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To construct a business process model manually is a highly complex and error-prone task which takes a lot of time and deep insights into the organizational structure, its operations and business rules. To improve the output of business analysts dealing with this process, different techniques have been introduced by researchers to support them during construction with helpful recommendations. These supporting recommendation systems vary in their way of what to recommend in the first place as well as their calculations taking place under the hood to recommend the most fitting element to the user. After a broad introduction into the field of business process modeling and its basic recommendation structures, this work will take a closer look at diverse proposals and descriptions published in current literature regarding implementation strategies to effectively and efficiently assist modelers during their business process model creation. A critical analysis of presentations in the selected literature will point out strengths and weaknesses of their approaches, studies and descriptions of those. As a result, the final concept matrix in this work will give a precise and helpful overview about the key features and recommendation methods used and implemented in previous research studies to pinpoint an entry into future works without the downsides already spotted by fellow researchers.
The Internet of Things is still one of the most relevant topics in the field of economics and research powered by the increasing demand of innovative services. Cost reductions in manufacturing of IoT hardware and the development of completely new communication ways has led to the point of bil-lions of devices connected to the internet. But in order to rule this new IoT landscape a standardized solution to conquer these challenges must be developed, the IoT Architecture.
This thesis examines the structure, purpose and requirements of IoT Architecture Models in the global IoT landscape and proposes an overview across the selected ones. For that purpose, a struc-tured literature analysis on this topic is conducted within this thesis, including an analysis on three existing research approaches trying to frame this topic and a tool supported evaluation of IoT Archi-tecture literature with over 200 accessed documents.
Furthermore, a coding of literature with the help of the specialised coding tool ATLAS.ti 8 is conduct-ed on 30 different IoT Architecture Models. In a final step these Architecture Models are categorized and compared to each other showing that the environment of IoT and its Architectures gets even more complex the further the research goes.
Business Process Querying (BPQ) is a discipline in the field of Business Process Man- agement which helps experts to understand existing process models and accelerates the development of new ones. Its queries can fetch and merge these models, answer questions regarding the underlying process, and conduct compliance checking in return. Many languages have been deployed in this discipline but two language types are dominant: Logic-based languages use temporal logic to verify models as finite state machines whereas graph-based languages use pattern matching to retrieve subgraphs of model graphs directly. This thesis aims to map the features of both language types to features of the other to identify strengths and weaknesses. Exemplarily, the features of Computational Tree Logic (CTL) and The Diagramed Modeling Language (DMQL) are mapped to one another. CTL explores the valid state space and thus is better for behavioral querying. Lacking certain structural features and counting mechanisms it is not appropriate to query structural properties. In contrast, DMQL issues structural queries and its patterns can reconstruct any CTL formula. However, they do not always achieve exactly the same semantic: Patterns treat conditional flow as sequential flow by ignoring its conditions. As a result, retrieved mappings are invalid process execution sequences, i.e. false positives, in certain scenarios. DMQL can be used for behavioral querying if these are absent or acceptable. In conclusion, both language types have strengths and are specialized for different BPQ use cases but in certain scenarios graph-based languages can be applied to both. Integrating the evaluation of conditions would remove the need for logic-based languages in BPQ completely.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast-growing, technological concept, which aims to integrate various physical and virtual objects into a global network to enable interaction and communication between those objects (Atzori, Iera and Morabito, 2010). The application possibilities are manifold and may transform society and economy similarly to the usage of the internet (Chase, 2013). Furthermore, the Internet of Things occupies a central role for the realisation of visionary future concepts, for example, Smart City or Smart Healthcare. In addition, the utilisation of this technology promises opportunities for the enhancement of various sustainability aspects, and thus for the transformation to a smarter, more efficient and more conscious dealing with natural resources (Maksimovic, 2017). The action principle of sustainability increasingly gains attention in the societal and academical discourse. This is reasoned by the partly harmful consumption and production patterns of the last century (Mcwilliams et al., 2016). Relating to sustainability, the advancing application of IoT technology also poses risks. Following the precautionary principle, these risks should be considered early (Harremoës et al., 2001). Risks of IoT for sustainability include the massive amounts of energy and raw materials which are required for the manufacturing and operation of IoT objects and furthermore, the disposal of those objects (Birkel et al., 2019). The exact relations in the context of IoT and sustainability are insufficiently explored to this point and do not constitute a central element within the discussion of this technology (Behrendt, 2019). Therefore, this thesis aims to develop a comprehensive overview of the relations between IoT and sustainability.
To achieve this aim, this thesis utilises the methodology of Grounded Theory in combination with a comprehensive literature review. The analysed literature primarily consists of research contributions in the field of Information Technology (IT). Based on this literature, aspects, solution approaches, effects and challenges in the context of IoT and sustainability were elaborated. The analysis revealed two central perspectives in this context. IoT for Sustainability (IoT4Sus) describes the utilisation and usage of IoT-generated information to enhance sustainability aspects. In contrast, Sustainability for IoT (Sus4IoT) fo-cuses on sustainability aspects of the applied technology and highlights methods to reduce negative impacts, which are associated with the manufacturing and operation of IoT. Elaborated aspects and relations were illustrated in the comprehensive CCIS Framework. This framework represents a tool for the capturing of relevant aspects and relations in this context and thus supports the awareness of the link between IoT and sustainability. Furthermore, the framework suggests an action principle to optimise the performance of IoT systems regarding sustainability.
The central contribution of this thesis is represented by the providence of the CCIS Framework and the contained information regarding the aspects and relations of IoT and sustainability.
The main goal of this paper is to ascertain, if neural networks (especially LSTM) are helpful in predicting processes by making predictions as accurately as possible.
TensorFlow is the used framework in Python to build recurrent neural networks. Two networks are built, whereby one is used for training and the other one for prediction.
Used datasets contain several processes with several events each. With those processes, the network ist trained and afterwards, the parameters are saved. The network for prediction uses these parameters to make predictions.
The neural network is able to make clear predictions about subsequent events. Even branches can be predicted.
When developed further, integration in other programs is possible. It is recommended to use unique names for the events or to rename them.
The status of Business Process Management (BPM) recommender systems is not quite clear as research states. The use of recommenders familiarized itself with the world during the rise of technological evolution in the past decade.Ever since then, several BPM recommender systems came about. However, not a lot of research is conducted in this field. It is not well known to what broad are the technologies used and how are they used. Moreover, this master’s thesis aims at surveying the BPM recommender systems existing. Building on this, the recommendations come in different shapes. They can be positionbased where an element is to be placed at an element’s front, back or to autocomplete a missing link. On the other hand, Recommendations can be textual, to fill the labels of the elements. Furthermore, the literature review for BPM recommender systems took place under the guides of a literature review framework. The framework suggests 5stages of consecutive stages for this sake. The first stage is defining a scope for the research. Secondly, conceptualizing the topic by choosing key terms for literature research. After that in the third stage, comes the research stage.As for the fourth stage, it suggests choosing analysis features over which the literature is to be synthesized and compared. Finally, it recommends defining the research agenda to describe the reason for the literature review. By invoking the mentioned methodology, this master’s thesis surveyed 18 BPM recommender systems. It was found as a result of the survey that there
are not many different technologies for implementing the recommenders. It was also found that the majority of the recommenders suggest nodes that are yet to come in the model, which is called forward recommending. Also, one of the results of the survey indicated the scarce use of textual recommendations to BPM labels. Finally, 18 recommenders are considered less than excepted for a developing field therefore as a result, the survey found a shortage in the number of BPM recommender systems. The results indicate several shortages in several aspects in the field of BPM recommender systems. On this basis, this master’s thesis recommends the future work on it the results.
Recently the workflow control as well as compliance analysis of the Enterprise Resource Planning systems are of a high demand. In this direction, this thesis presents the potential of developing a Workflow Management System upon a large Enterprise Resource Planning system by involving business rule extraction, business process discovery, design of the process, integration and compliance analysis of the system. Towards this, usability, limitations and challenges of every applied approach are deeply explained in the case of an existing system named SHD ECORO.
Business rules have become an important tool to warrant compliance at their business processes. But the collection of these business rules can have various conflicting elements. This can lead to a violation of the compliance to be achieved. This conflicting elements are therefore a kind of inconsistencies, or quasi incon- sistencies in the business rule base. The target for this thesis is to investigate how those quasi inconsistencies in business rules can be detected and analyzed. To this aim, we develop a comprehensive library which allows to apply results from the scientific field of inconsistency measurement to business rule formalisms that are actually used in practice.
Social Network of Business Objects (SoNBO) is a concept for aggregating information distributed in he-terogeneous system landscapes and making it available via a single user interface. The central idea is to understand company information as a network (graph). There is already a SoNBO-Explorer which integrates the information of a customer relationship management system (CRM system). The challenge in configuring such an application is to identify the corporate network and thus find out how the stored data is linked within the company. A tool that can visualize the corporate network is helpful for this. In this thesis a selfdeveloped tool (SoNBO-Graph-App) is presented as a prototype, which realizes this visualization. With this application the configuration of the network in the SoNBO Explorer consisting of the merged data can be supported by carrying out that configuration on a graphical level. The prototype is connected to two different databases of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and allows the aggregation of these data so that it is displayed as a graph in an overview. This gives the user a better insight and understanding of the relationship between the different data. This work is part of the longterm research project SoNBO, whose goal is a concept for the integration of information from different business application systems.
The goal of this thesis is to create a recommender system (RS) for business processes, based on the existing ProM plugin RegPFA. To accomplish this task, firstly an interface must be created that sets up and expands a database receiving probabilistic finite automata (PFA) created by RegPFA in tsml format as input. Secondly, a Java program must be designed that uses said database to recommend the process elements that are most likely to follow a given sequence of process elements.
Engineering criminal agents
(2019)
This PhD thesis with the title "Engineering Criminal Agents" demonstrates the interplay of three different research fields captured in the title: In the centre are Engineering and Simulation, both set in relation with the application field of Criminology - and the social science aspect of the latter. More precisely,
this work intends to show how specific agent-based simulation models can be created using common methods from software engineering.
Agent-based simulation has proven to be a valuable method for social science since decades, and the trend to increasingly complex simulation models is apparent, not at least due to advancing computational and simulation techniques. An important cause of complexity is the inclusion of 'evidence' as basis of simulation models. Evidence can be provided by various stakeholders, reflecting their different viewpoints on the topic to model.
This poses a particular burden by interrelating the two relevant perspectives on the topic of simulation: on the one hand the user of the simulation model who provides the requirements and is interested in the simulation results, on the other hand the developer of the simulation model who has to program a verified and validated formal model. In order to methodically link these two perspectives, substantial efforts in research and development are needed, where this PhD thesis aims to make a contribution.
The practical results - in terms of software - were achieved by using the multi-faceted approach mentioned above: using methods from software engineering, in order to become able to apply methods from computational social sciences, in order to gain insights into social systems, such as in the internal dynamics of criminal networks.
The PhD thesis shows the research involved to create these practical results, and gives technical details and specifications of the developed software.
The frame for research and development to achieve these results was provided mainly by two research projects: OCOPOMO and GLODERS.
Retrospektive Analyse der Ausbreitung und dynamische Erkennung von Web-Tracking durch Sandboxing
(2018)
Aktuelle quantitative Analysen von Web-Tracking bieten keinen umfassenden Überblick über dessen Entstehung, Ausbreitung und Entwicklung. Diese Arbeit ermöglicht durch Auswertung archivierter Webseiten eine rückblickende Erfassung der Entstehungsgeschichte des Web-Trackings zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2015. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein geeignetes Werkzeug entworfen, implementiert, evaluiert und zur Analyse von 10000 Webseiten eingesetzt. Während im Jahr 2005 durchschnittlich 1,17 Ressourcen von Drittparteien eingebettet wurden, zeigt sich ein Anstieg auf 6,61 in den darauffolgenden 10 Jahren. Netzwerkdiagramme visualisieren den Trend zu einer monopolisierten Netzstruktur, in der bereits ein einzelnes Unternehmen 80 % der Internetnutzung überwachen kann.
Trotz vielfältiger Versuche, dieser Entwicklung durch technische Maßnahmen entgegenzuwirken, erweisen sich nur wenige Selbst- und Systemschutzmaßnahmen als wirkungsvoll. Diese gehen häufig mit einem Verlust der Funktionsfähigkeit einer Webseite oder mit einer Einschränkung der Nutzbarkeit des Browsers einher. Mit der vorgestellten Studie wird belegt, dass rechtliche Vorschriften ebenfalls keinen hinreichenden Schutz bieten. An Webauftritten von Bildungseinrichtungen werden Mängel bei Erfüllung der datenschutzrechtlichen Pflichten festgestellt. Diese zeigen sich durch fehlende, fehlerhafte oder unvollständige Datenschutzerklärungen, deren Bereitstellung zu den Informationspflichten eines Diensteanbieters gehören.
Die alleinige Berücksichtigung klassischer Tracker ist nicht ausreichend, wie mit einer weiteren Studie nachgewiesen wird. Durch die offene Bereitstellung funktionaler Webseitenbestandteile kann ein Tracking-Unternehmen die Abdeckung von 38 % auf 61 % erhöhen. Diese Situation wird durch Messungen von Webseiten aus dem Gesundheitswesen belegt und aus technischer sowie rechtlicher Perspektive bewertet.
Bestehende systemische Werkzeuge zum Erfassen von Web-Tracking verwenden für ihre Messung die Schnittstellen der Browser. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mit DisTrack ein Framework zur Web-Tracking-Analyse vorgestellt, welches eine Sandbox-basierte Messmethodik verfolgt. Dies ist eine Vorgehensweise, die in der dynamischen Schadsoftwareanalyse erfolgreich eingesetzt wird und sich auf das Erkennen von Seiteneffekten auf das umliegende System spezialisiert. Durch diese Verhaltensanalyse, die unabhängig von den Schnittstellen des Browsers operiert, wird eine ganzheitliche Untersuchung des Browsers ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise können systemische Schwachstellen im Browser aufgezeigt werden, die für speicherbasierte Web-Tracking-Verfahren nutzbar sind.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which connected physical objects are integrated into the virtual world to become active partakers of businesses and everyday processes (Uckelmann, Harrison and Michahelles, 2011; Shrouf, Ordieres and Miragliotta, 2014). It is expected to have a major impact on businesses (Council, Nic and Intelligence, 2008), but small and medium enterprises’ business models are threatened if they do not adopt the new concept (Sommer, 2015). Thus, this thesis aims to showcase a sample implementation of connected devices in a small enterprise, demonstrating its added benefits for the business.
Design Science Research (DSR) is used to develop a prototype based on a use case provided by a carpentry. The prototype comprises a hardware sensor and a web application which can be used by the wood shop to improve their processes. The thesis documents the iterative process of developing a prototype from the grounds up to useable hard- and software.
This contribution provides an example of how IoT can be used and implemented at a small business.
This thesis connects the endeavors of the winemaker’s intention in perfect and profitable wine making with an innovative technological application to use Internet of Things. Thereby the winemaker’s work may be supported and enriched – and enables until recent years still unthinkable optimization of managing and planning of his business, including close state control of different areas of his vineyard, and more than that, not ending up with the single grapevine. It is exemplarily shown in this thesis how to measure, transmit, store and make data available, exemplarily demonstrated with “live” temperature, air and soil humidity values from the vineyard. A modular architecture was designed for the system presented, which allows the use of current sensors, and similar low-voltage sensors, which will be developed in the future.
By using IoT devices in the vineyard, the winemaker advances to a new quality of precision of forecasted data, starting from live data of his vineyard. Of more and more importance, the winemaker can start immediate action, when unforeseen heavy weather conditions occur. Immediate use of current data enabled by a Cloud Infrastructure. For this system, an open service infrastructure is employed. In contrast to other published commercial approaches, the described solution is based on open source.
As an alone-standing part of this work, a physical prototype for measuring relevant parameters in the vineyard was de-novo designed and developed until fulfilling the set of specifications. The outlined features and requirements for a functioning data collection and autonomously transmitting device was developed, described, and the fulfilment by the prototype device were demonstrated. Through literature research and supportive orientationally live interviews of winemakers, the theory and the practical application were synchronized and qualified.
For the development of the prototype the general principles of development of an electronic device were followed, in particular the Design Science Research development rules, and principles of Quality Function Deployment. As a characteristic of the prototype, some principles like re-use of approved construction and material price of the building blocks of the device were taken into consideration as well (e.g. housing; Arduino; PCB). Parts reduction principles, decomplexation and simplified assembly, testing and field service were integrated to the development process by the modular design of the functional vineyard device components, e.g. with partial reference to innovative electrical cabinet construction system Modular-3.
The software architectural concept is based on a three-layer architecture inclusive the TTN infrastructure. The front end is realized as a rich web client, using a WordPress plugin. WordPress was chosen due to the wide adoption through the whole internet, enabling fast and easy user familiarization. Relevant quality issues have been tested and discussed in the view of exemplary functionality, extensibility, requirements fulfilment, as usability and durability of the device and the software.
The prototype was characterized and tested with success in the laboratory and in field exposition under different conditions, in order to allow a measurement and analysis of the fulfilment of all requirements by the selected and realized electronic construction and layout.
The solution presented may serve as a basis for future development and application in this special showcase and within similar technologies. A prognosis of future work and applications concludes this work.
Entwicklung eines Social Collaboration Analytics Dashboard-Prototyps für Beiträge von UniConnect
(2018)
Seit der vergangenen Dekade steigt die Nutzung von sogenannten Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) in Unternehmen. Diese versprechen sich mit der Einführung eines solchen zur Gattung der Social Software gehörenden Kollaborationssystems, die menschliche Kommunikation und Kooperation der eigenen Mitarbeiter zu verbessern. Durch die Integration von Funktionen, wie sie aus Social Media bekannt sind, entstehen große Mengen an Daten. Darunter befinden sich zu einem erheblichen Teil textuelle Daten, die beispielsweise mit Funktionen wie Blogs, Foren, Statusaktualisierungen oder Wikis erstellt wurden. Diese in unstrukturierter Form vorliegenden Daten bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Analyse und Auswertung mittels Methoden des Text Mining. Die Forschung belegt dazu jedoch, dass Umsetzungen dieser Art momentan nicht gebräuchlich sind. Aus diesem Grund widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit diesem Mangel. Ziel ist die Erstellung eines Dashboard-Prototyps, der sich im Rahmen von Social Collaboration Analytics (SCA) mit der Auswertung von textuellen Daten befasst. Analyseziel ist die Identifikation von populären Themen, die innerhalb von Communities oder communityübergreifend von den Plattformnutzern in den von ihnen erstellten Beiträgen aufgegriffen werden. Als Datenquelle wurde das auf IBM Connections aufbauende ECS UniConnect ausgewählt. Dieses wird vom University Competence Center for Collaboration Technologies (UCT) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau betrieben. Grundlegend für die korrekte Funktionsweise des Dashboards sind mehrere Java-Klassen, deren Umsetzungen auf verschiedenen Methoden des Text Mining basieren. Vermittelt werden die Analyseergebnisse im Dashboard durch verschiedene Diagrammarten, Wordclouds und Tabellen.
Smart Building Solutions - Generischer Ansatz für die Identifikation von Raumsteuerungsfunktionen
(2018)
40 percent of current housing and real estate companies plan to integrate intelligent control systems into their properties during new construction and modernization. At the same time, Internet companies are pushing their devices into homes and apartments, promising intelligent services for their users. The term "Smart Home" is used for both types of new technologies. The first group of systems has its origins in the field of "Building Automation", the second group developed from the concept of the "Internet of Things".
In order to discover what the differences are and what common foundations exist, both the areas of Building Automation and Internet of Things are analyzed and compared.
The central contribution of this thesis is the realization that both domains are based on similar concepts and an integration is possible, without compromising the integrity of the systems themselves. In addition, the work provides an approach to designing Building Automation Systems with the integration of the Internet of Things.
During the last couple of years the extension of the internet into the real world, also referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), was positively affected by an ongoing digitalization (Mattern and Floerkemeier, 2010; Evans, 2013). Furthermore, one of the most active IoT domains is the personal health ecosystem (Steele and Clarke, 2013). However, this thesis proposes a gamification framework which is supported and enabled by IoT to bring personal health and IoT together in the context of health-insurances. By examining gamification approaches and identifying the role of IoT in such, a conceptual model of a gamification approach was created which indicates where and how IoT is ap-plicable to it. Hence, IoT acts as enabler and furthermore as enhancer of gamified activities. Especial-ly the necessity of wearable devices was highlighted. A stakeholder analysis shed light on respective benefits which concluded in the outcome, that IoT enabled two paradigm shifts for both, the insur-ance and their customer. While taking the results of the examination and the stakeholder analysis as input, the previously made insights were used to develop an IoT supported gamification framework. The framework includes a multi-level structure which is meant to guide through the process of creat-ing an approach but also to analyze already existing approaches. Additionally, the developed frame-work was instantiated based on the application Pokémon Go to identify occurring issues and explain why it failed to retain their customer in the long term. The thesis provides a foundation on which fur-ther context related research can be orientated.
Social Business Documents: An Investigation of their Nature, Structure and Long-term Management
(2018)
Business documents contain valuable information. In order to comply with legal requirements, to serve as organisational knowledge and to prevent risks they need to be managed. However, changes in technology with which documents are being produced introduced new kinds of documents and new ways of interacting with documents. Thereby, the web 2.0 led to the development of Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS), which enable employees to use wiki, blog or forum applications for conducting their business. Part of the content produced in ECS can be called Social Business Documents (SBD). Compared to traditional digital documents SBD are different in their nature and structure as they are, for example, less well-structured and do not follow a strict lifecycle. These characteristics bring along new management challenges. However, currently research literature lacks investigations on the characteristics of SBD, their peculiarities and management.
This dissertation uses document theory and documentary practice as theoretical lenses to investigate the new challenges of the long-term management of SBD in ECS. By using an interpretative, exploratory, mixed methods approach the study includes two major research parts. First, the nature and structure of Social Business Documents is addressed by analysing them within four different systems using four different modelling techniques each. The findings are used to develop general SBD information models, outlining the basic underlying components, structure, functions and included metadata, as well as a broad range of SBD characteristics. The second phase comprises a focus group, a case study including in-depth interviews and a questionnaire, all conducted with industry representatives. The focus group identified that the kind of SBD used for specific content and the actual place of storage differ between organisations as well as that there are currently nearly no management practices for SBD at hand. The case study provided deep insights into general document management activities and investigated requirements, challenges and actions for managing SBD. Finally, the questionnaire consolidated and deepened the previous findings. It provides insights about the value of SBD, their current management practices as well as management challenges and needs. Despite all participating organisations storing information worth managing in SBD most are not addressing them with management activities and many challenges remain.
Together, the investigations enable a contribution to practice and theory. The progress in practice is summarised through a framework, addressing the long-term management of Social Business Documents. The framework identifies and outlines the requirements and challenges of and the actions for SBD management. It also indicates the dependencies of the different aspects. Furthermore, the findings enable the progress in theory within documentary practice by discussing the extension of document types to include SBD. Existing problems are outlined along the definitions of records and the newly possible characteristics of documents emerging through Social Business Documents are taken into account.
Companies try to utilise Knowledge Management (KM) to gain more efficiency and effectiveness in business. The major problem is that most of these KM projects are not or rarely based on sustainable analyses or established theories about KM. Often there is a big gap between the expectations and the real outcome of such KM initiatives. So the research question to be answered is: What challenges arise in KM projects, which KM requirements can be derived from them and which recommendations support the goal of meeting the requirements for KM? As theoretical foundation a set of KM frameworks is examined. Subsequently KM challenges from literature are analysed and best practices from case studies are used to provide recommendations for action on this challenges. The main outcome of this thesis is a best practice guideline,which allows Chief Knowledge Officers (CKOs) and KM project managers to examine the challenges mentioned in this thesis closely, and to find a suitable method to master these challenge in an optimal way. This guideline shows that KM can be positively and negatively influenced in a variety of ways. Mastering Knowledge Management (KM) in a company is a big and far-reaching venture and that technology respectively Information Technology (IT) is only a part of the big picture.
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird eine Methode zur anwendungsbasierten Verknüpfung von Anforde-rungen und Enterprise Collaboration Softwarekompenten vorgestellt. Basierend auf dem etablierten IRESS Modell wird dabei ein praxistaugliches Mappingschema entwickelt, welches Use Cases über Kol-laborationsszenarien, Collaborative Features und Softwarekomponenten mit ECS verbindet. Somit las-sen sich Anforderungen von Unterhemen in Form von Use Cases und Kollaborationsszenarien model-lieren und anschließend über das Mappingschema mit konkreten ECS verbinden. Zusätzlich wird eine Methodik zur Identifikation von in Softwarekomponenten enthaltenen Collaborative Features vorge-stellt und exemplarisch angewandt.
Anschließend wird ein Konzept für eine Webapplikation entworfen, welches das vorgestellte Mapping automatisiert durchführt, und somit nach Eingabe der Anforderungen in Form vom Use Cases oder Kol-laborationsszenarien, die ECS ausgibt, die eben diese Anforderungen unterstützen.