pflegesystem wechselseitig bedingen. Sie liefert damit einen professionell und empirisch begründeten Ansatz für die Einschätzung und Bearbeitung von pflegefachlich erlebter Pflegebedürftigkeit.
In der Biologie stellt das Zeichnen eine zentrale Arbeitstechnik dar. Viele Studien konnten auf einen positiven Effekt des Zeichnens für bestimmte Situationen hinweisen. Schülerinnen und Schüler müssen diese Technik jedoch zunächst erlernen. Hierbei können zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten auftreten, die die inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung gefährden. Jedoch wurden sowohl Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Repräsentationsformen als auch der Zeichenprozess bislang nur lückenhaft untersucht. Die Studie dieser Arbeit hat daher zum Ziel, (I) den Zeichenprozess auf der Ebene der Sichtstruktur zu beschreiben, (II) die manifesten Schwierigkeiten von Lernenden zu erfassen, auf die sie während der Konstruktion biologisch bedeutsamer Repräsentationsformen (Ablaufdiagramme, mikroskopische Zeichnungen) treffen, (III) und auf Grundlage der empirischen Befunde Schülertypen abzuleiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund waren 21 Schülerinnen und Schüler angehalten, jeweils ein Ablaufdiagramm auf Grundlage eines Texts und eine mikroskopische Zeichnung auf Grundlage eines Präparats zu konstruieren und dabei laut zu denken. Fragen zur Vorerfahrung sowie retrospektiv gestellte Fragen zum Vorgehen der Teilnehmenden umrahmten den videografisch dokumentierten Prozess. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Zeichenprozess mehr als zehn unterschiedliche Tätigkeiten umfassen kann, wobei die Kerntätigkeit des Zeichnens durchschnittlich nur rund ein Drittel des Prozesses ausmacht. Die Prozessstruktur zwischen Fällen variiert erheblich. Weiterhin konnten etwa 30 Schwierigkeiten bzw. Fehler identifiziert werden, die während der Konstruktion beider Repräsentationsformen auftreten. Diese können dabei sowohl einzelne als auch mehrere Tätigkeiten betreffen und zu Tätigkeitsabbrüchen führen. Schwierigkeiten stehen häufig in Verbindung mit Tätigkeiten, die außerhalb der Kerntätigkeit des Zeichnens liegen (z. B. Abgleich mit der Textgrundlage). Bezogen auf Ablaufdiagramme stellt das Verhältnis depiktional bzw. deskriptional dargestellter Textinformationen den Ausgangspunkt der Typisierung dar: Typ I: realistisch abbildend, II: alternierend abbildend und III: schriftorientiert abbildend. Für mikroskopische Zeichnungen war die Häufigkeit des Abgleichs mit dem Objekt grundlegend für die Typisierung: Typ I: oberflächlich abbildend, II: objektorientiert abbildend und III: undifferenziert detailliert abbildend. Die Studie liefert erstmals Kategoriensysteme, die es erlauben, die Prozessstruktur des Zeichnens sichtbar und zwischen Fällen vergleichbar zu machen sowie schwierigkeitsbezogenes Grundlagenwissen zur Konstruktion von Zeichnungen, basierend auf Texten und Beobachtungen. Die Übertragbarkeit der Befunde auf andere Repräsentationsformen ist an vielen Stellen denkbar. Die theoretisch fundierte Systematisierung von Schwierigkeiten kann von weiterführenden Untersuchungsansätze aufgegriffen werden und erlaubt die Verortung situationsangemessener Unterstützungsmaßnahmen.
Harvesting Season?
(2022)
Efforts to induce customers to buy groceries through the Internet have existed for around twenty years. Early on, the market structures of the digital grocery trade were still strongly fragmented and poorly coordinated. Due to the technological advancement in the past decade, the digital purchase of groceries has become more attractive. The adoption rate of these services varies greatly between different regions. In Germany in particular, the digital grocery trade is stagnating at a comparatively low level. In this regard, this dissertation analyzes both the retail-side market structures and the expectations and obstacles of German consumers.
The year 2020 connotes a turning point for the online grocery trade, as daily routines such as grocery shopping were subject to strict regulations imparted at a governmental level in order to reduce COVID-19 infections. At the same time, despite this opportunity, the digital grocery trade has not yet established itself nationwide in Germany. This can be attributed to a lack of investments, but also to inadequate digitization measures. A stronger synchronization between the digital and stationary offer, better integration of digital food services at a regional level as well as adapted, target group-appropriate digital solutions for the efficient breakdown of usage barriers will benefit service usage. The importance of stable food chains and distribution channels was illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should help to develop the digital food trade into a stable and sustainable supplementation of the stationary store.
The concept of hard and soft news (HSN) is regarded as one of the most important concepts in journalism research. Despites this popularity, two major research voids can be assigned to the concept. First, it lacks conceptual clarity: the concept gets used interchangeably with related concepts such as sensationalism, which has led to fuzzy demarcations of HSN. Also, it is still not agreed on of which dimensions the concept in composed. Second, little is known about the factors that influence the production of news in terms of their hard or soft nature. The present disserta-tion casts a twofold glance on the HSN concept – it aims to assess the conceptual status of the concept and production of hard and soft news.
At the outset, this dissertation delineates the theoretical base for three manuscripts in total and presented considerations on concepts in social sciences in general and hard and soft news in particular as well as the production of news, particularly of hard and soft news. The first paper proposed a theoretical frame-work model to distinguish HSN and related concepts. Based on a literature review of in total five concepts, this model suggested a hierarchy in which these concepts can be discerned according to their occurrence in media content. The second pa-per focused on the inner coherence of the HSN concept in its most recent academ-ic understanding. The results of a factorial survey with German newspaper jour-nalists showed that, indeed, four out of five dimensions of the HSN concept com-prised what the journalists understood by it. Hence, the most recent academic un-derstanding is to a great extent coherent. The third study shed light on the produc-tion of HSN, focusing on the influence of individual journalists’ and audience’s characteristics on whether news was presented in hard or soft way. The findings of a survey with simulated decision scenarios among German print journalists showed that the HSN dimensions were susceptible to different journalistic influ-ences and that a perceived politically uninterested audience led to a softer cover-age. The dissertation concluded with connecting these findings with the considera-tions on concept evaluation and the production of news. Implications for research on and with the concept of HSN were presented, before concluding with limitations and suggestions for future research.
Within the field of Business Process Management, business rules are commonly used to model company decision logic and govern allowed company behavior. An exemplary business rule in the financial sector could be for example:
”A customer with a mental condition is not creditworthy”. Business rules are
usually created and maintained collaboratively and over time. In this setting,
modelling errors can occur frequently. A challenging problem in this context is
that of inconsistency, i.e., contradictory rules which cannot hold at the same
time. For instance, regarding the exemplary rule above, an inconsistency would
arise if a (second) modeller entered an additional rule: ”A customer with a mental condition is always creditworthy”, as the two rules cannot hold at the same
time. In this thesis, we investigate how to handle such inconsistencies in business
rule bases. In particular, we develop methods and techniques for the detection,
analysis and resolution of inconsistencies in business rule bases
This thesis focuses on the utilization of modern graphics hardware (GPU) for visualization and computation purposes, especially of volumetric data from medical imaging. The considerable increase in raw computing power in recent years has turned commodity systems into high-performance workstations. In combination with the direct rendering capabilities of graphics hardware, "visual computing" and "computational steering" approaches on large data sets have become feasible. In this regard several example applications and concepts such as the "ray textures" have been developed and are discussed in detail. As the amount of data to be processed and visualized is steadily increasing, memory and bandwidth limitations require compact representations of the data. While the compression of image data has been investigated extensively in the past, the thesis addresses possibilities of performing computations directly on the compressed data. Therefore, different categories of algorithms are identified and represented in the wavelet domain. By using special variants of the compressed format, efficient implementations of essential image processing algorithms are possible and demonstrate the potential of the approach. From the technical perspective, the GPU-based framework "Cascada" has been developed in the course of this thesis. The introduction of object-oriented concepts to shader programming, as well as a hierarchical representation of computation and/or visualization procedures led to a simplified utilization of graphics hardware while maintaining competitive performance. This is shown with different implementations throughout the contributions, as well as two clinical projects in the field of diagnosis assistance. On the one hand the semi-automatic segmentation of low-resolution MRI data sets of the human liver is evaluated. On the other hand different possibilities in assessing abdominal aortic aneurysms are discussed; both projects make use of graphics hardware. In addition, "Cascada" provides extensions towards recent general-purpose programming architectures and a modular design for future developments.
Internationale Bildungsstudien (TIMSS und PISA) offenbarten, dass es deutschen Schülern nur begrenzt gelingt, ihr erworbenes Wissen im Physikunterricht zur Problemlösung in neuen Kontexten zu nutzen. Als Grund nennen die Studien die gering ausgeprägte Kompetenz-erwartung in Bezug zum Fach Physik. Die Folge ist eine geringe Motivation der Lernenden, physikalische Aufgaben zu lösen. Studien zeigen aber auch, dass die Motivation beim Lernen durch den Einsatz digitaler Lernmedien gesteigert werden konnte. Aus diesem Grund wird in dieser Arbeit untersucht, ob das Vertrauen in die eigenen Fähigkeiten durch das Lernen in einer integrierten Lernumgebung gefördert werden kann. Im Rahmen eines Design-Based-Research-Forschungsansatzes (DBR) wurde eine integrierte Lernumgebung „Wärmelehre“ mit digitalen Lernmedien für den Physikunterricht gestaltet, die dann in zwei Schulformen (IGS und Gymnasium) innerhalb einer quasi-experimentellen Feldstudie erprobt wurde. Im 1. Zyklus des DBR wurden die Wirkungen des selbstständigen Lernens mit digitalen/analogen Medien in Einzelarbeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Wissenstests zeigen einen höheren Lernerfolg bei den Lernenden der Experimentalgruppen, der sich aber nicht signifikant von den Lernenden der Kontrollgruppen (analoge Medien) unterscheidet. Die Lernenden konnten sich in der integrierten Lernumgebung mit Unterstützung beider Medienformate selbstständig Fachwissen aneignen und problembasierte Textaufgaben lösen. Die Ergebnisse der Befragungen der Lernenden zeigen, dass sich die Lerngruppen signifikant in ihrem erlebten Grad der Selbststeuerung unterscheiden. Die Lernenden beider Experimentalgruppen bewerten ihren Handlungsspielraum besser als die Lernenden der beiden Kontrollgruppen. Ebenfalls konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die individuellen Lernvoraussetzungen, der Lernstiltyp, das Kompetenzerleben und die Aspekte der Medien-gestaltung wechselseitig beeinflussen und auf den Lernerfolg wirken. Die Ergebnisse der Lernstilanalyse zeigen, dass sich selbst kleine Lerngruppen heterogen zusammensetzen. Demnach scheint es für einen guten Lernerfolg notwendig zu sein, dass die Lehrenden, die Lernumgebung an die individuellen Lernpräferenzen der Lernenden der Lerngruppe anpassen. Aus den Ergebnissen lässt sich als Konsequenz für den Physikunterricht ableiten, dass Selbstlernphasen mit digitalen Lernmedien regelmäßig in den Unterricht integriert werden sollten, um die Problemlöse- und die Selbststeuerungskompetenz zu fördern. Es ist von Vorteil, wenn die Lehrenden für die Gestaltung einer Lernumgebung, das Vorwissen, die individuellen Lernvoraussetzungen und die Zusammensetzung der Lerngruppe (Lernstiltyp) als Qualitätsdimensionen erfassen. Im Re-Design werden Vorschläge unterbreitet, wie die integrierte Lernumgebung lernstilgerecht weiterentwickelt werden kann. Im 2. Zyklus soll dann erforscht werden, ob sich Unterschiede im Lernerfolg und in den untersuchten Aspekten zeigen, wenn die Lernenden in Einzelarbeit, in Partnerarbeit oder in ihrer Lernstilgruppe selbstgesteuert lernen, um die Lernumgebung zyklisch weiterzuentwickeln.
Biodiversity is not only threatened by habitat loss, climate change and pollution, but also by invasive species. The impact of introduced species is immense and causes substantial ecological and economical costs worldwide. With the start of domestications of the African wildcat (Felis lybica) in the Near East, the transport of house cats (Felis catus) around the world as a commensal and domesticate began. The general aim of my thesis was to investigate the impact of invasive feral cats on native species as well as underlying population genetic structures, diversity and phylogeography. This was studied in the context of the demographic history in Australia and Hawai'i. My studies confirmed that the main introductions of cats to Australia began in the 19th century via ships of European settlers, traders and workers. Similarly, I was able to confirm cat introductions to Hawai'i by European traders and explorers; which has to the present a devastating effect on Hawaiian endemic species. Likewise, cats are widespread across Australia, can be found on most islands and are recognized as one of the major threats to Australian native species. A selective feeding behaviour by invasive predators was found in one of my studies. This study additionally gives an indication for possible population recovery of small Western Australianrnvertebrate species after predator removal. Advancement and the combination of various management techniques allow, if adequately funded, a more efficient planning and implementation of eradication campaigns. Population genetic approaches are able to give insights into population genetic structure, diversity and kinship, thereby enabling management campaigns to be more cost effective and successful. No pattern of isolation by distance between populations of Hawai"i and Australia indicated that trade routes, such as the "Golden Round" of the maritime fur trade, facilitated a link between far off global cat populations. Multiple introductions to Australia and intermixing with domestic breed cats resulted in feral cat populations which showrnno signs of reduced genetic variability. My studies also revealed the advantages of bioproxies in combination with phylogeography, which enable the inference and reconstruction of introduction routes, history and origin of invasive species. Genetic signals of historically introduced genotypesrnare still discernible on islands with low number of introductions over time and thereby low intermixing with domestic fancy breeds. Feral cats' adaptability as an invader was reconfirmed and possible underlying genetic mechanisms enabling their success as a global invader ("global supercat") are discussed. Research into the feralisation process of cats will provide new information regarding the domestication of cats, the genetic basis of feralisation and allow additional insights into cats" adaptive potential.
Gel effect induced by mucilage in the pore space and consequences on soil physical properties
(2020)
Water uptake, respiration and exudation are some of the biological functions fulfilled by plant roots. They drive plant growth and alter the biogeochemical parameters of soil in the vicinity of roots, the rhizosphere. As a result, soil processes such as water fluxes, carbon and nitrogen exchanges or microbial activity are enhanced in the rhizosphere in comparison to the bulk soil. In particularly, the exudation of mucilage as a gel-like substance by plant roots seems to be a strategy for plants to overcome drought stress by increasing soil water content and soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at negative water potentials. Although the variations of soil properties due to mucilage are increasingly understood, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms in the pore space leading to such variations is lacking.
The aim of this work was to elucidate the gel properties of mucilage in the pore space, i.e. interparticulate mucilage, in order to link changes of the physico-chemical properties in the rhizosphere to mucilage. The fulfilment of this goal was confronted to the three following challenges: The lack of methods for in situ detection of mucilage in soil; The lack of knowledge concerning the properties of interparticulate mucilage; The unknown relationship between the composition and the properties of model substances and root mucilage produced by various species. These challenges are addressed in several chapters.
In a first instance, a literature review picked information from various scientific fields about methods enabling the characterization of gels and gel phases in soil. The variation of soil properties resulting from biohydrogel swelling in soil was named the gel effect. The combined study of water entrapment of gels and gel phases in soil and soil structural properties in terms of mechanical stability or visual structures proved promising to disentangle the gel effect in soil.
The acquired methodical knowledge was used in the next experiments to detect and characterize the properties of interparticulate gel. 1H NMR relaxometry allows the non-invasive measure of water mobility in porous media. A conceptual model based on the equations describing the relaxation of water protons in porous media was developed to integrate the several gel effects into the NMR parameters and quantify the influence of mucilage on proton relaxation. Rheometry was additionally used to assess mucilage viscosity and soil microstructural stability and ESEM images to visualize the network of interparticulate gel. Combination of the results enabled to identify three main interparticulate gel properties: The spider-web effect restricts the elongation of the polymer chains due to the grip of the polymer network to the surface of soil particles. The polymer network effect illustrates the organization of the polymer network in the pore space according to the environment. The microviscosity effect describes the increased viscosity of interparticulate gel in contrast to free gel. The impact of these properties on soil water mobility and microstructural stability were investigated. Consequences on soil hydraulic and soil mechanical properties found in the literature are further discussed.
The influence of the chemical properties of polymers on gel formation mechanism and gel properties was also investigated. For this, model substances with various uronic acid content, degree of esterification and amount of calcium were tested and their amount of high molecular weight substances was measured. The substances investigated included pectic polysaccharides and chia seed mucilage as model polymers and wheat and maize root mucilage. Polygalacturonic acid and low-methoxy pectin proved as non-suitable model polymers for seed and root mucilage as ionic interactions with calcium control their properties. Mucilage properties rather seem to be governed by weak electrostatic interactions between the entangled polymer chains. The amount of high molecular weight material varies considerably depending on mucilage´s origin and seems to be a straight factor for mucilage’s gel effect in soil. Additionally to the chemical characterization of the high molecular weight compounds, determination of their molecular weight and of their conformation in several mucilages types is needed to draw composition-property profiles. The variations measured between the various mucilages also highlight the necessity to study how the specific properties of the various mucilages fulfill the needs of the plant from which they are exuded.
Finally, the integration of molecular interactions in gel and interparticulate gel properties to explain the physical properties of the rhizosphere was discussed. This approach offers numerous perspectives to clarify for example how water content or hydraulic conductivity in the rhizosphere vary according to the properties of the exuded mucilage. The hypothesis that the gel effect is general for all soil-born exudates showing gel properties was considered. As a result, a classification of soil-born gel phases including roots, seeds, bacteria, hyphae and earthworm’s exuded gel-like material according to their common gel physico-chemical properties is recommended for future research. An outcome could be that the physico-chemical properties of such gels are linked with the extent of the gel effect, with their impact on soil properties and with the functions of the gels in soil.
Problembewältigung stellt eine essentielle (kognitive) Aktivität im alltäglichen Leben, wie auch im Berufsleben, dar. Bereits in der Grundschule wird diese Fähigkeit, z.B. bei der Lösung von mathematischen Textaufgaben, gefordert und gefördert. Trotzdem bereitet dies Schülern verschiedener Klassenstufen nach wie vor große Schwierigkeiten. Das Lösen von Textaufgaben erfordert eine Vielzahl kognitiver Operationen. Dies ist besonders dann der Fall, wenn es sich bei den Aufgaben nicht um Routineaufgaben handelt. Für die Bearbeitung von Textaufgaben können Schüler auf verschiedene Repräsentationen zurückgreifen, wobei sowohl interne und externe als auch depiktionale (abbildende) und deskriptionale (beschreibende) unterschieden werden können. Da bisher kaum empirische Forschungsarbeiten zum Umgang von Schülern mit problemhaltigen Textaufgaben vorliegen, und darüber hinaus sehr wenig über die selbstgenerierten Repräsentationen bei der Bearbeitung von Textaufgaben bekannt ist, ist die vorliegende Arbeit z.T. explorativ angelegt. Im Fokus stehen die spontanen und individuellen Lösungsprozesse von Schülern verschiedener Klassenstufen bei der Bearbeitung von problemhaltigen Textaufgaben. Dabei wurde vorrangig untersucht, auf welche Repräsentationsformen die Schüler bei ihren Lösungsprozessen zurückgreifen.
Insgesamt 268 Schüler verschiedener Klassenstufen (Grundschüler der 3. und 4. Klasse; Gymnasiasten der 6. und 9. Klasse) wurden in Einzeluntersuchungen gebeten, jeweils fünf problemhaltige Textaufgaben zu lösen. Diese wurden ursprünglich im Hinblick auf die Primarstufe entwickelt, scheinen jedoch auch für Schüler höherer Klassenstufen ihren anspruchsvollen Charakter nicht zu verlieren. Für die Aufgabenlösungen standen den einzelnen Schülern verschiedene Materialien zur Verfügung. Von Seiten der Versuchsleitung wurden keinerlei Hilfestellungen gegeben. Nach jeder Aufgabe wurden die Schüler zu ihren Vorgehensweisen mittels halbstrukturiertem Interview befragt. Das individuelle Vorgehen wurde durch Videoaufzeichnungen festgehalten.
Das gewonnene Videomaterial wurde durch drei geschulte Beobachter anhand eines selbstentwickelten Kodiersystems quantifiziert und schließlich statistisch ausgewertet.
Allgemein kann gesagt werden, dass alle Schüler Schwierigkeiten bei der Bearbeitung der fünf Textaufgaben aufwiesen. So gab es nicht einen Schüler, der alle fünf Aufgaben richtig lösen konnte. Trotzdem nahm die Anzahl der richtigen Lösungen mit höherer Klassenstufe signifikant zu. In diesem Zusammenhang ergaben sich jedoch unterschiedlich starke Zuwächse in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Aufgabe und ihren Anforderungen.
Hinsichtlich der selbstgenerierten Repräsentationsformen ergaben sich u.a. folgende Ergebnisse. Erstens operierten die Grundschüler im Vergleich zu den Gymnasiasten sehr stark intern deskriptional, d.h., sie waren versucht, die gesamten Aufgaben durch Kopfrechnen zu bewältigen. Zweitens griffen die Schüler mit höherer Klassenstufe eher auf verschiedene Repräsentationsformen zurück, was für einen flexibleren Umgang mit ihnen spricht. Drittens scheint die Verwendung multipler Repräsentationen bei der Konstruktion des mathematischen Modells nicht per se zu einer richtigen Lösung zu führen. Aber sie verhindert, unabhängig von der Klassenstufe, eine gänzlich falsche Aufgabenbearbeitung bzw. -lösung. Im Bezug auf das Lösungsvorgehen konnte kein eindeutiges Ergebnis erzielt werden. Hier scheinen je nach Aufgabenanforderungen (und wahrscheinlich auch Personenfähigkeiten) ganzheitliche und zergliedernde Vorgehensweisen unterschiedlich gut geeignet zu sein im Hinblick auf den Lösungserfolg. Nachfolgende Untersuchungen müssen die hier berichteten Ergebnisse überprüfen. Die Ergebnisse legen jedoch nahe, dass hinsichtlich des Umgangs von Schülern mit anspruchsvollen Textaufgaben nach wie vor Handlungsbedarf bestehen sollte. Gerade der im Mathematikunterricht gelegte Schwerpunkt auf deskriptionale Repräsentationsformen im Sinne von Rechnungen und Gleichungen scheint bedenklich. Vielmehr sollte eine Schulkultur etabliert werden, die den flexiblen Einsatz von verschiedenen Repräsentationsformen, und hier im Besonderen die Verwendung depiktionaler Repräsentationen, als legitim und durchaus notwendig erachtet.
Gefährdete Weltmacht USA
(2017)
Aims and findings of the dissertation
The completed research uses holistic, politological and historical approaches to present how, during the studied period of the administrations of Clinton to Obama, the liberal, rule-based world order system is gradually supplemented and replaced by a system of realist imposition of vital interests that have short-term effects, preferring military means combined with continuous military optimisation. This also explains a continuity between the leading-power policy of administrations in this study (1993-2017) and the subsequent period of the “transactional leadership of Trump”(1), with its recognizable, far-reaching effects of aiming to reduce idealistic Grand Strategy elements and measures of a benevolent order by passing on costs to and reducing the benefits of European NATO allies. The results of this dissertation, such as the increasingly evident dissolution of a multilateral fundamental order, therefore indicate that Trump’s foreign and security policy to date should be regarded as a clearly noticeable crisis symptom, rather than the cause of a decline in the world order established after 1945. This decline is synonymous with the erosion of the transatlantically initiated bipolar “American system”. Its implementation was the result of the “lesson of two world wars”, based on modern concepts of order introduced by the Enlightenment and the founding criteria of the United States: thus its dissolution is also an indicator of the failure of contemporary criteria of order that thrive in the “American way of life”.
The cause of the described development is shown to be a constantly exacerbating overall threat, from Clinton to Obama, which is connected to the consistent erosion of US supremacy. Among other aspects, this is based on climate change effects postulated in 1979, which multiply the threat while coinciding with American peak production of fossil fuels and increased demand on resources in the context of dwindling raw material resources. Furthermore, during the period of this study, the “US conservative revolution”, which began in the 1980s, increasingly affected foreign and security policy, combining with a consolidation in the influence of corporations and lobby groups in fields such as policy implementation and new underlying conditions. They include the onset of digitisation, entailing a high consumption of resources, and a growing world population faced with specific demographic indicators. Additionally, the maintenance of the armaments sector, originally a result of bipolar development, as the economic basis of military supremacy and the slow decline of the Dollar hegemony since around 1973, should also be taken into account. Complex interaction between Grand Strategy implementation according to the premise of expanding US-American dominance under neoconservative and Christian Right-wing influences, as well as asymmetrical and reactivated conventional security threats and threat multipliers clearly indicate the linear development of the overall threat in the period between 1993 and 2017: in the context of Grand Strategy statements, above all the understanding of defence against this threat, of the latter’s multiplying factors and the market economy explains the following with respect to the US far-right in a complex interaction with the growth of transnational corporations, lobby groups, individuals(2), informal networks and state actors with respect to objects of threat and threat multipliers(3) in connection with the post-bipolar, global anchoring of US economic and consumer patterns: US adaptation of its reaction to this threat – while consolidating imperial presidency(4) and weakening the system of checks and balances – including its implications of a bipolar liberal order. In this way, the necessary continued leadership within NATO through the US-proposed NATO reform can be seen as an appropriate implementation of transformed threat-reaction measures and the legitimisation of systemic adaptation. It equally becomes clear that the established threat reaction measures only provide a short-term defence: instead, they enhance the asymmetric and conventional threat, as well as threat multipliers – by introducing arms races and breaking down arms control – thereby heightening the overall threat. The consequence is the consistently growing likelihood of a conflict of hitherto unimaginable proportions. At the same time, the urgent need to mobilise transatlantic cooperation with respect to supporting global cooperation between state and non-government actors is illustrated with respect to the roots of the threat and its deteriorating underlying conditions: each increase in the overall threat, the adapted US security policy and its continuation in NATO is connected to an erosion of rule-based underlying criteria during the studied period. This continuously and consistently undermines the basis of the above-stated, ever-increasingly important cooperation, to prevent or at least limit the successive erosion of the bipolar “American system” under future dystopias. The research results completely overturn the state of research to date, since for instance it is possible to show that, by means of NATO transformation findings, no transatlantic sharing of burdens on an equal footing and no NATO reform in accordance with its founding principles can be achieved. The same also applies to European opposition to the actual anchoring of NATO transformation positions(5), which is based on the erosion of the bipolar liberal order system and the maintenance of US advantages as well as the consolidation of particular interests they facilitate. Furthermore, it is apparent that a line of continuity in the threat-reaction measures from Clinton to Obama exists with varying external effects, along with an underlying pattern of “Battleship America” – as opposed to a multilaterally orientated foreign and security policy under Clinton, which merged into a unilateral, radical swing under G. W. Bush 43 following 9/11, but was reverted by the Obama administration. A comprehensive wealth of literature was used of the doctoral thesis, as reflected by the extensive bibliography: they firstly include diverse American and European publications, monographs and relevant secondary literature, including biographies, publications of various kinds of important political planning and implementation, as well as collected volumes and research articles from specialist journals on all fields of research and politological methodology and theory. The same applies to publications by leading European and American institutions, research centres and think tanks. Furthermore, this author used publications and documents by governments, foreign ministries, defence ministries, other government bodies and Nato.
Dissertation structure
This dissertation is divided into two volumes and one Appendix: Volume 1 discusses Focus 1, namely a process-tracing in the context of offensive neorealist positioning. Volume 2 presents Focus 2, which is based on the preceding focus in making a structured, focussed comparison in the context of defensive neorealist positioning. The Appendix volume contains further discussion of Chapter 1, Volume 1 with respect to the state of research, literature and sources, theoretical positioning and the choice of the region of study and selected European NATO partners. Furthermore, a historical chapter provides underlying information for process-tracing in Chapter 2, Volume 1, an index of images and abbreviations, and a bibliography.
The entire dissertation uses qualitative methods to focus on these two mutually supporting, building on each other, themes to investigate the following from a US-perspective: firstly the overriding US security-policy reaction to a new overall threat and secondly, its continuation combined with the opportunity of for enabling and legitimising it within and through NATO during the studied period from Clinton to Obama.
Based on the first part of this hypothesis, Focus 1 (Volume 1) establishes a connection between, on the one hand, maintaining the bipolar Grand Strategy target of consolidating the USA as a leading, regulating power, bipolar foreign-policy Grand Strategy indicators and a new overall threat that is developing in a complex way, and, on the other, the necessity of its continued leadership within NATO and the required NATO transformation according to US-proposed NATO transformation positions.
Focus 2 (Volume 2) is based on the second part of the hypothesis, investigating the transatlantic negotiation process to establish these US-proposed NATO transformation positions: in this context, Volume 2 investigates whether the attempt to actually secure and consolidate such US supremacy was unsuccessful in the face of resistance from selected European NATO partners, namely France, Germany and the United Kingdom.
The overall result shows that due to a complex, developing, linear increase in the overall threat, the chance for the USA to consolidate its status as a leading power is steadily diminishing. This must be compensated by adapting US security policy. The resulting American security-policy realignment based on the initiated “revolution in military affairs” in turn modifies the indicators of bipolar collective security guarantees. Everything is enabled and legitimised by means of actually securing US NATO-transformation positions. The actual implementation of such NATO transformation – representing the consistent adaptation of US security policy – enables a mission-orientated, rapid response, flexible, global security projection. It also creates conditions for “alliances of choice” within NATO. Furthermore, the modification of a “bipolar NATO” exacerbates the erosion of key achievements of civilisation as a result of adapted US security policy, as well as undermining the tasks of bipolar collective security guarantees through diminished benefits to European NATO partners.
The actual anchoring of NATO transformation positions is achieved by reactivating the conventional threat in the context of the Ukraine crisis of 2014 and the extension of NATO partnership rings on a global level, without providing them with NATO membership status, thus avoiding globalisation in a mutual defence case. The German and French resistance is particularly intensive through the involvement of European founder states, while the formation of a European leadership triumvirate consisting of France, Germany and the United Kingdom does not take place.
Moreover, a relevant investigation of causes particularly shows that despite constant mutually supporting US security reaction measures with varying international effects and actual continued leadership within NATO, the overall threat is not receding: this leads to a constant increase in the overall threat, a loss of influence of state actors, the diffusion and concentration of power and the increased probability of reactive conventional, nuclear, cyber and ecological destruction scenarios. On this basis, the consequence is an increasingly comprehensive and rapidly responding precision defence combined with growing securitization to compensate for the ongoing containment of US supremacy. This developing process steadily diminishes the reach and power of a liberal, rule-based, bipolar “American system” and the establishment of “idealistic, liberal” elements of US-Grand Strategy. This entails a further reduction in benefits for European NATO allies and increasing US cost-cutting demands – based on the successive NATO transformation positions that build on each other and Obama’s “smart power”(6) during the period studied in this dissertation. Thus the chance is receding of developing the post-bipolar, globally adopted American way of life with individual national character, which is regarded as “non-negotiable”: for instance its articulation is expressed through increasing right-wing populism, the election of outsider-candidates, the dissolution of traditional party systems, isolationist tendencies combined with burgeoning ethnic, regional movements, the rejection of supranationalism, and religious fundamentalism. At the same time, the ongoing erosion of global public goods is apparent.
This all paves the way to limiting the benevolent American regulating power and state actors’ leverage – and therefore to a return to classic power politics in the context of a resulting diffusion and concentration of power. In view of the urgency of a long-term containment of asymmetrical or conventional threats to security, or aspects that exacerbate such threats or clusters thereof, as well as underlying global conditions, this undermines the ability to achieve the following: to achieve transatlantic cooperation by broadening the range of levels and actors in the spirit of proactive and expanded, networked security to achieve according global cooperation with respect to containing the root causes of threats.
Overall, this research work reveals how and why the anticipated “peace dividend” and the notion of an “age of hope”, as postulated by President Clinton, were hardly perceptible during the period of study between 1993 and 2017.
Notes
(1) Cf. Braml, Josef (2018), Trumps transaktionaler Transatlantizismus, in: Jäger, Thomas (Hrsg.), Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, Oktober 2018, Volume 11, Ausgabe 4, S. 439-448, Wiesbaden.
(2) Cf. National Intelligence Council (Ed.) (2012), Global Trends 2013: Alternative Worlds (NIC 2012-001), https://publicintelligence.net/global-trends-2030/, last accessed: 12.04.19. See also the “international financial leadership, self-selected at Davos” cit. McCoy, Alfred W. (2017), In the Shadows of the American Century. The Rise and Decline of US Global Power, Chicago.
(3) In 1990, the threat-enhancing nature of climate change was already postulated with respect to asymmetric objects of threat as well as conventional and complex clusters: “Over the next half century, the global average temperature may increase by approximately 4 degrees C. (…) All nations will be affected. (…) How much time will there be to confirm the amount of change and then to act? (…) However, many believe that we will have waited too long to avoid major dislocation, hardship and conflict – on a scale not as yet seen by man“. Cf. Kelley, Terry P. (1990), Global Climate Change. Implications For The United States Navy (The United States Naval War College, Newport, RI), http://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/weather/climatechange/globalclimatechange-navy.pdf, last accessed: 30.03.19. Cf. Mazo, Jeffrey (2010), Climate Conflict. How global warming threatens security and what to do about it, London, Abingdon.
This supports the thesis of a developing, constant overall threat during the period between 1993 and 2017.
(4) Cf. Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (1973), The Imperial Presidency, Boston.
(5) In this dissertation, the proposed US positions on NATO adaptation, the NATO Response Force and the Global Partnership Initiative are described as “NATO transformation positions”: Their actual establishment was connected to a NATO transformation with the consistent continuation of adapted US security policy.
(6) Cf. Nossel, Suzanne (2004), Smart Power. Reclaiming Liberal Internationalism, http://www.democracyarsenal.org/SmartPowerFA.pdf, last accessed: 26.08.17, Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2011), The Future of Power, New York, Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2011), Macht im 21sten Jahrhundert. Politische Strategien für ein neues Zeitalter, München, Rodham Clinton, Hillary (2010), Leading Through Civilan Power. Redefining American Diplomacy and Development, in: Foreign Affairs, November/December 2010, Vol. 89, No.6, S. 13-24.
Der Begriff Gebrauchsgrafik ist im Wesentlichen ein Sammelbegriff für jene grafischen Arbeiten, die, im Gegensatz zur freien Grafik Anteil haben an der bewussten künstlerischen Durchformung und Gestaltung praktischer Aufgaben. Hauptbetätigungsfeld der Gebrauchsgrafik als zweckgebundene künstlerische Äußerungsform ist um 1900 die Reklame in Form von Plakaten, Anzeigen, Verpackungen, Firmensignets sowie Akzidenzen. Sie alle brachten den vielseitigen Formenschatz des Jugendstils einem breiten Publikum näher. Die Gebrauchsgrafik als neues Medium um 1900 steht im engen Zusammenhang mit dem technischen Fortschritt der industriellen Revolution: Angesichts zunehmender Konkurrenz durch die Massenproduktion von Konsumgütern versprach künstlerisch ansprechende Werbung Wettbewerbsvorteile. Dank der Erfindung der Lithografie um 1799 war die Gebrauchsgrafik allseitig verfügbar und gut finanzierbar. Sie passte in das Konzept des Jugendstils als Medium, das alle Bereiche mitgestaltet. Sie fungierte als Schnittstelle zwischen Wirtschaft, Kunst und Kultur. Exemplarisch werden drei unterschiedliche, für die Region bis heute bedeutende Branchen untersucht: der Tourismus, der Weinbau und die Industrie. Zudem werden Pfälzer Künstler des Jugendstils vorgestellt, die sich auf dem Gebiet der Gebrauchsgrafik betätigten. So lässt sich in der Pfalz eine repräsentative Anzahl gebrauchsgrafischer Arbeiten des Jugendstils in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung nachweisen. Als entlegene bayrische Provinz nahm sie die Strömungen der Zeit wahr und setzte sie auf ihre Weise um. Ein eigenständiger Pfälzer Jugendstil entwickelte sich aber nicht.
Beim Zugang zur dualen Berufsausbildung haben Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Migrationshintergrund schlechtere Chancen in eine betriebliche Berufsausbildung einzumünden. Vermehrt wird ein Forschungsbedarf thematisiert, der den Blick darauf richtet, wie die entsprechenden Auswahlentscheidungen in den Betrieben getroffen werden. Die Dissertation setzt an dieser Frage an und befasst sich mittels eines biographischen Zugangs mit den Personalentscheiderinnen und Personalentscheidern, den sogenannten Gatekeepern, in den Betrieben. Im Erkenntnisinteresse steht die Frage, ob und wie biographische Erfahrungen Bedeutung für Auswahlentscheidungen zugunsten zugewanderter junger Menschen haben.
With the increasing importance and urgency of climate change, companies are challenged to contribute to sustainable development, especially by younger generations. However, existing corporate contributions have been criticized as insufficient, which could be particularly caused by a lack of employee engagement in corporate sustainability. In this context, gamification has been proposed and increasingly investigated in recent years as a promising, innovative tool to motivate sustainable employee behaviors in the workplace. However, there are few studies and applicable gamification solutions that address more than one specific sustainability issue and thus take a holistic perspective on sustainable behaviors in the workplace. Moreover, previous research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how different gamification elements elicit specific psychological effects, how these manifest in behavioral changes, and how these, in turn, cumulatively result in measurable corporate outcomes. The path from gamification as ”input” to corporate sustainability as ”output” thus remains unexplored.
This dissertation fills this gap by conceptualizing, designing, and evaluating a holistic gamified intervention that supports employees in various sustainable behaviors in their daily activities. The project uses a design science research approach that closely involves employees in the incremental development of the solution. As part of the iterative design process, this dissertation presents six studies to extend the theoretical understanding of gamification for sustainable employee behaviors. First, a comprehensive review of existing research on gamification for sustainable employee behavior is provided, analyzing gamification designs and results of previous studies and outlining an agenda for further research (Study 1). Theoretical foundations of research on gamification, serious games, and game-based learning (Study 2) and empirical design principles for gamification and persuasive systems (Study 3) are then systematically reviewed as a basis for the successful design of gamified applications. Subsequently, empirical studies explore employees’ motivations for sustainable behavior and illuminate their expectations for design features (Study 4), and identify contextual challenges and design dilemmas when implementing gamification in an organizational context (Study 5). Finally, a quantitative field study (Study 6) explores how different gamification designs influence sustainable employee behavior and corporate sustainability in organizations. Based on the findings, this dissertation presents a comprehensive framework of gamification for sustainable employee behavior that incorporates design, individual behavior, and organizational perspectives. Finally, building on these insights, it provides practical recommendations for designing gamification to encourage sustainable employee behavior at work.
This thesis presents the analysis of gamebased touristic applications. In tourism, actions can only be motivated intrinsic. Thus, this thesis at first researches specific intrinsic motivation concepts. It shows how gamebased motivation can be produced on purpose and answers the question whether gamebased motivation can be transferred to non-gamebased applications.
Using these results, different touristic applications have been developed and evaluated.
All applications aimed to add value to the touristic experience. The applications are sorted by their mobility. There are completely mobile, completely stationary and hybrid systems in this work. There are different ways to add value which are presented in this work: Gamebased exploration, knowledge transfer and social interaction between tourists.
Finally, an authoring tool for gamebased touristic tours on smartphones is presented.
Diese Arbeit betrachtet das Thema Führung und Gesundheit und hat hierzu verschiedene Erkenntnisse der Literatur zusammengefasst, um diese von Führungskräften aus Wirtschaft und Polizei sowie von Personal- und Organisationsentwicklern bewerten zu lassen. Das Ziel war hierbei herauszufinden, ob die Führungskräfte und die Personal- und Organisationsentwickler das Thema als wichtig erachten, welche Hauptursachen sie für Fehlzeiten sehen und wie sie verschiedene Erkenntnisse der Literatur zum Gesundheitsmanagement einschätzen. Zusätzlich sollten sie bewerten, welche Maßnahmen sie als geeignet betrachten und welche Ressourcen notwendig sind, um die Mitarbeiter bei der Gesunderhaltung zu unterstützen. Schließlich sollten die Führungskräfte und die Personal- und Organisationsentwickler beurteilen, welcher Führungsstil als gesundheitsförderlich angesehen wird. Die Wirtschafts- und Polizeiführungskräfte sowie die Personal- und Organisationsentwickler erachten das Thema Gesundheit als wichtig und sehen es nicht nur als Modetrend an. Ihre Einschätzungen zu geeigneten Maßnahmen, die die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter verbessern können, entsprechen überwiegend den aus der Literatur abgeleiteten Vorschlägen zur gesundheitsgerechten Führung. Die weitgehende Übereinstimmung der Sichtweisen in Forschung und Praxis legt nahe, dass die Erkenntnisse der Literatur zum Gesundheitsmanagement vermutlich von Praktikern als plausibel wahrgenommen werden.
Die Entwicklung von naturwissenschaftlichen Konzepten und Bildungssprache beginnt schon vor dem Schuleintritt und bildungssprachliche und naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen werden als wichtige Faktoren für Schulerfolg angesehen (Ehlich, Bredel & Reich, 2008; Saçkes, Trundle & Bell, 2013). Die frühe Förderung dieser Kompetenzen ist deshalb sinnvoll.
Lernumgebungen, die naturwissenschaftliche Konzepte fördern (Hardy, Möller & Stern, 2006; Leuchter, Saalbach & Hardy, 2014), zeichnen sich ebenso wie Lernumgebungen, die Bildungssprache fördern (Gibbons, 2006; Quehl & Trapp, 2013), dadurch aus, dass sie zum Sammeln eigener Erfahrungen (z.B. beim Experimentieren) und zum Versprachlichen und Begründen eigener Gedanken anregen (z.B. in Planungs- und Reflexionsphasen). Die zur Förderung von Bildungssprache erforderliche sprachliche Komplexität wird besonders in Gesprächen herausgefordert, die außerhalb der Experimentiersituation, d.h. kontext-reduziert, stattfinden (Gibbons, 2006; Quehl & Trapp, 2013). Bisherige Forschung untersucht allerdings entweder sprachliche oder konzeptuelle Fortschritte und dies überwiegend im schulischen Kontext. Eine gemeinsame Betrachtung beider Bereiche bei Vorschulkindern fehlt bisher. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage der Arbeit lautet daher: „Welche Effekte haben kontext-reduzierte Gespräche auf Vorstellungen von Vorschulkindern zu zweiseitigen Hebeln und deren bildungssprachliche Lexik und Grammatik?“
Die Effekte kontext-reduzierter Gespräche wurden in einem quasi-experimentellen Design (N = 90) mit drei Gruppen untersucht. Alle Gruppen nahmen an Experimentierphasen zu zweiseitigen Hebeln teil. Zwei Gruppen erhielten außerdem Planungs- und Reflexionsphasen mit verbalen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen. In der kontext-reduzierten Bedingung fanden die Planungs- und Reflexionsgespräche in raum-zeitlicher Trennung zum Experimentiermaterial statt, in der kontextualisierten Bedingung stand den Kindern das Material auch während der Planungs- und Reflexionsphasen zur Verfügung.
Zwischen kontext-reduzierten und kontextualisierten Gesprächen konnten weder signifikante Unterschiede im naturwissenschaftlichen Konzept noch in den bildungssprachlichen Kompetenzen gefunden werden. Ein signifikanter Fördereffekt von Planungs- und Reflexionsgesprächen gegenüber der reinen Experimentierphase ohne Gespräche zeigt sich für konzeptuelle Vorstellungen zu zweiseitigen Hebeln, jedoch nicht für bildungssprachliche Lexik und Grammatik. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich aus dem theoretischen Hintergrund nur bedingt erklären und geben Anlass für weitere Forschung.
Fungicide effects on the structure and functioning of leaf-associated aquatic fungal communities
(2022)
Aquatic hyphomycetes are a polyphyletic group of saprotrophic fungi growing abundantly on submerged leaf litter. In stream ecosystems shaped by allochthonous leaf litter inputs, they play a central functional role as decomposers and food source for other organisms. Fungicides pose a threat to aquatic hyphomycetes and their functions, since these substances are inherently toxic to fungi and contaminate surface waters around the world due to their widespread use in agricultural and urban landscapes. While fungicides’ potential to reduce fungal diversity are discerned, the extent of impacts on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (B EF) remains unclear. This is partly attributed to methodological constraints in the detection and quantification of single aquatic hyphomycete species within microbial leaf-associated communities. The primary aim of this thesis was, therefore, (1) to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of fungicides on B-EF relationships in aquatic hyphomycete communities. To facilitate this, subordinate aims were to (2) develop DNA-based biomolecular tools (i.e., qPCR assays) to detect and to quantify the biomass of different aquatic hyphomycete species in mixed cultures and (3) to investigate the mechanisms underlying B-EF relationships in the absence of chemical stressors.
In the course of this thesis, qPCR assays were developed for detection and species-specific biomass quantification of ten common aquatic hyphomycete species and successfully validated for application in eco( toxico )logical microcosm experiments. Via a systematic manipulation of fungal diversity, these assays allow the examination of B-EF relationships by assessments of deviations between observed and (monoculture-based) predicted activities in fungal mixed cultures. Taking advantage of these tools in a microcosm experiment, it was uncovered that leaf decomposition results from the additive activity of community members, even though functionally distinct species were present. Colonization dynamics are characterized by complex interactions. Colonization success of aquatic hyphomycetes is higher if co-occurring species are genetically and functionally distinct (i.e., complementary interactions). However, the co-occurrence of aquatic hyphomycete species does not necessarily result in a greater colonization success compared to monocultures, unless bacteria are present. Accordingly, the presence of other microbial groups such as bacteria may induce new fungal diversity-based feedback loops, which ultimately enable coexistence of aquatic hyphomycete species in the environment. Exposure to fungicides revealed substantial differences in sensitivities among aquatic hyphomycetes. The most productive species were able to cope with extremely high fungicide concentrations up to the mg/L-range. In assemblages containing these species, leaf decomposition was maintained under fungicide exposure. Yet, already at environmentally relevant fungicide concentrations, tolerant species displaced more sensitive ones, potentially affecting leaves’ nutritional quality for consumers. This thesis thus indicates that fungicide exposure poses a risk to stream food webs rather than the microbial leaf decomposition process per se.
Die Basis für die Untersuchung bilden die theoretischen Erkenntnisse zur Transition und zum Fremdsprachenunterricht. In der Studie wurden saarländische Grundschullehrer und Gymnasiallehrer zu für den Fremdsprachenunterricht relevanten Aspekten befragt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Konsequenzen für die Bildungspolitik und die Unterrichtspraxis abgeleitet.
Formen des Zugangs in der Jugendhilfe – zur Gestaltung von Zugängen zum System der Hilfen zur Erziehung Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen in unterschiedlichen familiären Beziehungen und Lebenslagen stehen in Deutschland bei Bedarf und auf Wunsch öffentliche Hilfeleistungen rund um das Thema Erziehung zur Verfügung. Repräsentiert wird dieses Angebot als Rechtsanspruch öffentlicher Hilfe in der Regel durch die örtlichen Jugendämter. In Folge der Einführung des Sozialgesetzbuches VIII (Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz, jetzt: Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetzt/KJSG) befassten sich wiederholt wissenschaftliche Erhebungen mit dem Nutzen und den Wirkungen der in den Hilfen zur Erziehung vorhandenen Angebote aus Sicht der Adressatinnen und Adressaten, also den Kindern, Jugendlichen und Eltern. Dem Rechtsanspruch mit dem Angebot auf die Hilfen zur Erziehung auf der einen Seite, stehen die Adressatinnen und Adressaten dieser Hilfen auf der anderen zunächst gegenüber. Im Fokus der damit einhergehenden Adressaten- und Adressatinnenforschung steht die Frage, wie Adressatinnen und Adressaten den Zugang zu diesen Hilfen in ihrem Alltagsleben erhalten und ggf. integrieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, wie sich aus Sicht von Eltern mit Jugendhilfeerfahrung dieser Zugang gestaltet, wie sie ihre diesbezüglichen Erfahrungen einordnen und bewerten. Um sich die Lebenswelten und Sinnhorizonte der Eltern zu erschließen, erfolgte die Datenerhebung durch transkribierte narrative Interviews. Diese wurden mittels qualitativ inhaltsanalytischer Verfahren strukturiert und sequenziert untersucht, um relevante Kodes, Konzepte und Kategorien aus den Erzählungen herauszuarbeiten. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass es den einen Zugang nicht gibt, im Weiteren auch kein einfaches Setting zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage vorliegt. Vielmehr zeigen sich unterschiedliche Zugangsformen und individuelle Faktoren, die einen Zugang begünstigen oder behindern können. Zentral sind hier vor allem die Wirkung Anderer in der Biografie der Eltern, gleich ob aus Familie oder auf Seiten der Fachkräfte sowie deren Haltungen und das Vorhandensein von Ressourcen wie z.B. Wissen. Für die Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit bedeutet dies, sich den zunächst fremden Lebenswelten
der Adressatinnen und Adressaten verstehend zu nähern und nicht außer Acht zu lassen, dass diese ihnen mit ihren Bildern, Ideen, Wünschen und Lebenserfahrungen gegenüber treten, welche wahrgenommen und verstanden werden wollen.
Ralf Schauf
Flowering habitats to enhance biodiversity and pest control services in agricultural landscapes
(2015)
Meeting growing demands for agricultural products requires management solutions that enhance food production, whilst minimizing negative environmental impacts. Conventional agricultural intensification jeopardizes farmland biodiversity and associated ecosystem services through excessive anthropogenic inputs and landscape simplification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are commonly implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional intensification on biodiversity. However the moderate success of such schemes thus far would strongly benefit from more explicit goals regarding ecosystem service provisioning. Providing key resources to beneficial organisms may improve their abundance, fitness, diversity and the ecosystem services they provide. With targeted habitat management, AES may synergistically enhance biodiversity and agricultural production and thus contribute to ecological intensification. We demonstrate that sown perennial wildflower strips, as implemented in current AES focusing on biodiversity conservation also benefit biological pest control in nearby crops (Chapter 2).
Comparing winter wheat fields adjacent to wildflower strips with fields without wildflower strips we found strongly reduced cereal leaf beetle (Oulema sp.) density and plant damage near wildflower strips. In addition, winter wheat yield was 10 % higher when fields adjoined wildflower strips. This confirms previous assumptions that wildflower strips, known for positive effects on farmland biodiversity, can also enhance ecosystem services such as pest control and the positive correlation of yield with flower abundance and diversity suggests that floral resources are key. Refining sown flower strips for enhanced service provision requires mechanistic understanding of how organisms benefit from floral resources. In climate chamber experiments investigating the impact of single and multiple flowering plant species on fitness components of three key arthropod natural enemies of aphids, we demonstrate that different natural enemies benefit differently from the offered resources (Chapter 3).
Some flower species were hereby more valuable to natural enemies than others overall. Additionally, the mixture with all flowers generally performed better than monocultures, yet with no transgressive overyielding. By explicitly tailoring flower strips to the requirements of key natural enemies of crop pests we aimed to maximise natural enemy mediated pest control in winter wheat (Chapter 4)and potato (Chapter 5) crops.
Respecting the manifold requirements of diverse natural enemies but not pests, in terms of temporal and spatial provisioning of floral, extra floral and structural resources, we designed targeted annual flower strips that can be included in crop rotation to support key arthropods at the place and time they are needed. Indeed, field experiments revealed that cereal leaf beetle density and plant damage in winter wheat can be reduced by 40 % to 61 % and aphid densities in potatoes even by 77 %, if a targeted flower strip is sown into the field. These effects were not restricted to the vicinity of flower strips and, in contrast to fields without flower strip, often prevented action thresholds from being reached. This suggests that targeted flower strips could replace insecticides. All adult natural enemies were enhanced inside targeted flower strips when compared to control strips. Yet, spillover to the field was restricted to key natural enemies such as ground beetles (winter wheat), hoverflies (potato) and lacewings (winter wheat and potato), suggesting their dominant role in biological control. In potatoes, targeted flower strips also enhanced hoverfly species richness in strips and crop, highlighting their additional benefits for diversity.
The present results provide more insights into the mechanisms underlying conservation biological control and highlight the potential of tailored habitat management for ecological intensification.
The European landscape is dominated by intensive agriculture which leads to widespread impact on the environment. The frequent use of agricultural pesticides is one of the major causes of an ongoing decline in flower-visiting insects (FVIs). The conservation of this ecologically diverse assemblage of mobile, flying insect species is required by international and European policy. To counteract the decrease in species numbers and their abundances, FVIs need to be protected from anthropogenic stressors. European pesticide risk assessment was devised to prevent unacceptable adverse consequences of pesticide use on FVIs. However, there is an ongoing discussion by scientists and policy-makers if the current risk assessment actually provides adequate protection for FVI species.
The first main objective of this thesis was to investigate pesticide impact on FVI species. The scientific literature was reviewed to identify groups of FVIs, summarize their ecology, and determine their habitat. This was followed by a synthesis of studies about the exposure of FVIs in their habitat and subsequent effects. In addition, the acute sensitivity of one FVI group, bee species, to pesticides was studied in laboratory experiments.
The second main objective was to evaluate the European risk assessment for possible deficits and propose improvements to the current framework. Regulatory documents were screened to assess the adequacy of the guidance in place in light of the scientific evidence. The suitability of the honey bee Apis mellifera as the currently only regulatory surrogate species for FVIs was discussed in detail.
The available scientific data show that there are far more groups of FVIs than the usually mentioned bees and butterflies. FVIs include many groups of ecologically different species that live in the entire agricultural landscape. Their habitats in crops and adjacent semi-natural areas can be contaminated by pesticides through multiple pathways. Environmentally realistic exposure of these habitats can lead to severe effects on FVI population parameters. The laboratory studies of acute sensitivity in bee species showed that pesticide effects on FVIs can vary greatly between species and pesticides.
The follow-up critical evaluation of the European FVI risk assessment revealed major shortcomings in exposure and effect assessment. The honey bee proved to be a sufficient surrogate for bee species in lower tier risk assessment. Additional test species may be chosen for higher tier risk assessment to account for ecological differences. This thesis shows that the ecology of FVIs should generally be considered to a greater extent to improve the regulatory process. Data-driven computational approaches could be used as alternative methods to incorporate ecological trait data in spatio-temporal scenarios. Many open questions need to be answered by further research to better understand FVI species and promote necessary changes to risk assessment. In general, other FVI groups than bees need to be investigated. Furthermore, comprehensive data on FVI groups and their ecology need to be collected. Contamination of FVI habitat needs to be linked to exposure of FVI individuals and ecologically complex effects on FVI populations should receive increased attention. In the long term, European FVI risk assessment would benefit from shifting its general principles towards more scientifically informed regulatory decisions. This would require a paradigm shift from arbitrary assumptions and unnecessarily complicated schemes to a substantiated holistic framework.
Manmade dams have been constructed from centuries for multiple purposes, and in the past decades they have been constructed in a fast pace, with the hotspot in tropical and subtropical regions. However, studies that explore hydrodynamics in these areas are scarce and biased to the rich literature available for temperate regions. Lakes and reservoirs have the same controlling mechanisms for physical processes and primary production, hence, analyses that were initially conceptualized for lakes are frequently applied for reservoirs. Nevertheless, longitudinal gradients in reservoirs challenges the application of these approaches.
Degradation of water quality in reservoirs is a major concern, and it is expected to be aggravated with climate change. Therefore, studies that explore mechanisms controlling water quality are essential for the maintenance of these systems, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this thesis is to comprehend the role of hydrodynamic processes in the fate of nutrients in reservoirs and its implications on water quality, in a subtropical region. With focus on the relevance of different density current patterns. For that, analyses combining field measurements and numerical simulations were performed in a medium to small size subtropical drinking water reservoir for a complete seasonal cycle. Measurements were conducted combining several approaches: traditional sampling, sensors in high temporal and spatial resolution, and remote sensing. Besides, hydrodynamic models were set up and calibrated to reproduce observations, and to simulate scenarios that assisted on the analysis.
Results showed that different flow paths of density currents did not influence on phytoplankton dynamics. At the regions where the main nutrient supply was the river inflow (upstream), the density currents did not vary, the euphotic zone usually covered the entire depth, and vertical mixing was observed on a daily basis, turning the flow path of the density currents irrelevant. At downstream regions, the remobilization of nutrients in the sediment was the main source for primary production. Even though density currents had a seasonal pattern in the downstream region, thermal stratification conditions were the driver for variations in chlorophyll-a concentrations, with peaks after vertical mixing. This mechanism had in its favor the frequent anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion that enhanced the dissolution of reactive phosphorus from the sediment. Anoxic conditions were easily reached because the sediment in the downstream area was rich in organic matter. Phytoplankton produced in the upstream area was transported by the density currents, and for this reason, large concentrations of chl-a was observed below the euphotic zone. Further, the extensive measurements of temperature, and flow velocities, together with the hydrodynamic models, provided insights about the hydrodynamics of reservoirs. For instance, that the relevant processes occurred along the longitudinal, and mixing conditions varied along it. The relevance of inflow conditions regarding the presence of structures such as forebays and pre-dams, and the degree of stream shading in the catchment was assessed. And turbulence and internal waves had different features than the documented for high latitudes. Those findings can assist on the management of reservoirs, based on the comprehension of the physical processes.
Fate and effects of insecticides in vegetated agricultural drainage ditches and constructed wetlands
(2006)
Studies have shown that runoff and spray-drift are important sources of nonpoint-source pesticide pollution of surface waters. Owing to this, public concern over the presence of pesticides in surface and ground water has resulted in intensive scientific efforts to find economical, yet environmentally sound solutions to the problem. The primary objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of vegetated aquatic systems in providing buffering between natural aquatic ecosystems and agricultural landscape following insecticide associated runoff and spray-drift events. The first set of studies were implemented using vegetated agricultural ditches, one in Mississippi, USA, using pyrethroids (bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) under simulated runoff conditions and the other in the Western Cape, South Africa using the organophosphate insecticide, azinphos-methyl (AZP), under natural runoff and spray-drift conditions. The second set of studies were implemented using constructed wetlands, one in the Western Cape using AZP under natural spray-drift conditions and the other in Mississippi, USA using the organophosphate MeP under simulated runoff conditions. Results from the Mississippi-ditch study indicated that ditch lengths of less than 300 m would be sufficient to mitigate bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. In addition, data from mass balance calculations determined that the ditch plants were the major sink (generally > 90%) and/or sorption site for the rapid dissipation of the above pyrethroids from the water column. Similarly, results from the ditch study in South Africa showed that a 180 m vegetated system was effective in mitigating AZP after natural spray drift and low flow runoff events. Analytical results from the first wetland study show that the vegetated wetland was more effective than the non-vegetated wetland in reducing loadings of MeP. Mass balance calculations indicated approximately 90% of MeP mass was associated with the plant compartment. Ninety-six hours after the contamination, a significant negative acute effect of contamination on abundances was found in 8 out of the 15 macroinvertebrate species in both wetland systems. Even with these toxic effects, the overall reaction of macroinvertebrates clearly demonstrated that the impact of MeP in the vegetated wetland was considerably lower than in the non-vegetated wetland. Results from the constructed wetland study in South Africa revealed that concentrations of AZP at the inlet of the 134 m wetland system were reduced by 90% at the outlet. Overall, results from all of the studies in this thesis indicate that the presence of the plant compartment was essential for the effective mitigation of insecticide contamination introduced after both simulated and natural runoff or spray-drift events. Finally, both the vegetated agricultural drainage ditch and vegetated constructed wetland systems studied would be effective in mitigating pesticide loadings introduced from either runoff or spray-drift, in turn lowering or eliminating potential pesticide associated toxic effects in receiving aquatic ecosystems. Data produced in this research provide important information to reduce insecticide risk in exposure assessment scenarios. It should be noted that incorporating these types of best management practices (BMPs) will decrease the risk of acute toxicity, but chronic exposure may still be an apparent overall risk.
Factors triggering the ecotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles towards aquatic invertebrates
(2015)
Nanoparticles are produced and used in huge amounts increasing their probability to end up in surface waters. There, they are subject to environmentally driven modification processes. Consequently, aquatic life may be exposed to different nanoparticle agglomerate sizes, while after sedimentation benthic organisms are more likely to be affected.
However, most ecotoxicity studies with nanoparticles exclusively investigated implications of their characteristics (e.g. size) on pelagic organisms, ignoring environmentally modified nanoparticles. Therefore, a systematic assessment of factors triggering the fate and toxicity of nanoparticles under environmentally relevant conditions is needed. The present thesis, therefore, investigates the implications of nanoparticle related factors (i.e., inherent material-properties and nanoparticle characteristics) as well as environmental conditions towards the pelagic living organism Daphnia magna and the benthic species Gammarus fossarum. In detail, inert titanium dioxide (nTiO2) and ion-releasing silver nanoparticles (nAg), both of varying particle characteristics (e.g. initial size), were tested for their toxicity under different environmental conditions (e.g. ultraviolet-light (UV-light)).
The results indicate that the toxicity of nTiO2 and nAg is mainly determined by: their adsorption potential onto biota, and their fate in terms of reactive oxygen species or Ag+ ion release. Thus, inherent material-properties, nanoparticle characteristics and environmental conditions promoting or inhibiting these aspects revealed significant implications in the toxicity of nTiO2 and nAg towards daphnids.
Furthermore, the presence of ambient UV-light, for example, adversely affected gammarids at 0.20 mg nTiO2/L, while under darkness no effects occurred even at 5.00 mg nTiO2/L. Hence, the currently associated risk of nanoparticles might be underestimated if disregarding their interaction with environmental parameters
Fachdidaktische und pädagogische Kompetenzen angehender Mathematiklehrkräfte für die Realschule
(2019)
Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Ausbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern sind in der Regel fragebogenbasiert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird ein anderer Ansatz gewählt, um die Kompetenzen angehender Mathematiklehrkräfte zu erheben und zu evaluieren. Die Studie untersucht anhand der unterrichtlichen Performanz, welche Kompetenzen Anwärterinnen und Anwärter in ihrer praktischen Ausbildung erworben haben. Der Analyse liegen 137 anonymisierte Niederschriften zu benote-ten Lehrproben von Anwärterinnen und Anwärtern im Fach Mathematik zugrunde. Diese bilden die Ausbildungsjahrgänge von 2004 bis 2011 ab. Die Anwärterinnen und Anwärter werden unterrichtspraktisch anhand der Niederschriften in Anlehnung an eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse auf ihre Kompetenzausprägungen hin getestet. Dies erfolgt schwerpunktmäßig in den Bereichen Fachdidaktik, Fachmethodik, Classroom-Management und Gesprächsführung. Im Verlauf der Untersuchung wird deutlich, dass die Teilneh-mergruppe vor allem Stärken im methodischen Bereich hat. Hier können durchgehend gute Kompetenzausprägungen festgestellt werden. Über den gesamten Erhebungszeitraum zeigen sich hingegen in den Bereichen Classroom-Management und Gesprächsführung deutliche Defizite. Die fachdidaktischen Kompetenzen der angehenden Lehrkräfte entwickeln sich negativ: Ist zu Beginn der Erhebung noch etwa die Hälfte der Anwärterinnen und Anwärter im Bereich der Fachdidaktik zufriedenstellend einzustufen, gilt das im letzten Erhebungsjahrgang nur noch für knapp ein Fünftel der Probandinnen und Probanden. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass eine gute Notenfestsetzung eng mit den er-forderlichen Kompetenzen in der Fachdidaktik zusammenhängt.
Die vorliegende Studie bestätigt im Bereich der Fachdidaktik die Ergebnisse jener Studien, die auf Fragebögen basieren.
Es konnte zudem ein statistischer Zusammenhang zwischen den fachdidaktischen Fähigkeiten und den Steuerungskompetenzen hergestellt werden.
Software is vital for modern society. The efficient development of correct and reliable software is of ever-growing importance. An important technique to achieve this goal is deductive program verification: the construction of logical proofs that programs are correct. In this thesis, we address three important challenges for deductive verification on its way to a wider deployment in the industry: 1. verification of thread-based concurrent programs 2. correctness management of verification systems 3. change management in the verification process. These are consistently brought up by practitioners when applying otherwise mature verification systems. The three challenges correspond to the three parts of this thesis (not counting the introductory first part, providing technical background on the KeY verification approach). In the first part, we define a novel program logic for specifying correctness properties of object-oriented programs with unbounded thread-based concurrency. We also present a calculus for the above logic, which allows verifying actual Java programs. The calculus is based on symbolic execution resulting in its good understandability for the user. We describe the implementation of the calculus in the KeY verification system and present a case study. In the second part, we provide a first systematic survey and appraisal of factors involved in reliability of formal reasoning. We elucidate the potential and limitations of self-application of formal methods in this area and give recommendations based on our experience in design and operation of verification systems. In the third part, we show how the technique of similarity-based proof reuse can be applied to the problems of industrial verification life cycle. We address issues (e.g., coping with changes in the proof system) that are important in verification practice, but have been neglected by research so far.
Exposition in der Versorgungspraxis: Zur Frage der Umsetzbarkeit und Prädiktion früher Veränderungen
(2018)
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Beantwortung folgender Fragestellungen: 1. Wie wirksam ist ein evidenzbasiertes Expositionsmanuals bei Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie in der Routineversorgung? 2. Was sind mögliche Barrieren und Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung der Exposition? 3. Was sind Prädiktoren früher Veränderungen im Therapieverlauf?
Methode: Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden die Daten der vorliegenden Studie mit denen der Multicenter-Studie von Gloster et al. (2011) mittels Effektstärken und Testung auf Äquivalenz verglichen. Grundlage war das Manual von Lang, Helbig-Lang, Westphal, Gloster und Wittchen (2011). Die Patientinnen und Patienten und Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten wurden zu den Hausaufgaben, der Umsetzung im Alltag und der therapeutischen Beziehung befragt. Zusätzlich wurde die wechselseitige Beeinflussung von therapeutischer Allianz und dem Behandlungserfolg im Therapieverlauf untersucht. In Anlehnung an Westra, Marcus und Dozois (2007) wurde getestet, ob bei es Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer hohen Hausaufgaben-Compliance und einer positiven Behandlungserwartung vor Beginn der Therapie zu einer frühen Reduktion der Panik-Symptomatik kommt und ob frühe Veränderungen durch die Compliance und die Behandlungserwartung beeinflusst werden.
Ergebnisse: 1. Die Behandlung war in der Versorgungspraxis nicht weniger effektiv als in der Multicenter-Studie. 2. Die Abbrecherquote lag bei 20.59%. Die meisten Behandelten gaben an, ihre Hausaufgaben wie besprochen erledigt zu haben und schätzten sie nicht übermäßig schwer ein. Die Umsetzbarkeit der Anforderungen im Alltag wurde von den Patientinnen und Patienten sehr hoch eingeschätzt. Die meisten Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten stimmten der Aussage, die Umsetzung der massierten Exposition sei im therapeutischen Alltag nicht praktikabel eher nicht oder gar nicht zu. Je negativer die Einschätzungen der therapeutischen Beziehung durch die Behandelten war, umso höher waren die Panikwerte am Ende der Therapie. Der HAQ-S korrelierte mit dem Outcome zu r = .21, der HAQ-F zu r = .37. 3. Die beiden Mediator-Hypothesen von Westra et al. (2007) konnten nicht bestätigt werden.
Diskussion: Die Behandlung ist in der Routineversorgung wirksam und praktikabel. Die Hausaufgaben scheinen frühe Veränderungen nicht zu prädizieren. In späteren Arbeiten des Forschungsprojektes wird notwendig sein, zudem die differentielle Wirksamkeit des angepassten Manuals zu untersuchen, und zwar mittels drei aktiver Vergleichsgruppen: massierte Exposition versus prolongierte Exposition versus die Kombination beider.
The availability of digital cameras and the possibility to take photos at no cost lead to an increasing amount of digital photos online and on private computers. The pure amount of data makes approaches that support users in the administration of the photo necessary. As the automatic understanding of photo content is still an unsolved task, metadata is needed for supporting administrative tasks like search or photo work such as the generation of photo books. Meta-information textually describes the depicted scene or consists of information on how good or interesting a photo is.
In this thesis, an approach for creating meta-information without additional effort for the user is investigated. Eye tracking data is used to measure the human visual attention. This attention is analyzed with the objective of information creation in the form of metadata. The gaze paths of users working with photos are recorded, for example, while they are searching for photos or while they are just viewing photo collections.
Eye tracking hardware is developing fast within the last years. Because of falling prices for sensor hardware such as cameras and more competition on the eye tracker market, the prices are falling, and the usability is increasing. It can be assumed that eye tracking technology can soon be used in everyday devices such as laptops or mobile phones. The exploitation of data, recorded in the background while the user is performing daily tasks with photos, has great potential to generate information without additional effort for the users.
The first part of this work deals with the labeling of image region by means of gaze data for describing the depicted scenes in detail. Labeling takes place by assigning object names to specific photo regions. In total, three experiments were conducted for investigating the quality of these assignments in different contexts. In the first experiment, users decided whether a given object can be seen on a photo by pressing a button. In the second study, participants searched for specific photos in an image search application. In the third experiment, gaze data was collected from users playing a game with the task to classify photos regarding given categories. The results of the experiments showed that gaze-based region labeling outperforms baseline approaches in various contexts. In the second part, most important photos in a collection of photos are identified by means of visual attention for the creation of individual photo selections. Users freely viewed photos of a collection without any specific instruction on what to fixate, while their gaze paths were recorded. By comparing gaze-based and baseline photo selections to manually created selections, the worth of eye tracking data in the identification of important photos is shown. In the analysis of the data, the characteristics of gaze data has to be considered, for example, inaccurate and ambiguous data. The aggregation of gaze data, collected from several users, is one suggested approach for dealing with this kind of data.
The results of the performed experiments show the value of gaze data as source of information. It allows to benefit from human abilities where algorithms still have problems to perform satisfyingly.
Science education has been facing important challenges in the recent years: the decline in student’s interest in scientific topics, and moreover, the decrease of students pursuing science beyond their compulsory studies (Bennett, Hogarth, Lubben, 2003). As a result, research has focus on examining different approaches that could attempt to improve the situation. One of these approaches has been the use of context-based problem-solving tasks (Kölbach & Sumfleth, 2011; Bennett, Hogarth, Lubben, 2003). While research into context-based problem-solving tasks suggest that they are very motivating for students, it is still unclear how they influence motivation. Following an experimental pretest-postest design, two studies examined the effects of context-based task characteristics of contextualization, complexity, and transparency, on students’ motivational variables, performance, and metacognitive experiences.
Results from both studies suggest that the task characteristic of contextualization directly influences how students’ interest is triggered and maintained throughout the task. On the other hand, the task characteristics of complexity and transparency had different effects for the other dependent variables of effort, difficulty, and solution correctness.
Moreover, data shows that other motivational variables such as anxiety and success expectancies are strongly influenced by the interaction of the parameters under study. The dissertation concludes that appropriate design and use of context-based task characteristics can benefit students’ learning processes and outcomes.
For a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary processes and for providing reliable prognoses about the future consequences of environmental change, it is essential to reveal the genetic basis underlying adaptive responses. The importance of this goal increases in light of ongoing climate change, which confronts organisms worldwide with new selection pressures and requires rapid evolutionary change to avoid local extinction. Thereby, freshwater ectotherms like daphnids are particularly threatened. Unraveling the genetic basis of local adaptation is complicated by the interplay of forces affecting patterns of genetic divergence among populations. Due to their key position in freshwater communities, cyclic parthenogenetic mode of reproduction and resting propagules (which form biological archives), daphnids are particularly suited for this purpose.
The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of local thermal selection on the Daphnia longispina complex and to reveal the underlying genetic loci. Therefore, I compared genetic differentiation among populations containing Daphnia galeata, Daphnia longispina and their interspecific hybrids across time, space, and species boundaries. I revealed strongly contrasting patterns of genetic differentiation between selectively neutral and functional candidate gene markers, between the two species, and among samples from different lakes, suggesting (together with a correlation with habitat temperatures) local thermal selection acting on candidate gene TRY5F and indicating adaptive introgression. To reveal the candidate genes’ impact on fitness, I performed association analyses among data on genotypes and phenotypic traits of D. galeata clones from seven populations. The tests revealed a general temperature effect as well as inter-population differences in phenotypic traits and imply a possible contribution of the candidate genes to life-history traits. Finally, utilizing a combined population transcriptomic and reverse ecology approach, I introduced a methodology with a wide range of applications in evolutionary biology and revealed that local thermal selection was probably a minor force in shaping sequence and gene expression divergence among four D. galeata populations, but contributed to sequence divergence among two populations. I identified many transcripts possibly under selection or contributing strongly to population divergence, a large amount thereof putatively under local thermal selection, and showed that genetic and gene expression variation is not depleted specifically in temperature-related candidate genes.
In conclusion, I detected signs of local adaptation in the D. longispina complex across space, time, and species barriers. Populations and species remained genetically divergent, although increased gene flow possibly contributed, together with genotypes recruited from the resting egg bank, to the maintenance of standing genetic variation. Further work is required to accurately determine the influence of introgression and the effects of candidate genes on individual fitness. While I found no evidence suggesting a response to intense local thermal selection, the high resilience and adaptive potential regarding environmental change I observed suggest positive future prospects for the populations of the D. longispina complex. However, overall, due to the continuing environmental degradation, daphnids and other aquatic invertebrates remain vulnerable and threatened.
The application of pesticides to agricultural areas can result in transport to adjacent non-target environments. In particular, surface water systems are likely to receive agricultural pesticide input. When pesticides enter aquatic environments, they may pose a substantial threat to the ecological integrity of surface water systems. To minimize the risk to non-target ecosystems the European Union prescribes an ecotoxicological risk assessment within the registration procedure of pesticides, which consists of an effect and an exposure assessment.
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the exposure assessment and the implications to the complete regulatory risk assessment, and is based on four scientific publications. The main part of the thesis focuses on evaluation of the FOCUS modelling approach, which is used in regulatory risk assessment to predict pesticide surface water concentrations. This was done by comparing measured field concentrations (MFC) of agricultural insecticides (n = 466) and fungicides (n = 417) in surface water to respective predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) calculated with FOCUS step 1 to step 4 at two different levels of field relevance. MFCs were extracted from the scientific literature and were measured in field studies conducted primarily in Europe (publications 1 and 3).
In addition, an alternative fugacity-based multimedia mass-balance model, which needs fewer input parameters and less computing effort, was used to calculate PECs for the same insecticide MFC dataset and compared to the FOCUS predictions (publication 3). Furthermore, FOCUS predictions were also conducted for veterinary pharmaceuticals in runoff from an experimental plot study, to assess the FOCUS predictions for a different class of chemicals with a different relevant entry pathway (publication 2).
In publication 4, the FOCUS step-3 approach was used to determine relevant insecticide exposure patterns. These patterns were analysed for different monitoring strategies and the implications for the environmental risk assessment (publication 4).
The outcome of this thesis showed that the FOCUS modelling approach is neither protective nor appropriate in predicting insecticide and fungicide field concentrations. Up to one third of the MFCs were underpredicted by the model calculations, which means that the actual risk might be underestimated. Furthermore, the results show that a higher degree of realism even reduces the protectiveness of model results and that the model predictions are worse for highly hydrophobic and toxic pyrethroids.
In addition, the absence of any relationship between measured and predicted concentrations questions the general model performance quality (publication 1 and 3). Further analyses revealed that deficiencies in protectiveness and predictiveness of the environmental exposure assessment might even be higher than shown in this thesis, because actual short-term peak concentrations are only detectable with an event-related sampling strategy (publication 4). However, it was shown that the PECs of a much simpler modelling approach are much more appropriate for the prediction of insecticide MFC, especially for calculations with a higher field relevance (publication 3). The FOCUS approach also failed to predict concentrations of veterinary pharmaceuticals in runoff water (publication 2). In conclusion, the findings of this thesis showed that there is an urgent need for the improvement of exposure predictions conducted in the environmental risk assessment of pesticides as a group of highly relevant environmental chemicals, to ensure that the increasing use of those chemicals does not lead to further harmful effects in aquatic ecosystems.
Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit euroskeptischen Äußerungen in der Parteienkommunikation und der Medienberichterstattung im Vorfeld der Europawahl 2014. Die Arbeit verwendet ein akteurszentriertes Forschungsdesign, welches eine differenzierte Betrachtung der öffentlichen Debatte europäischer Themen erlaubt. Die Analyse deckt auf, welche nationalen Parteien euroskeptische Positionen vertreten und inwiefern diese Einzug in die mediale Berichterstattung finden. Auch die Positionierung der Medien selbst wird durch die Untersuchung meinungsbezogener Artikel berücksichtigt. Die den Studien zu Grunde liegende Konzeptualisierung des Euroskeptizismus-Begriff umfasst neben globalen und konkreten negativen Bewertungen der EU auch die Zuschreibung von Problemverantwortung als weitere Spielart euroskeptischer Äußerungen. Die Arbeit nimmt weiterhin eine international vergleichende Perspektive ein, um den Einfluss nationaler Kontextfaktoren auf die Verbreitung euroskeptischer Positionen aufzuzeigen.
Die Ergebnisse der Analyse decken zunächst auf, dass das Vorhandensein erstarkender euroskeptischer Oppositionsparteien nicht zwangsläufig zu einer Politisierung der europäischen Debatte führt, da sich die europhilen Mainstream-Parteien verschiedener Strategien zur Vermeidung einer solchen Kontroversen bedienen. Die Analysen ergeben weiterhin, dass europhile Regierungsparteien zwar mehrheitlich vor konkreten negativen Bewertungen der EU zurückschrecken, diese aber in Bezug auf die europäische Finanzkrise vorwiegend als Verursacher von Problemlagen skizzieren. Letztlich verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass die mediale Berichterstattung zu Themen mit EU-Bezug eine starke Synchronizität zwischen Nachrichten- und Meinungsteil aufzeigt. Dies gilt sowohl in Bezug auf die geäußerten Bewertungen zur Europäischen Union als auch hinsichtlich der Darstellung von Verantwortlichkeit.
Die Geometrie unseres Anschauungsraumes – die euklidische Geometrie – ist für einen allgemeinbildenden Mathematikunterricht elementar. Seitens der Mathematiklehrkraft stellt grundsätzlich ihr Fachwissen das Fundament des Unterrichtens dar. Als Teil ihres Professionswissens sollten Mathematiklehrkräfte prinzipiell über ein Fachwissen verfügen, das in Bezug zur akademischen Mathematik den unterrichtlichen Anforderungen der schulischen Mathematik gerecht wird.
Die im Rahmen der Dissertation entwickelte Theorie des metrisch-normalen euklidischen Raumes charakterisiert sich in ihrer perspektivischen Dualität, der mathematischen Stringenz eines axiomatisch-deduktiven Vorgehens auf der einen und der Berücksichtigung der fachdidaktischen Anforderungen an Mathematiklehrkräfte auf der anderen Seite; sie hebt sich darin von bestehenden Theorien ab.
This dissertation deals with the opportunities and restrictions that parties face in an election campaign at the supranational level of the EU. Using communication science concepts of agenda-setting (focus: media) and agenda-building (focus: political parties), the first part of the study is based on the election campaign for the European Parliament (EP) in 2014. It analyses to what extent political parties put the EU on the agenda. Second, it is examined whether parties have used their structural advantage of being able to influence the media agenda at the supranational level during the election campaign in the context of the EP election campaign. Third, it is examined whether parties can gain an advantage for the visibility of their campaigns by rejecting EU integration and the associated conflictual communication. Fourth and final, it will be explored whether agenda-building can influence the rankings of specific policy issues on the media agenda in the European context.
First, the analyses show that a European political focus of election campaign communication can no longer be found only on the part of the small (eurosceptic) parties. Second, parties have a good chance of being present in media coverage if the they pursue a European political focus in their campaign communication. Third, a negative tone in party communication turns out not to be decisive for the parties' visibility in the election campaign. Fourth, a clear positioning on political issues also prepares parties for restrictions of the further development of a European thematic agenda. After a discussion of these results, the paper concludes with an assessment of the analysis limitations and an outlook on further research approaches.
Invasive species often have a significant impact on the biodiversity of ecosystems and the species native to it. One of the worst invaders worldwide is Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of the crayfish plague, an often fatal disease to crayfish species not native to North America. Aphanomyces astaci originates from North America and was introduced to Europe in the midst of the 19th century. Since then, it spread throughout Europe diminishing the European crayfish populations. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the threat that A. astaci still poses to European crayfish species more than 150 years after its introduction to Europe. In the first part of the thesis, crayfish specimens, which are available in the German pet trade, were tested for infections with A. astaci. Around 13% of the tested crayfish were clearly infected with A. astaci. The study demonstrated the potential danger the pet trade poses for biodiversity through the import of alien species and their potential pathogens, in general. In the second part of the thesis, the A. astaci infection prevalence of crayfish species in wild populations in Europe was tested. While the stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium, showed high susceptibility to different haplogroups of A. astaci, the narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, was able to survive infections, even by haplogroup B, which is considered to be highly virulent. In the last part of the thesis, A. astaci was traced back to its original distribution area of North America. While the crayfish plague never had such a devastating effect on crayfish in North America as it had in Europe, the reasons for the success of invasive crayfish within North America are not yet fully understood. It is possible that A. astaci increases the invasion success of some crayfish species. Several populations of the rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus, in the Midwest of North America were confirmed to be infected with A. astaci and a new genotype was identified, possibly indicating that each crayfish host is vector of a unique A. astaci genotype, even in North America. Overall, the present thesis provides evidence that A. astaci is still a major threat to the crayfish species indigenous to Europe. Crayfish mass mortalities still occur in susceptible crayfish species like A. torrentium even 150 years after the first introduction of A. astaci. While there are some indications for increased resistances through processes of co-evolution, the continuous introduction of crayfish species to Europe threatens to cause new outbreaks of the crayfish plague through the parallel introduction of new, highly virulent A. astaci strains.
Von November 2001 bis Dezember 2002 wurden 304 Grundwassermessstellen in Baden-Württemberg je zweimal faunistisch beprobt. Ebenso wurden Wasserproben zur Ermittlung der hydrochemischen Feldparameter entnommen. Dabei wurden 106 Tierarten gefunden, von denen 74 als stygophil oder stygobiont einzustufen sind. Mehr als 20 % der Messstellen waren unbesiedelt. Es wurden im Durchschnitt 2,3 Arten je Messstelle gefunden. Die meisten dieser Arten waren über das gesamte Gebiet verbreitet, nur etwa 20 waren in ihrer Verbreitung regional beschränkt. Vier Arten konnten nicht bestimmt werden und dürfen als bisher unbeschrieben gelten. Bemerkenswert ist der Einzelfund eines Syncariden der Familie Parabathynellidae, bei dem es sich um den Erstnachweis für diese Familie nördlich der Alpen und um eine neue, sehr ursprüngliche Art handelt. Mit zunehmender Tiefe wurde eine Abnahme der Artenzahl, Abundanz, Diversität und Besiedlungsfrequenz festgestellt, wobei diese Veränderungen unterhalb 20 m Tiefe sprunghaft erfolgten, wobei das oberflächennahe Grundwasser am dichtesten und artenreichsten besiedelt war. Die Zahl der tatsächlich vorkommenden, insbesondere der seltenen Arten, konnte vermutlich nicht annähernd erfasst werden. Die Zahl der in einer beliebigen Landschaftseinheit festgestellten Arten korrelierte linear mit der Zahl der untersuchten Messstellen. Auch konnten einige aus anderen Untersuchungen in Baden-Württemberg bekannte Arten nicht wiedergefunden werden. Dies weist darauf hin, dass die Zahl der im Untersuchungsgebiet lebenden Arten stark unterschätzt wurde. Eine starke Unterschätzung der Artenvielfalt im Grundwasser wird deswegen auch für die überwiegende Mehrzahl anderer grundwasserfaunistischer Studien angenommen. Die faunistischen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Messstellen waren erheblich, was auf die große Heterogenität des Lebensraumes Grundwasser zurückzuführen ist. Eine Auswertung der Daten auf der Ebene der Einzelmessstellen und selbst auf der Ebene der Naturräume führte daher zu keinem Ergebnis. Ebenso wenig konnten deshalb Referenzzoozönosen beschrieben werden. Auf der nächst höheren Auswertungsebene, der Ebene der Naturraumgruppen zeigte die Fauna Verteilungsmuster, die sehr gut die geographischen Verhältnisse widerspiegeln, d. h. die faunistischen Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Naturraumgruppen entsprachen annähernd auch ihrer räumlichen Lage zueinander. Auf dieser Auswertungsebene ergaben sich auch indirekte Zusammenhänge zwischen der Artengemeinschaft und der Landnutzung, der Leiterstruktur und der Nährstoffverfügbarkeit Fast alle Arten, die eine regional beschränkte Verbreitung aufwiesen, kamen im Einzugsgebiet des Rheins vor, waren jedoch in der Regel selten. Nur eine Art, Acanthocyclops gmeineri, wurde exklusiv im Donaueinzugsgebiet, an einer einzelnen Messstelle, gefunden. Ebenso waren auf Gemeinschaftsebene einzugsgebietsbedingte Verbreitungsmuster zu erkennen. Ein Einfluss der ehemaligen, voreiszeitlichen Flussgebietszugehörigkeit auf die Fauna konnte im Gebiet des Hochrheins, des Schwarzwaldes und des voralpinen Moor- und Hügellandes festgestellt werden: Diese Regionen, die heute dem Rheingebiet angehören, waren im Pliozän noch dem Flusseinzugsgebiet der Donau zugeordnet. Eine Reihe von Arten hat in diesen Regionen und im heutigen Donaueinzugsgebiet, also den Donau-Iller-Lechplatten und der Schwäbischen Alb, ihren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt. Wie oben bereits erwähnt, konnten die meisten regional begrenzten Arten im Rheineinzugsgebiet angetroffen werden. Nur eine Art konnte exklusiv für das rezente Donauflussgebiet festgestellt werden. Dieses Muster dürfte damit in Zusammenhang stehen, dass weite Teile des pliozänen oberen Donaueinzugsgebietes an das rezente Rheinsystem angegliedert wurden. So lassen sich drei Gruppen von Grundwassertieren unterscheiden: Arten des pliozänen Rheins, Arten der pliozänen Donau und nacheiszeitliche Wiederbesiedler mit einer landesweiter Verbreitung. Zusammenhänge zwischen der glazialen Vereisung und der rezenten Besiedlung des Grundwassers konnten nur insofern gefunden werden, als die meisten Arten als nacheiszeitliche Wiederbesiedler im gesamten Gebiet auftreten. Nur indirekte Zusammenhänge konnten zwischen der Besiedlung und der Art bzw. dem Chemismus der verschiedenen Grundwasserlandschaften gefunden werden. Als entscheidender Faktor für die Besiedlung erwies sich die hydraulische Leitfähigkeit. Diese überlagerte alle anderen Einflussgrößen, wie naturräumliche Gliederung, Hydrogeologie und Hydrographie. Danach konnten vier Gruppen unterschieden werden, von denen drei " Geringleiter, Lockergesteinsleiter und Kluftleiter - eindeutig voneinander zur trennen waren, während der Karst teilweise starke faunistische Ähnlichkeit mit den Lockergesteinsleitern aufwies. Große Ähnlichkeiten wurden zwischen den verschiedenen Lockergesteinsleitern festgestellt, so dass sie auch unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten als einheitliche Gruppe aufgefasst werden können. Kluftleiter und Geringleiter waren in ihrer Besiedlung wesentlich heterogener als Karst- und Lockergesteinleiter. Um die Grundwassergemeinschaften bestimmter Landschaftseinheiten zu charakterisieren, erscheint es erforderlich, alle vorhandenen Aquifertypen der untersuchten Einheiten zu erfassen. Dabei sollte der Fokus nicht nur auf den Lockergesteinsleitern, sondern vor allem auch auf den Kluft- und Geringleitern liegen. Zwischen der faunistischen Besiedlung und natürlichen chemischen Stoffen und Parametern - einschließlich des Sauerstoffs " wurden keine direkten, signifikanten Zusammenhänge festgestellt. Korrelationen ergaben sich dagegen mit dem Nahrungsangebot, insbesondere der Menge an Detritus und toten Kleintieren (Aas). Daher ist davon auszugehen, dass das Auftreten von Grundwasserorganismen vor allem durch das Nahrungsangebot und weniger durch den Wasserchemismus beeinflusst wird. Das Nahrungsangebot seinerseits ist eine direkte Folge des hydrologischen Austausches, d. h. der Beeinflussung des Grundwassers durch Oberflächenwasser. Zur zukünftigen ökologischen Klassifizierung von Grundwasserlebensräumen wird ein hierarchisches, dreistufiges System, beginnend bei den geographischen, hydrographischen und naturräumlichen Verhältnissen über den Typ des Grundwasserleiters bis zum hydrologischen Austausch der Einzelstandorte diskutiert. Mit dem hydrologischen Austausch als zusätzliches Gliederungskriterium können die trophischen Verhältnisse mitberücksichtigt werden, die die kleinräumige Verteilung der Arten bestimmen.
“Mittelstand” businesses are the backbone of the German economy. To operate effectively, these businesses require sufficient financing provided through adequate financing instruments. Yet, which characteristics do capital seekers value in adequate financing instruments? Despite the macroeconomic relevance of the topic, only few empirical studies exist to this date, which examine the financing behaviour of “Mittelstand”. For the paper at hand, all PREPS financed German businesses were asked to fill out an online survey. PREPS is a standardized mezzanine financing instrument, which was offered to “Mittelstand” businesses with a high degree of credit worthiness - primarily to finance business growth. PREPS financed businesses are of particular interest for this research as they can choose from the greatest variety of financing options amongst their peers due to their size and credit worthiness. Financing instruments differ in terms of rights and obligations associated with them. Depending on their design, financing contracts can fulfil a variety of functions beyond the obvious supply of liquidity, such as financial transformation, influencing of behaviours, and signalling private information. The paper at hand suggests that the businesses in question selected the same financing instrument, however, for different reasons. Furthermore, the degree of appreciation for certain characteristics of the financing instrument varies with business and situation specific context. When exploring individual hypotheses on how individual factors influence this degree of appreciation for certain financing characteristics, this paper builds on core capital structure theories as well as recent empirical insights in regards to financing behaviour. In addition, the paper examines several explorative hypotheses.
In the last years, the public interest in epidemiology and mathematical modeling of disease spread has increased - mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has emphasized the urgent need for accurate and timely modelling of disease transmission. However, even prior to that, mathematical modelling has been used for describing the dynamics and spread of infectious diseases, which is vital for developing effective interventions and controls, e.g., for vaccination campaigns and social restrictions like lockdowns. The forecasts and evaluations provided by these models influence political actions and shape the measures implemented to contain the virus.
This research contributes to the understanding and control of disease spread, specifically for Dengue fever and COVID-19, making use of mathematical models and various data analysis techniques. The mathematical foundations of epidemiological modelling, as well as several concepts for spatio-temporal diffusion like ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, are presented, as well as an originally human-vector model for Dengue fever, and the standard (SEIR)-model (with the potential inclusion of an equation for deceased persons), which are suited for the description of COVID-19. Additionally, multi-compartment models, fractional diffusion models, partial differential equations (PDE) models, and integro-differential models are used to describe spatial propagation of the diseases.
We will make use of different optimization techniques to adapt the models to medical data and estimate the relevant parameters or finding optimal control techniques for containing diseases using both Metropolis and Lagrangian methods. Reasonable estimates for the unknown parameters are found, especially in initial stages of pandemics, when little to no information is available and the majority of the population has not got in contact with the disease. The longer a disease is present, the more complex the modelling gets and more things (vaccination, different types, etc.) appear and reduce the estimation and prediction quality of the mathematical models.
While it is possible to create highly complex models with numerous equations and parameters, such an approach presents several challenges, including difficulties in comparing and evaluating data, increased risk of overfitting, and reduced generalizability. Therefore, we will also consider criteria for model selection based on fit and complexity as well as the sensitivity of the model with respect to specific parameters. This also gives valuable information on which political interventions should be more emphasized for possible variations of parameter values.
Furthermore, the presented models, particularly the optimization using the Metropolis algorithm for parameter estimation, are compared with other established methods. The quality of model calculation, as well as computational effort and applicability, play a role in this comparison. Additionally, the spatial integro-differential model is compared with an established agent-based model. Since the macroscopic results align very well, the computationally faster integro-differential model can now be used as a proxy for the slower and non-traditionally optimizable agent-based model, e.g., in order to find an apt control strategy.
Environmental processes transforming inorganic nanoparticles: implications on aquatic invertebrates
(2020)
Engineered inorganic nanoparticles (EINPs) are produced and utilized on a large scale and will end up in surface waters. Once in surface waters, EINPs are subjected to transformations induced by environmental processes altering the particles’ fate and inherent toxicity. UV irradiation of photoactive EINPs is defined as one effect-inducing pathway, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing EINP toxicity by exerting oxidative stress in aquatic life. Simultaneously, UV irradiation of photoactive EINP alters the toxicity of co-occurring micropollutants (e.g. pesticides) by affecting their degradation. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) reduces the agglomeration and sedimentation of EINPs, extending the exposure of pelagic species, while delaying the exposure of benthic species living in and on the sediment, which is suggested as final sink for EINPs. However, the joint impact of NOM and UV irradiation on EINP-induced toxicity, but also EINP-induced degradation of micropollutants, and the resulting risk for aquatic biota, is poorly understood. Although potential effects of EINPs on benthic species are increasingly investigated, the importance of exposure pathways (waterborne or dietary) is unclear, along with the reciprocal pathway of EINPs, i.e. the transport back from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, this thesis investigates: (i) how the presence of NOM affects the UV-induced toxicity of the model EINP titanium dioxide (nTiO2) on the pelagic organism Daphnia magna, (ii) to which extent UV irradiation of nTiO2 in the presence and absence of NOM modifies the toxicity of six selected pesticides in D. magna, (iii) potential exposure pathway dependent effects of nTiO2 and silver (nAg) EINPs on the benthic organism Gammarus fossarum, and (iv) the transport of nTiO2 and gold EINPs (nAu) via the merolimnic aquatic insect Chaetopteryx villosa back to terrestrial ecosystems. nTiO2 toxicity in D. magna increased up to 280-fold in the presence of UV light, and was mitigated by NOM up to 12-fold. Depending on the pesticide, UV irradiation of nTiO2 reduced but also enhanced pesticide toxicity, by (i) more efficient pesticide degradation, and presumably (ii) formation of toxic by-products, respectively. Likewise, NOM reduced and increased pesticide toxicity, induced by (i) protection of D. magna against locally acting ROS, and (ii) mitigation of pesticide degradation, respectively. Gammarus’ energy assimilation was significantly affected by both EINPs, however, with distinct variation in direction and pathway dependence between nTiO2 and nAg. EINP presence delayed C. villosa emergence by up to 30 days, and revealed up to 40% reduced lipid reserves, while the organisms carried substantial amounts of nAu (~1.5 ng/mg), and nTiO2 (up to 2.7 ng/mg). This thesis shows, that moving test conditions of EINPs towards a more field-relevant approach, meaningfully modifies the risk of EINPs for aquatic organisms. Thereby, more efforts need to be made to understand the relative importance of EINP exposure pathways, especially since a transferability between different types of EINPs may not be given. When considering typically applied risk assessment factors, adverse effects on aquatic systems might already be expected at currently predicted environmental EINP concentrations in the low ng-µg/L range.
Die Wirbelsäule als tragende Säule des menschlichen Körpers ist bei vielen Bewegungsabläufen hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Fehl- und Überbelastungen rufen dabei oft dauerhafte Schädigungen hervor. Daher ist es von Interesse, die innerhalb der Wirbelsäule auftretenden Belastungen zu bestimmen. Eine moderne und zuverlässige Methode zur Belastungsbestimmung ist der Aufbau eines Berechnungsmodells.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Mehr-Körper-System (MKS) Modell der Lendenwirbelsäule erstellt. Mit Hilfe des Modells können sowohl die übertragenen Kräfte und Momente in allen inneren Strukturen berechnet als auch die Kinematik des Bewegungsablaufs simuliert werden. Die Grundstruktur des Modells bilden die als Starrkörper angenommenen knöchernen Strukturen der fünf Lendenwirbel L1 bis L5, des Os Sacrums und des Os iliums, die über die Segmentierung eines CT-Datensatzes des Abgusses der Wirbeloberflächen eines durchschnittlich großen Europäers gewonnen wurden. Die elastischen Elemente der Wirbelsäule wurden unter Berücksichtigung ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften in das Modell implementiert. Grundlage für die Modellierung der Zwischenwirbelscheiben waren dabei eigens durchgeführte experimentelle Messungen. Das charakteristische Kraft-Deformations-Verhalten der Ligamente wurde der Literatur entnommen.
Die Umsetzung im Computermodell berücksichtigt neben dem physikalischen Verhalten eines einzelnen Ligamentes zusätzlich durch einen Gewichtungsfaktor das Zusammenspiel aller Ligamente im komplex aufgebauten Ligamentapparat. Die Facettengelenke wurden durch Kontaktmodellierung in den Knorpelschichten realisiert. Daneben wurde ein Modell eines Implantatsystems entwickelt, das zur dynamischen Stabilisierung der Lendenwirbelsäule genutzt wird. Die Validierung der erstellten Modelle erfolgte über den Vergleich mit In-Vitro erhobenen Daten. Betrachtet wurden neben der intakten Wirbelsäule zudem degenerative Schädigungen der Zwischenwirbelscheibe und deren operative Versorgung durch Nukleotomie und dynamische Stabilisierung. Die Ergebnisse der Simulationen zeigen dabei eine sehr gute Näherung an die experimentell ermittelten Messwerte. Durch Anwendung der Computermodelle konnten die Auswirkungen verschiedener operativer Eingriffe, wie Interlaminotomie, Hemilaminektomie und Laminektomie auf die unterschiedlichen Strukturen der Lendenwirbelsäule berechnet werden. Ein weiteres Anwendungsgebiet lag in der Untersuchung des momentanen Drehzentrums. Neben der Bestimmung der Drehpunktbahn bei intakter Wirbelsäule konnten die Effekte einer degenerativ geschädigten und operativ versorgten Zwischenwirbelscheibe auf den Verlauf des momentanen Drehzentrums berechnet und simuliert werden.
This doctoral thesis concerns the theoretical basis, development and validation of a multipart instrument to provide students of educational sciences with some feedback about their competence-development (instrument KIPBI) and report to their experiences in practical training (instrument EIPRA). It thus supports the reflection capability of the student teachers. Both instruments are part of an online self-assessment (Tour 3-RLP), which is similar to the Career-Counselling for Teachers (CCT, see cct-germany.de) but unlike this, does not focus on ability but on competence-development. The instruments serve to promote the professional development of student teachers. This is a goal of the reformed concept of teacher training in Rhineland-Palatinate, the so-called KMK-standards for teacher training and education, the Rhineland-Palatinate "Framework School Quality" as well as of handouts and manuals for the implementation of in-depth practical training in teacher education. The first part of this dissertation describes the theoretical framework for the development of instruments for the "CCT-Tour 3-RLP" starting with the issue of professionalization in teacher profession. Historical dimensions and their associated approaches to teacher education research are manifold. They range from the aspect of "teacher personality" to the implementation of teaching-standards and standards for teacher education and output orientation. While within the 60s and 70s the personality approach was pivotal in teacher education research, nowadays expertise-development and models of skills-development are discussed as central issues. Therefore, the theory section describes the influence of previous research-paradigms and their semantic content upon the current trend. As one part of the analysis the construct of "teacher self-efficacy" will be explained, along topological and typological models of competence-development.
Furthermore the practical elements of teacher education and their contribution to the professionalization of future teachers are presented. Professional reflection is assumed to be a basis for developing expertise. Therefore it is necessary to investigate how theoretical knowledge can be "transferred" to practical performance. A unifying theory connecting the integration hypothesis (assuming that knowledge is directly transferable into practice) with the differentiation hypothesis (teacher skills form their own knowledgebase independent from both theoretical and practical knowledge) is provided by cognitive psychology (particularly by research on expertise). Endpoint of the theoretical discourse is the evaluation of the referred theoretical positions and their meaning for the Rhineland-Palatinate reform of teacher education and teacher training and the role that the "Tour 3-RLP" is going to play in this context.In the empirical part the methodical and methodological steps for validation of the instruments are discussed. At first the Swiss standards for teacher profession (developed by the Pädagogische Hochschule Schwyz, Central Switzerland) are presented. They can serve as a model building a competency-oriented tool that refers to competency stages.
An analysis of various methods for the setting of cut-scores aiming to develop appropriate competency levels is also a fundament for the procedures developed in the context of the empirical investigations. The results of the pilot-study and a follow-up study conducted with both described instruments (KIPBI and EIPRA) show that the instruments for competence-measurement fulfil the requirements of psychometric criteria (like a scale-structure) and tend to support student teachers´ self-reflection. Core concern of both instruments is the promotion of students, realized by the online-self-assessment by the use of appropriate feedback structures and related recommendations for action.The final chapter of this thesis includes the discussion of the results of the validation and implementation study. This final view is devoted to the question whether or not competency-modeling or standard-based approaches to professionalization are the only possible accesses to map and explain skills development. The role of reflection seems to be important for both the integral and the differential approach and interconnects them.
Die Biomechanik umfasst natur-, ingenieur- und sportwissenschaftliche sowie medizinische Aspekte. Unter Berücksichtigung all dieser Aspekte leistet die vorliegende Arbeit einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von Verletzungsmechanismen ausgewählter Sportarten. Dabei stellen numerische Verfahren ein adäquates Mittel dar, wenn Messtechnik an ihre Grenzen stößt oder experimentelle Untersuchungen aus ethischen Gründen nicht oder nur bedingt durchführbar sind. Den Schwerpunkt in dieser Arbeit bildet daher der Aufbau und die Überprüfung detaillierter physikalischer Modelle, sog. Mehrkörpersysteme (MKS), ausgesuchter Regionen des menschlichen Körpers. Die entsprechenden Bereiche des Bewegungsapparates wurden anatomisch detailliert besprochen und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Strukturen untersucht.
Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) are substances of anthropogenic origin and have been used for several decades. These compounds are a new class of environmental pollutants. Their high surface activity, thermal stability, amphipathicity and weak intermolecular interactions lead to persistence and bioaccumulation. Therefore, there is a great need for reliable analytical methods for detecting the presence and determination of concentration in both environmental samples and everyday products. GC-MS is a cost-effective alternative and supplement to established LC-MS/MS methods. The greatest challenge in the method development is the derivatization reaction. Many of the previously published derivatization reactions for PFCA are time consuming and require high reaction temperatures or toxic reagents.
In the present dissertation, two new derivatization reactions for PFCA have been developed and optimized. The first part of the thesis shows the development and optimization of the reaction with triethylsilanol in water. In addition to optimizing the reaction, classical solid-phase extraction was modified to simplify the sample preparation.
In the second part of the work, the reaction products of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) and -diethyl acetal (DMF-DEA) were identified. From these measurements, it follows that both DMF-DMA and DMF-DEA in the presence of PFOA form an iminium cation, which leads to salt formation. This PFOA salt react further in the GC injector and a corresponding amine is produced.
In the last part of the thesis, an analytical method based on the DMF-DMA reaction was developed. The matrix effects have been described in detail. The method has been successfully applied for three different types of samples: dental floss, textiles and sewage sludge. The results were verified by LC-MS/MS analysis in an external laboratory. The differences between the PFCA values for a spiked sample measured by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS were less than 10%.
This publication describes a concept for the design of an information system of aesthetics and art based on a system of object-oriented databases with a World Wide Web (WWW) interface for access. At first, this information system was developed for the Art of Cubism, so confined to a rather limited subject. The prototype was implemented within the research project PRISMA (Picture Retrieval and Information System for Modern Arts) at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz because a suitable system of distributed object-oriented databases with a WWW interface was made available there. The purpose of the prototype implementation of the information system is to provide a retrieval tool for aesthetics, allowing a direct access to very different types of data (for example pictures, movies, text files). The user interaction is farmost independent from hard- and software by using just common WWW-browsers. In addition, the structure of the system allows an arbitrary scalability and basically the connection to any number of databases. Besides, an investigation was performed whether the system is useful as a retrieval and information system as well as a documentation tool for educational tasks at universities and as an application to computer based lessons of different disciplines at school and in adult education.
The increase in plastic particles (< 5 mm) in the environment is a global problem, which is in direct correlation to the increasing production quantity and variety. Through direct input (primary) or through the degradation of macroplastics (secondary), particles enter the environmental compartments water and/or soil via conventional material transportation paths. The research and development work on the sustainable removal of microplastic particles (inert organic chemical stressors, IOCS) from wastewater is based on the construction of polymer inclusion compounds. IOCS describe a group of organic chemical molecules, which demonstrate a high level of persistence upon entry in the ecosystem and whose degradation is limited.
Following the principle of Cloud Point Technology, a novel separation technique has been developed which induces particle growth in microplastics and allows easier separation from the water by volume increase according to the state of the art. The concept for the sustainable removal of microplastics from Herbort and Schuhen is based on a three-step synthesis. This concept was further optimized as part of the research and adapted to the criteria of resource efficiency and profitability. The fundamental research is premised on the hypothesis that van der Waals forces with short ranges and localized hydrophobic interactions between precursors and/or material and the IOCS to be connected can induce a fixation through the formation of an inclusion compound with particle growth. Through the addition of silicon-based ecotoxicologically irrelevant coagulation and inclusion units, it is possible to initiate molecular self-organization with the hydrophobic stressors in an aggregation process induced through water. It results in adhesive particle growth around the polymer particles and between particles. Subsequently, the polymer extract can be separated from aquatic media through simple and cost-effective filtration processes (e.g. sand trap, grease trap), due to the 10,000 times larger volume microplastic agglomerates.