Institut für Psychologie
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Erscheinungsjahr
- 2024 (4) (entfernen)
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- Belonging (1)
- CAT (1)
- Connectedness (1)
- STEM (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gender stereotypes (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- prosocialness (1)
- self-love (1)
Reducing gender bias in STEM is key to generating more equality and contributing to a more balanced workforce in this field. Spatial ability and its components are cognitive processes crucial to success in STEM education and careers. Significant gender differences have consistently been found in mental rotation (MR), the ability to mentally transform two- and three-dimensional objects. The aim of this pilot study is to examine factors in psychological assessment which may contribute to gender differences in MR performance. Moreover, findings will inform the development of the new approaches to assessment using computer adaptive testing (CAT). (1) Background: The study examines the impact of emotional regulation on MR performance in primary school children whose mean age was 9.28 years old. (2) Methods: Skin conductance was measured to assess the impact of emotional reactivity (ER) on performance during an MR task. (3) Results: Patterns of ER influence response time (RT) on specific items in the task. (4) Conclusions: Identifying the effects of emotional arousal and issues of test construction such as stereotyped stimuli and item difficulty in tests of spatial ability warrants ongoing investigation. It is vital to ensure that these factors do not compromise the accurate measurement of performance and inadvertently contribute to the gender gap in STEM.
Examining the role of post-event processing in test anxiety—Pilot testing in three student samples
(2024)
This work investigates the occurrence of post-event processing (PEP) in the context of test anxiety; PEP involves rumination and self-critical thinking following an event and commonly observed in social anxiety. Three short-term longitudinal studies in student samples examined whether PEP occurs after exams and how it is associated with test anxiety. University students (N =35 in Study 1, N =146 in Study 2, and N =37 in Study 3) completed measures of trait and state test anxiety before an actual exam; PEP related to the exam was assessed at various time points afterward. Results revealed that PEP occurred to a meaningful extent after exam situations. Overall, it was positively associated with trait and state test anxiety, although some variations in the relations were found across the three studies. These findings underscore the relevance of PEP in the context of test anxiety, as PEP might contribute to maintaining test anxiety in the long term. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Well-being is essential for all people. Therefore, important factors influencing people’s well-being must be investigated. Well-being is multifaceted and defined as, for example, psychological, emotional, mental, physical, or social well-being. Here, we focus on psychological well-being. The study aimed to analyze different aspects of connectedness as potential predictors of psychological well-being. For this purpose, we conducted a study examining the psychological well-being of 184 participants (130 women, 54 men, age: M = 31.39, SD = 15.24) as well as their connectedness with oneself (self-love), with others (prosocialness), with nature (nature connectedness), and with the transcendent (spirituality). First, significant positive correlations appeared between psychological well-being and self-love, nature connectedness, and spirituality. Furthermore, correlations between the four aspects of connectedness were significant, except for the relationship between self-love and prosocialness. A regression analysis revealed that self-love and nature connectedness positively predicted participants’ psychological well-being, while spirituality and prosocialness did not explain any incremental variance. The strong relationship between self-love and well-being was partly mediated by nature connectedness. Hence, self love, understood as a positive attitude of self-kindness, should be considered in more detail to enhance psychological well-being. Besides this, a more vital connectedness to the surrounding nature could benefit people’s well-being.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation mit dem Titel "Blickanalysen bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben" wird eine Analyse der visuellen Verarbeitungsprozesse bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben mittels Eye-Tracking-Technologie durchgeführt, um die zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse und Strategien, die bei der Lösung dieser Aufgaben angewandt werden, zu untersuchen. Ein Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, die Problemstellung zu adressieren, wie individuelle Unterschiede, insbesondere geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen in den Blickmustern, die visuelle Verarbeitung und Leistung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben beeinflussen. Hierzu wurden drei Studien durchgeführt, die nicht nur die Identifikation von Blickmustern und die Analyse der Leistungsunterschiede in Bezug auf Geschlecht umfassen, sondern auch die Korrelation zwischen Blickverhalten und Leistung untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung bieten Einblicke in die Mechanismen der visuellen und kognitiven Verarbeitung bei mentalen Rotationsaufgaben und heben die Bedeutung des Eye-Tracking als Forschungsinstrument in der kognitiven Psychologie hervor, um ein umfassendes Verständnis der Einflussfaktoren auf räumliches Denken und Problemlösungsstrategien zu erlangen.