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Nanopartikel sind sensitive und gleichzeitig robuste Systeme, sie sind auf Grund ihrer groflen Oberfläche besonders reaktiv und besitzen Eigenschaften, die das Bulk-Material nicht aufweist. Gleichzeitig ist die Herstellung von Nanopartikeln selbst bei gleichen Parametern und Bedingungen eine Herausforderung, da sich die Parameter von Durchgang zu Durchgang ein bisschen unterscheiden können. Um dies zu verhindern soll, in dieser Arbeit eine kontinuierliche Synthese im Mikro-Jet Reaktor für Ceroxid-Nanopartikel entwickelt werden. Ziel war es, monodisperse Nanopartikel zu erhalten, die in Biosensoren Anwendung finden.
Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen zwei Fällungssynthesen mit den Zwischenschritten Cercarbonat und Cerhydroxid sowie eine Mikroemulsionssynthese zur Herstellung von Ceroxid-Nanopartikeln. Die Ceroxid-Nanopartikel werden anhand verschiedener Charakterisierungs- und Anwendungsmethoden verglichen, dabei werden die synthetisierten Nanopartikel hinsichtlich ihrer Größe, Stabilität, chemischen Zusammensetzung und katalytischen Fähigkeiten durch Elektronenmikroskopie, Röntgenbeugung, Raman- und Photoelektronen-Spektroskopie charakterisiert.
Die Anwendung der Ceroxid-Nanopartikel erfolgte in biologischen Sensorsystemen. Die Sensorsysteme sind so konzipiert, dass sie Histamin und Glukose oder Wasserstoffperoxid, welches bei der Oxidation von Histamin und Glukose entsteht, nachweisen. Wasserstoffperoxid und Glukose werden in dieser Arbeit durch einen elektrochemischen Sensor und Histamin durch ein kolorimetrisches Sensorsystem nachgewiesen.
Herein, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and shape analysis of in vivo bioproduced particles from aqueous Au3+ and Eu3+ solutions by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. are examined in detail at the nanoscale. Generally, biosynthesis is affected by numerous parameters. Therefore, it is challenging to find the key set points for generating tailored nanoparticles (NPs). PSDs and shape analysis of the Au and Eu-NPs were performed with ImageJ using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. As the HR-TEM image analysis reflects only a fraction of the detected NPs within the cells, additional PSDs of the complete cell were performed to determine the NP count and to evaluate the different accuracies. Furthermore, local PSDs were carried out at five randomly selected locations within a single cell to identify local hotspots or agglomerations. The PSDs show that particle size depends mainly on contact time, while the particle shape is hardly affected. The particles formed are distributed quite evenly within the cells. HR-PSDs for Au-NPs show an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of 8.4 nm (24 h) and 7.2 nm (51 h). In contrast, Eu-NPs preferably exhibit an average ECD of 10.6 nm (10 h) and 12.3 nm (244 h). Au-NPs are classified predominantly as “very round” with an average reciprocal aspect ratio (RAR) of ~0.9 and a Feret major axis ratio (FMR) of ~1.17. Eu-NPs mainly belong to the “rounded” class with a smaller RAR of ~0.6 and a FMR of ~1.3. These results show that an increase in contact time is not accompanied by an average particle growth for Au-NPs, but by a doubling of the particle number. Anabaena sp. is capable of biosorbing and bioreducing dissolved Au3+ and Eu3+ ions from aqueous solutions, generating nano-sized Au and Eu particles, respectively. Therefore, it is a low-cost, non-toxic and effective candidate for a rapid recovery of these sought-after metals via the bioproduction of NPs with defined sizes and shapes, providing a high potential for scale-up.
This thesis explores and examines the effectiveness and efficacy of traditional machine learning (ML), advanced neural networks (NN) and state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) models for identifying mental distress indicators from the social media discourses based on Reddit and Twitter as they are immensely used by teenagers. Different NLP vectorization techniques like TF-IDF, Word2Vec, GloVe, and BERT embeddings are employed with ML models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) followed by NN models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to methodically analyse their impact as feature representation of models. DL models such as BERT, DistilBERT, MentalRoBERTa and MentalBERT are end-to-end fine tuned for classification task. This thesis also compares different text preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, stopword removal and lemmatization to assess their impact on model performance. Systematic experiments with different configuration of vectorization and preprocessing techniques in accordance with different model types and categories have been implemented to find the most effective configurations and to gauge the strengths, limitations, and capability to detect and interpret the mental distress indicators from the text. The results analysis reveals that MentalBERT DL model significantly outperformed all other model types and categories due to its specific pretraining on mental data as well as rigorous end-to-end fine tuning gave it an edge for detecting nuanced linguistic mental distress indicators from the complex contextual textual corpus. This insights from the results acknowledges the ML and NLP technologies high potential for developing complex AI systems for its intervention in the domain of mental health analysis. This thesis lays the foundation and directs the future work demonstrating the need for collaborative approach of different domain experts as well as to explore next generational large language models to develop robust and clinically approved mental health AI systems.
Coat color and pattern are a distinguished feature in mammalian carnivores, shaped by climatic cycles and habitat type. It can be expressed in various ways, such as gradients, polymorphisms, and rare color variants. Although natural selection explains much of the phenotypic variation found in the wild, genetic drift and heterozygote deficiency, as prominent in small and fragmented populations, may also affect phenotypic variability through the fixation of recessive alleles. The aim of this study was to test whether rare color variants in the wild could relate to a deficiency of heterozygotes, resulting from habitat fragmentation and small population size. We present an overview of all rare color variants in the order Carnivora, and compiled demographic and genetic data of the populations where they did and did not occur, to test for significant correlations. We also tested how phylogeny and body weight influenced the presence of color variants with phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs). We found 40 color-variable species and 59 rare color variants. In 17 variable phenotypic populations for which genetic diversity was available, the average AR was 4.18, HO = 0.59, and HE= 0.66, and FIS= 0.086. We found that variable populations displayed a significant reduction in heterozygosity and allelic richness compared to non-variable populations across species. We also found a significant negative correlation between population size and inbreeding coefficients. Therefore, it is possible that small effective size had phenotypic consequences on the extant populations. The high frequency of the rare color variants (averaging 20%) also implies that genetic drift is locally overruling natural selection in small effective populations. As such, rare color variants could be added to the list of phenotypic consequences of inbreeding in the wild.
The production of isolated metallic nanoparticles with multifunctionalized properties, such as size and shape, is crucial for biomedical, photocatalytic, and energy storage or remediation applications. This study investigates the initial particle formations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bioproduced in the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images for digital image analysis. The developed method enabled the discovery of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs), which were biosynthesized in the cyanobacteria Calothrix desertica. The particle size distributions for AuNPs and CeNPs were analyzed. After 10 h, the average equivalent circular diameter for AuNPs was 4.8 nm, while for CeNPs, it was approximately 5.2 nm after 25 h. The initial shape of AuNPs was sub-round to round, while the shape of CeNPs was more roundish due to their amorphous structure and formation restricted to heterocysts. The local PSDs indicate that the maturation of AuNPs begins in the middle of vegetative cells and near the cell membrane, compared to the other regions of the cell.
Well-being is essential for all people. Therefore, important factors influencing people’s well-being must be investigated. Well-being is multifaceted and defined as, for example, psychological, emotional, mental, physical, or social well-being. Here, we focus on psychological well-being. The study aimed to analyze different aspects of connectedness as potential predictors of psychological well-being. For this purpose, we conducted a study examining the psychological well-being of 184 participants (130 women, 54 men, age: M = 31.39, SD = 15.24) as well as their connectedness with oneself (self-love), with others (prosocialness), with nature (nature connectedness), and with the transcendent (spirituality). First, significant positive correlations appeared between psychological well-being and self-love, nature connectedness, and spirituality. Furthermore, correlations between the four aspects of connectedness were significant, except for the relationship between self-love and prosocialness. A regression analysis revealed that self-love and nature connectedness positively predicted participants’ psychological well-being, while spirituality and prosocialness did not explain any incremental variance. The strong relationship between self-love and well-being was partly mediated by nature connectedness. Hence, self love, understood as a positive attitude of self-kindness, should be considered in more detail to enhance psychological well-being. Besides this, a more vital connectedness to the surrounding nature could benefit people’s well-being.
The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H24NO2)], which is produced by the oxidation of 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-ethyl-3-ferrocenylpyrrole, crystallizes as a racemic mixture in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The central heterocyclic pyrrole ring system subtends dihedral angles of 13.7 (2)° with respect to the attached cyclopentadienyl ring and of 43.6 (7)° with the major component of the disordered phenyl group bound to the N atom. The 4-tert-butylphenyl group, as well as the non-substituted Cp ring are disordered with s.o.f. values of 0.589 (16) and 0.411 (16), respectively. In the crystal, molecules with the same absolute configuration are linked into infinite chains along the b-axis direction by O—H···O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy substituent and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent molecule.
Sogenannte Klassische Musik spielte spätestens ab der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts eine zentrale Rolle für den Musikunterricht in Deutschland. Aber auch der Blick auf jüngere musikpädagogische Diskursstränge lässt Klassische Musik nach wie vor als virulenten Diskussionsanlass erscheinen. Doch wie denken eigentlich Musiklehrer:innen über Klassische Musik im Musikunterricht nach? Diese Thematik ist in der deutschsprachigen Musikpädagogik bisher nicht systematisch erforscht.
Zur Beantwortung der Frage wie Musiklehrer:innen über Klassische Musik im Musikunterricht nachdenken werden in einer qualitativ-empirischen Studie acht leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt und in Anlehnung an die Grounded Theory Methodology ausgewertet. Die herausgearbeitete Theorie zeigt, dass Musiklehrer:innen mit dem Einsatz von Klassischer Musik im Musikunterricht unterschiedliche Ziele verfolgen, diese Musik aber grundsätzlich als den Schüler:innen fremd wahrnehmen. Um mit dieser Situationen umzugehen, entwickeln die Musiklehrer:innen verschiedene Methoden und Strategien, die sich drei Umgangsweisen mit der wahrgenommenen Fremdheit Klassischer Musik zuordnen lassen: Fremdheit vermeiden, Fremdheit reduzieren/relativieren und Fremdheit nutzen.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie werden in fremdheitstheoretischer, musikdidaktischer und transformatorisch-bildungstheoretischer Perspektive kontextualisiert. Die vorliegende Dissertation liefert somit insgesamt einen Beitrag zu musikpädagogischer Unterrichtsforschung zu Klassischer Musik und schafft Anknüpfungspunkte für weitergehende theoretische, empirische und didaktische Forschung.
In dieser wiederkehrenden Zeitschriftenreihe wollen wir die Arbeit junger Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an der Universität Koblenz kommunizieren und Studierenden Austausch- und Publikationsmöglichkeiten für den wissenschaftlichen Werdegang eröffnen.
In dieser Ausgabe:
Christin Robrecht: Helfen kommt nach der Flut: Über die Ambivalenz situativ-nichtalltäglicher Dynamiken im Kontext der Flutkatastrophe im Ahrtal
Theresa Josephine Fischbach: Kontrollüberzeugung und Job Strain: Eine empirische Analyse verschiedener Ausprägungen von Job Strain aufgrund individueller Unterschiede der Kontrollüberzeugung
Rebekka Jachmig: Der Ukraine-Krieg im rechtspopulistischen Diskurs: Eine Analyse der Deutungsmuster von AfD-Politiker*innen
Hanna Schroer: Am Rande Galliens, inmitten der Welt: Eine Comicanalyse interkultureller Fremderfahrung am Beispiel der Comicserie Asterix
Lisa-Marie Schwab: Koloniale Spuren des Handels in Koblenz: Eine kritische Aufarbeitung
Jana Semrau: Okey-Doke: Political Critique in Spike Lee’s "BlacKkKlansman" (2018)
Anna Mira Olszewski: Of Wardrobes and Closets. A Lesson Plan on "Simon vs. Homo Sapiens Agenda" (2015) by Becky Albertalli
Marina Neuwert: Projektive Kommunikation von (Berufs-)Identität: Promotionsinteresse und Zukunftskarrieren bei Lehramtsstudierenden
Jan-Lukas Löwen: Zur Möglichkeit und Notwendigkeit der ästhetischen Erfahrung im Literaturunterricht
Malin Britz: Wearable Devices: Ein systemisches Review