Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2024 (22) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (22) (entfernen)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- nein (22) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Grounded Theory (2)
- Aktivität (1)
- Anabaena sp. (1)
- CAT (1)
- Calothrix desertica (1)
- Carnivora (1)
- Disney (1)
- Forschen in Koblenz (1)
- Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- Junges Forschen (1)
Institut
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Chemie (3)
- Zentrale Einrichtungen (3)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Physik (2)
- Institut für Musikwissenschaft und Musikpädagogik (2)
- Institut für Psychologie (2)
- Institute for Web Science and Technologies (2)
- Fachbereich 4 (1)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (1)
- Institut für Informatik (1)
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abt. Biologie (1)
Coat color and pattern are a distinguished feature in mammalian carnivores, shaped by climatic cycles and habitat type. It can be expressed in various ways, such as gradients, polymorphisms, and rare color variants. Although natural selection explains much of the phenotypic variation found in the wild, genetic drift and heterozygote deficiency, as prominent in small and fragmented populations, may also affect phenotypic variability through the fixation of recessive alleles. The aim of this study was to test whether rare color variants in the wild could relate to a deficiency of heterozygotes, resulting from habitat fragmentation and small population size. We present an overview of all rare color variants in the order Carnivora, and compiled demographic and genetic data of the populations where they did and did not occur, to test for significant correlations. We also tested how phylogeny and body weight influenced the presence of color variants with phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs). We found 40 color-variable species and 59 rare color variants. In 17 variable phenotypic populations for which genetic diversity was available, the average AR was 4.18, HO = 0.59, and HE= 0.66, and FIS= 0.086. We found that variable populations displayed a significant reduction in heterozygosity and allelic richness compared to non-variable populations across species. We also found a significant negative correlation between population size and inbreeding coefficients. Therefore, it is possible that small effective size had phenotypic consequences on the extant populations. The high frequency of the rare color variants (averaging 20%) also implies that genetic drift is locally overruling natural selection in small effective populations. As such, rare color variants could be added to the list of phenotypic consequences of inbreeding in the wild.
How to begin? This short question addresses a problem that is anything but simple, especially when regarding something as sophisticated and multilayered as musical theatre. However, scholars of this vast research area have mostly neglected this question so far. This study analyses and compares the initial sections of late Victorian popular musical theatre and is therefore a contribution to several fields of research: the analysis of initial sections of musical theatre in general, the analysis of the music of popular musical theatre in particular, and therefore operetta studies. The 1890s are especially interesting times for popular musical theatre in London: The premiered works include the last collaborations of Gilbert and Sullivan as well as offshoots of Savoy opera; but the so-called ‘naughty nineties’ also saw the emergence of a new genre, musical comedy, which captured the late Victorian zeitgeist like no other. This new form of theatrical entertainment was carefully and consciously constructed and promoted as modern and fashionable, walking a fine line between respectability and mildly risqué excitement.
Because a deep understanding of the developments and new tendencies concerning popular musical theatre in the 1890s is crucial in order to interpret differences as well as similarities, the analyses of the opening numbers are preceded by a detailed discussion of the relevant genres: comic opera, musical comedy, musical play and operetta. Since the producers of the analysed works wanted to distance themselves from former and supposedly old-fashioned traditions, this book also considers influences from their British predecessors, but also from Viennese operetta and French opéra bouffe.
Focusing on the triangulation of detective fiction, masculinity studies and disability studies, "Investigating the Disabled Detective – Disabled Masculinity and Masculine Disability in Contemporary Detective Fiction" shows that disability challenges common ideals of (hegemonic) masculinity as represented in detective fiction. After a theoretical introduction to the relevant focal points of the three research fields, the dissertation demonstrates that even the archetypal detectives Dupin and Holmes undermine certain nineteenth-century masculine ideals with their peculiarities. Shifting to contemporary detective fiction and adopting a literary disability studies perspective, the dissertation investigates how male detectives with a form of neurodiversity or a physical impairment negotiate their masculine identity in light of their disability in private and professional contexts. It argues that the occupation as a detective supports the disabled investigator to achieve ‘masculine disability’. Inversing the term ‘disabled masculinity’, predominantly used in research, ‘masculine disability’ introduces a decisively gendered reading of neurodiversity and (acquired) physical impairment in contemporary detective fiction. The term implies that the disabled detective (re)negotiates his masculine identity by implementing the disability in his professional investigations and accepting it as an important, yet not defining, characteristic of his (gender) identity. By applying this approach to five novels from contemporary British and American detective fiction, the dissertation demonstrates that masculinity and disability do not negate each other, as commonly assumed. Instead, it emphasises that disability allows the detective, as much as the reader, to rethink masculinity.
This thesis explores and examines the effectiveness and efficacy of traditional machine learning (ML), advanced neural networks (NN) and state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) models for identifying mental distress indicators from the social media discourses based on Reddit and Twitter as they are immensely used by teenagers. Different NLP vectorization techniques like TF-IDF, Word2Vec, GloVe, and BERT embeddings are employed with ML models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) followed by NN models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to methodically analyse their impact as feature representation of models. DL models such as BERT, DistilBERT, MentalRoBERTa and MentalBERT are end-to-end fine tuned for classification task. This thesis also compares different text preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, stopword removal and lemmatization to assess their impact on model performance. Systematic experiments with different configuration of vectorization and preprocessing techniques in accordance with different model types and categories have been implemented to find the most effective configurations and to gauge the strengths, limitations, and capability to detect and interpret the mental distress indicators from the text. The results analysis reveals that MentalBERT DL model significantly outperformed all other model types and categories due to its specific pretraining on mental data as well as rigorous end-to-end fine tuning gave it an edge for detecting nuanced linguistic mental distress indicators from the complex contextual textual corpus. This insights from the results acknowledges the ML and NLP technologies high potential for developing complex AI systems for its intervention in the domain of mental health analysis. This thesis lays the foundation and directs the future work demonstrating the need for collaborative approach of different domain experts as well as to explore next generational large language models to develop robust and clinically approved mental health AI systems.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation mit dem Titel "Blickanalysen bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben" wird eine Analyse der visuellen Verarbeitungsprozesse bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben mittels Eye-Tracking-Technologie durchgeführt, um die zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse und Strategien, die bei der Lösung dieser Aufgaben angewandt werden, zu untersuchen. Ein Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, die Problemstellung zu adressieren, wie individuelle Unterschiede, insbesondere geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen in den Blickmustern, die visuelle Verarbeitung und Leistung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben beeinflussen. Hierzu wurden drei Studien durchgeführt, die nicht nur die Identifikation von Blickmustern und die Analyse der Leistungsunterschiede in Bezug auf Geschlecht umfassen, sondern auch die Korrelation zwischen Blickverhalten und Leistung untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung bieten Einblicke in die Mechanismen der visuellen und kognitiven Verarbeitung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben und heben die Bedeutung des Eye-Tracking als Forschungsinstrument in der kognitiven Psychologie hervor, um ein umfassendes Verständnis der Einflussfaktoren auf räumliches Denken und Problemlösungsstrategien zu erlangen.
Diese Dissertation widmet sich der inhaltsanalytischen, quantitativen Analyse der Kompilation Disney Princess durch die Anwendung der Theorie des male gaze von Laura Mulvey, welche sie in Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975) sowie Afterthoughts on `Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema‘ inspired by King Vidor´s Duel in the Sun (1946) (1981) darstellte.
Die Autorin der Dissertation nutzt die quantitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Patrick Rössler, um die Filme der Kompilation Disney Princess aus den Jahren 1937 bis 2016 sowie den Film Die Eiskönigin (2013) auf die Darstellung der weiblich und männlich gelesenen Filmfiguren im Hinblick auf die Körperproportionen, den Grad ihrer Aktivität und den Umfang ihrer Präsenz sowie das Geschlecht der Filmmitarbeiter:innen zu untersuchen.
Sogenannte Klassische Musik spielte spätestens ab der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts eine zentrale Rolle für den Musikunterricht in Deutschland. Aber auch der Blick auf jüngere musikpädagogische Diskursstränge lässt Klassische Musik nach wie vor als virulenten Diskussionsanlass erscheinen. Doch wie denken eigentlich Musiklehrer:innen über Klassische Musik im Musikunterricht nach? Diese Thematik ist in der deutschsprachigen Musikpädagogik bisher nicht systematisch erforscht.
Zur Beantwortung der Frage wie Musiklehrer:innen über Klassische Musik im Musikunterricht nachdenken werden in einer qualitativ-empirischen Studie acht leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt und in Anlehnung an die Grounded Theory Methodology ausgewertet. Die herausgearbeitete Theorie zeigt, dass Musiklehrer:innen mit dem Einsatz von Klassischer Musik im Musikunterricht unterschiedliche Ziele verfolgen, diese Musik aber grundsätzlich als den Schüler:innen fremd wahrnehmen. Um mit dieser Situationen umzugehen, entwickeln die Musiklehrer:innen verschiedene Methoden und Strategien, die sich drei Umgangsweisen mit der wahrgenommenen Fremdheit Klassischer Musik zuordnen lassen: Fremdheit vermeiden, Fremdheit reduzieren/relativieren und Fremdheit nutzen.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie werden in fremdheitstheoretischer, musikdidaktischer und transformatorisch-bildungstheoretischer Perspektive kontextualisiert. Die vorliegende Dissertation liefert somit insgesamt einen Beitrag zu musikpädagogischer Unterrichtsforschung zu Klassischer Musik und schafft Anknüpfungspunkte für weitergehende theoretische, empirische und didaktische Forschung.
X-ray computed tomography (XRT) is a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive, and reproducible investigation method capable of visualizing and examining internal and external structures of components independent of the material and geometry. In this work, XRT with its unique abilities complements conventionally utilized examination methods for the investigation of microstructure weakening induced by hydrogen corrosion and furthermore provides a new approach to corrosion research. The motivation for this is the current inevitable transformation to hydrogen-based steel production. Refractories of the system Al2O3-SiO2 are significant as lining materials. Two exemplary material types A and B, which differ mainly in their Al2O3:SiO2 ratio, are examined here using XRT. Identical samples of the two materials are measured, analyzed, and then compared before and after hydrogen attack. In this context, hydrogen corrosion-induced porosity and its spatial distribution and morphology are investigated. The results show that sample B has an higher resistance to hydrogen-induced attack than sample A. Furthermore, the 3D-representation revealed a differential porosity increase within the microstructure.
Im Rahmen der Masterthesis „Analyse des Managements invasiver gebietsfremder Arten am Beispiel des Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses (Procambarus clarkii) während und im Anschluss an notwendige Sanierungsarbeiten am Hochwasserrückhaltebecken Breitenauer See östlich von Heilbronn“ wurde das Vorkommen des invasiven Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses am Breitenauer See umfangreich kartiert. Auch die nahegelegene Sulm mit bekanntem Vorkommen des Signalkrebses sowie das Nonnenbachsystem mit bekanntem Vorkommen des Steinkrebses wurden erfasst. Der Fokus lag auf der Beantwortung dreier Kernfragen. Zunächst wurde untersucht, ob und wie ein dauerhaftes IAS-Management (invasive alien species) des Roten Amerikanischen Sumpfkrebses am Breitenauer See nachhaltig durchgeführt werden kann, um inakzeptable ökologische Effekte zu vermeiden. Die zweite Fragestellung bezog sich auf die Wirksamkeit ergriffener Risikomanagementmaßnahmen während der Ablassaktion des Breitenauer Sees. Abschließend war fraglich, wie sich der Rote Amerikanische Sumpfkrebs verhält, wenn sein besiedeltes Gewässer trockenfällt.
This work addresses the challenge of calibrating multiple solid-state LIDAR systems. The study focuses on three different solid-state LIDAR sensors that implement different hardware designs, leading to distinct scanning patterns for each system. Consequently, detecting corresponding points between the point clouds generated by these LIDAR systems—as required for calibration—is a complex task. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a method that involves several steps. First, the measurement data are preprocessed to enhance its quality. Next, features are extracted from the acquired point clouds using the Fast Point Feature Histogram method, which categorizes important characteristics of the data. Finally, the extrinsic parameters are computed using the Fast Global Registration technique. The best set of parameters for the pipeline and the calibration success are evaluated using the normalized root mean square error. In a static real-world indoor scenario, a minimum root mean square error of 7 cm was achieved. Importantly, the paper demonstrates that the presented approach is suitable for online use, indicating its potential for real-time applications. By effectively calibrating the solid-state LIDAR systems and establishing point correspondences, this research contributes to the advancement of multi-LIDAR fusion and facilitates accurate perception and mapping in various fields such as autonomous driving, robotics, and environmental monitoring.