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The model evolution calculus
(2004)
The DPLL procedure is the basis of some of the most successful propositional satisfiability solvers to date. Although originally devised as a proof procedure for first-order logic, it has been used almost exclusively for propositional logic so far because of its highly inefficient treatment of quantifiers, based on instantiation into ground formulas. The recent FDPLL calculus by Baumgartner was the first successful attempt to lift the procedure to the first-order level without resorting to ground instantiations. FDPLL lifts to the first-order case the core of the DPLL procedure, the splitting rule, but ignores other aspects of the procedure that, although not necessary for completeness, are crucial for its effectiveness in practice. In this paper, we present a new calculus loosely based on FDPLL that lifts these aspects as well. In addition to being a more faithful litfing of the DPLL procedure, the new calculus contains a more systematic treatment of universal literals, one of FDPLL's optimizations, and so has the potential of leading to much faster implementations.
The Living Book is a system for the management of personalized and scenario specific teaching material. The main goal of the system is to support the active, explorative and selfdetermined learning in lectures, tutorials and self study. The Living Book includes a course on 'logic for computer scientists' with a uniform access to various tools like theorem provers and an interactive tableau editor. It is routinely used within teaching undergraduate courses at our university. This paper describes the Living Book and the use of theorem proving technology as a core component in the knowledge management system (KMS) of the Living Book. The KMS provides a scenario management component where teachers may describe those parts of given documents that are relevant in order to achieve a certain learning goal. The task of the KMS is to assemble new documents from a database of elementary units called 'slices' (definitions, theorems, and so on) in a scenario-based way (like 'I want to prepare for an exam and need to learn about resolution'). The computation of such assemblies is carried out by a model-generating theorem prover for first-order logic with a default negation principle. Its input consists of meta data that describe the dependencies between different slices, and logic-programming style rules that describe the scenario-specific composition of slices. Additionally, a user model is taken into account that contains information about topics and slices that are known or unknown to a student. A model computed by the system for such input then directly specifies the document to be assembled. This paper introduces the elearning context we are faced with, motivates our choice of logic and presents the newly developed calculus used in the KMS.
We aim to demonstrate that automated deduction techniques, in particular those following the model computation paradigm, are very well suited for database schema/query reasoning. Specifically, we present an approach to compute completed paths for database or XPath queries. The database schema and a query are transformed to disjunctive logic programs with default negation, using a description logic as an intermediate language. Our underlying deduction system, KRHyper, then detects if a query is satisfiable or not. In case of a satisfiable query, all completed paths -- those that fulfill all given constraints -- are returned as part of the computed models. The purpose of our approach is to dramatically reduce the workload on the query processor. Without the path completion, a usual XML query processor would search the database for solutions to the query. In the paper we describe the transformation in detail and explain how to extract the solution to the original task from the computed models. We understand this paper as a first step, that covers a basic schema/query reaÂsoning task by model-based deduction. Due to the underlying expressive logic formalism we expect our approach to easily adapt to more sophisticated problem settings, like type hierarchies as they evolve within the XML world.
Fehler in der Anforderungsanalyse führen häufig zu Misserfolgen in der Entwicklung von Softwaresystemen. Seit einiger Zeit wird versucht, diesem Problem durch Requirements- Engineering zu begegnen. Durch die frühe Beteiligung aller Stakeholder an der Entwicklung eines Systems sowie eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung und Analyse von Anforderungen an ein zu erstellendes System hat es als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung von Softwaresystemen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die steigende Komplexität moderner Softwaresysteme bringt jedoch eine gewaltige Menge an Informationen mit sich, die während der Analyse erfasst und verwaltet werden müssen. Dieser Informationsflut ist ohne Unterstützung durch entsprechende Software kaum beizukommen. Vor allem in größeren, räumlich verteilten Projekten wäre ein effektives Requirements-Engineering sonst kaum möglich. Es gibt inzwischen eine Vielzahl von Tools, die das Requirements-Engineering unterstützen. Diese Tools sind bereits seit geraumer Zeit im Einsatz und setzen in ihren aktuellsten Versionen die wichtigsten Konzepte des Requirements-Engineering um. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden einige dieser Tools im Hinblick auf Funktionsumfang und Verzeichnisstruktur untersucht. Besonderes Interesse galt der Verwaltung von Anforderungen und deren Abhängigkeiten untereinander. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden anschließend in ein Referenzmodell integriert.
Interactive video retrieval
(2006)
The goal of this thesis is to develop a video retrieval system that supports relevance feedback. One research approach of the thesis is to find out if a combination of implicit and explicit relevance feedback returns better retrieval results than a system using explicit feedback only. Another approach is to identify a model to weight existing feature categories. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art analysis is presented and two systems implemented, which run under the conditions of the international TRECVID workshop. It will be a basis system for further research approaches in the field of interactive video retrieval. Amongst others, it shall participate in the 2006 search task of the mentioned workshop.
Die hohen Infrastrukturkosten machen das Überprüfen von Theorien bezüglich großer Rechnernetze zu einer schwierigen und teuren Aufgabe. Ein möglicher Ansatz dieses Problem zu beheben ist die Verwendung von virtueller anstelle von physikalischer Infrastrukur. OPNets IT Guru ist ein Programm, das entworfen wurde zur Simulation großer Netze und zur Repräsentation relevanter Informationen. Es gestattet großflächige Änderungen zu testen oder Theorien zu überpruefen ohne den Aufwand einer physikalischen Infrastruktur.
Partielle Wissenskompilation
(2006)
Viele Probleme in der Aussagenlogik sind nur sehr aufwändig lösbar. Ist beispielsweise eine Wissensbasis gegeben, an die wir Anfragen stellen, wollen, so kann dies mitunter sehr mühsam sein. Um trotzdem effizient Anfragen beantworten zu können, hat sich die Vorgehensweise der Wissenskompilation entwickelt. Dabei wird die Lösung der Aufgabe in eine Offline- und eine Online-Phase aufgeteilt. In der Offline-Phase wird die Wissensbasis präkompiliert. Dabei wird sie in eine bestimmte Form umgewandelt, auf der sich die erwarteten Anfragen effizient beantworten lassen. Diese Transformation der Wissensbasis ist meist sehr aufwändig, muss jedoch nur einmalig durchgeführt werden. In der darauffolgenden Online-Phase können nun effizient Anfragen beantwortet werden. In dieser Diplomarbeit wird eine spezielle Normalform, die sich als Zielsprache der Präkompilation anbietet, untersucht. Außerdem wird die Präkompilation so in einzelne Schritte unterteilt, dass möglicherweise bereits nach einigen Teilschritten Anfragen beantwortet werden können.
Knowledge compilation is a common technique for propositional logic knowledge bases. The idea is to transform a given knowledge base into a special normal form ([MR03],[DH05]), for which queries can be answered efficiently. This precompilation step is very expensive but it only has to be performed once. We propose to apply this technique to knowledge bases defined in Description Logics. For this, we introduce a normal form, called linkless concept descriptions, for ALC concepts. Further we present an algorithm, based on path dissolution, which can be used to transform a given concept description into an equivalent linkless concept description. Finally we discuss a linear satisfiability test as well as a subsumption test for linkless concept descriptions.
The term "Augmented Reality (AR)" denotes the superposition of additional virtual objects and supplementary information over real images. The joint project Enhanced Reality (ER)1 aims at a generic AR-system. The ER-project is a cooperation of six different research groups of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Koblenz-Landau. According to Ronald Azuma an AR-system combines real and virtual environments, where the real and virtual objects are registered in 3-D, and it provides interactivity in real time [Azu97]. Enhanced Reality extends Augmented Reality by requiring the virtual objects to be seamlessly embedded into the real world as photo-realistic objects according to the exact lighting conditions. Furthermore, additional information supplying value-added services may be displayed and interaction of the user may even be immersive. The short-term goal of the ER-project is the exploration of ER-fundamentals using some specific research scenarios; the long-term goal is the development of a component-based ER-framework for the creation of ER-applications for arbitrary application areas. ER-applications are developed as single-user applications for users who are moving in a real environment and are wearing some kind of visual output device like see-through glasses and some mobile end device. By these devices the user is able to see reality as it is, but he can also see the virtual objects and the additional information about some value-added service. Furthermore he might have additional devices whereby he can interact with the available virtual objects. The development of a generic framework for ER-applications requires the definition of generic components which are customizable and composable to build concrete applications and it requires a homogeneous data model which supports all components equally well. The workgroup "Software Technology"2 is responsible for this subproject. This report gives some preliminary results concerning the derivation of a component-based view of ER. There are several augmented reality frameworks like ARVIKA, AMIRE, DWARF, MORGAN, Studierstube and others which offer some support for the development of AR-applications. All of them ease the use of existing subsystems like AR-Toolkit, OpenGL and others and leverage the generation process for realistic systems by making efficient use of those subsystems. Consequently, they highly rely on them.
Diese Studienarbeit soll eine Einführung in die Arbeit mit virtual network user mode linux (VNUML) geben. Mit Hilfe dieser Arbeit möchte ich speziell die Version VNUML 1.6 näher bringen und die wesentlichen Unterschiede, Vor- und Nachteile zur Version 1.5 zeigen. In den nächsten zwei Kapiteln wird auf das Thema VNUML und UML oberflächlich eingegangen. Das darauffolgende Kapitel befasst sich mit der Installation von VNUML 1.6, der Vorraussetzung und den möglichen Fehlermeldungen. Wenn dies abgeschlossen ist, wird VNUML 1.6 mit eigenen Beispielen ausfürlich, praktisch und theoretisch vorgestellt. Danach werden die wesentlichen Unterschiede von VNUML 1.5 zu VNUML 1.6 beschrieben. Zum Abschluss sind noch ein Kapitel mit kurzen Begriffsdefinitionen und der Anhang mit allen XML-Dateien zu finden. Auf den Aufbau einer XML-Datei möchte ich in meiner Arbeit nicht weiter eingehen. Dazu verweise ich auf die Arbeit von Thomas Chmielowiec und Tim Keupen. In diesen Arbeiten sind die XML-Syntax und Semantik ausfürlich beschrieben.
Der an der Universität Koblenz-Landau entwickelte RIP-MTI-Algorithmus stellt eine Modifikation des Routingalgorithmus RIP dar, die es dem RIP-Algorithmus ermöglichen soll, die Häufigkeit des Auftretens des Counting-to-infinity-Problems (CTI) zu reduzieren. Um die Korrektheit und Zuverlässigkeit dieses Algorithmus nachweisen, aber auch Schwächen aufdecken zu können, bedarf es der Möglichkeit, das Verhalten des Algorithmus zu testen. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Nutzbarmachung der von unter VNUML laufenden RIP-Routern dezentral verwalteten Routing-Informationen, um die Entstehung von CTIs zentral protokollieren und analysieren zu können. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Software entwickelt, die Informationen zur Netzkonfiguration, zu Erreichbarkeiten und Update-Aufkommen sammelt, verwaltet und analysiert. So können neben den bereits bekannten problematischen Netztopologien weitere für die einzelnen RIP-Ausprägungen problematische Topologien ermittelt werden.
Probability propagation nets
(2007)
A class of high level Petri nets, called "probability propagation nets", is introduced which is particularly useful for modeling probability and evidence propagation. These nets themselves are well suited to represent the probabilistic Horn abduction, whereas specific foldings of them will be used for representing the flows of probabilities and likelihoods in Bayesian networks.
In this paper we describe a series of projects on location based and personalised information systems. We start wit a basic research project and we show how we came with the help of two other more application oriented project to a product. This is developed by a consortium of enterprises and it already is in use in the city of Koblenz.
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized information within a pervasive university. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based CampusNews-system, both, from the administrator and the user viewpoint. We furthermore present first statistical data about the usage of the partial installation at the Koblenz campus together with an outlook to future work.
This paper shows how multiagent systems can be modeled by a combination of UML statecharts and hybrid automata. This allows formal system specification on different levels of abstraction on the one hand, and expressing real-time system behavior with continuous variables on the other hand. It is not only shown how multi-robot systems can be modeled by a combination of hybrid automata and hierarchical state machines, but also how model checking techniques for hybrid automata can be applied. An enhanced synchronization concept is introduced that allows synchronization taking time and avoids state explosion to a certain extent.
Networked RDF graphs
(2007)
Networked graphs are defined in this paper as a small syntactic extension of named graphs in RDF. They allow for the definition of a graph by explicitly listing triples as well as by SPARQL queries on one or multiple other graphs. By this extension it becomes possible to define a graph including a view onto other graphs and to define the meaning of a set of graphs by the way they reference each other. The semantics of networked graphs is defined by their mapping into logic programs. The expressiveness and computational complexity of networked graphs, varying by the set of constraints imposed on the underlying SPARQL queries, is investigated. We demonstrate the capabilities of networked graphs by a simple use case.
Hyper tableaux with equality
(2007)
In most theorem proving applications, a proper treatment of equational theories or equality is mandatory. In this paper we show how to integrate a modern treatment of equality in the hyper tableau calculus. It is based on splitting of positive clauses and an adapted version of the superposition inference rule, where equations used for paramodulation are drawn (only) from a set of positive unit clauses, the candidate model. The calculus also features a generic, semantically justified simplification rule which covers many redundancy elimination techniques known from superposition theorem proving. Our main results are soundness and completeness, but we briefly describe the implementation, too.