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Institute
This thesis is about the design and the implementation of a virtual reality experience. The goal is to answer two questions: Is it possible to create an immersive virtual reality experience which is mainly using impulses and triggers to scare and frighten users? Secondly, is this immersion strong enough to create an illusion in which the user can't separate the real world from the virtual world? To realise this project the design program Unity3D as well as Visual Studios 2017 were used. Furthermore, in order to verify that the experience is indeed immersive for the user, an experiment with a sample size of seven people was created. Afterwards the candidates were interviewed via a questionnaire how they felt during the virtual reality application. As a result the study showed that the application has tendencies to be immersive but the users were still aware of the situation. It can be concluded that the immersion was not strong enough to fool users regarding the separation of virtual and real world.
Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer hardwarebeschleunigten Einzelbildkompression zur Videoübertragung. Verfahren zur Einzelbildkompressionrn existieren bereits seit längerer Zeit. Jedoch genügen die gängigen Verfahren nicht den Anforderungen der Echtzeit und Performanz, um während einer Videoübertragung ohne spürbare Latenz zum Einsatz zu kommen. In dieser Arbeit soll einer der geläufigsten Algorithmen zur Bildkompression auf Parallelisierbarkeit, unter zu Hilfenahme der Grafikkarte, untersucht werden, um Echtzeitfähigkeit während der Kompression und Dekompression von computergenerierten Bildern zu erreichen. Die Ergebnisse werden evaluiert und in den Rahmen aktueller Verfahren parallelisierter Kompressionstechniken eingeordnet.
Development of an Android Application for the Recognition and Translation of Words in Camera Scenes
(2012)
This bachelor- thesis describes the conception and implementation of a translation software for the Android platform. The specific feature of the software is the independent text recognition based on the view of the camera. This approach aims to enhance and accelerate the process of translation in certain situations. After an introduction into text recognition, the underlying technologies and the operation system Android useful applications are described. Then the concept of the software is created and the implementation examined. Finally an evaluation is conducted to identify strengths and weaknesses of the software.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt den Entwurf und die Umsetzung einer prototypischen Android-Applikation zum Dokumentieren von Reiserouten. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die grundlegenden Aspekte des Reisens, der notwendigen Hilfsmittel sowie das Betriebssystem Android wird das Konzept und die Anforderungen an die Anwendung vorgestellt. Anschließend werden die Realisierung der Implementierung erläutert und die Ergebnisse der Evaluation offengelegt.
A special challenge of the basic musical education of children is to give them an understanding of reading and writing musical scores. During the training of young choristers it is furthermore important to educate them in directly transforming the written scores into sounds.
Therefore it is an interesting idea to play the sounds to the children via piano or keyboard and simultaneously present them on a screen in musical notation.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the implementation of such a system that allows to enter scores using a MIDI-compatible keyboard and then depicting these as musical notation. The prototype of the application operates in three steps. It receives the musical scores via keyboard in form of MIDIdatasets. These MIDI-information are converted to the MusicXML-format. Based on this MusicXML-notation the software finally generates and displays the visual output.
This bachelor thesis investigates the utilization of the Wii Balance Board
in virtual reality applications. For the investigation a snowboard game is
implemented, in which the virtual avatar can be controlled with the pressure
sensors of the Wii Balance Board. The user should be able to move
playfully and intuitively through the virtual environment by balancing his
body. The immersiveness and the influence on motion sickness and cybersickness
will be investigated. In Addition, the Wii Balance Board will be
compared with the Xbox Controller. The aim of the work is to evaluate
whether the Wii Balance Board is able to allow free movement in virtual
environments and whether it is more advantageous to use it rather than
a conventional controller. The results of the survey indicate that the Wii
Balance Board has a positive influence on the immersivness of the game,
despite better game results by using a conventional controller. The survey
also reveals that the use of the Wii Balance Board is responsible for more
motion-sickness/cybersickness cases.
In dieser Arbeit wurden effektive und flexible Ansätze zur Erstellung von Shaderprogrammen für grafikkartenbasiertes Volumenrendering untersucht sowie ein Framework mit diesem Einsatzzweck konzipiert und prototypisch umgesetzt. Dazu wurden zunächst Ansätze zur Metaprogrammierung von Shadern vorgestellt, die Programmiersprachen für Shader um zusätzliche Möglichkeiten zur Kapselung von Code erweitern. Eine Umfrage zu Anforderungen an Volumenrendering bei MEVIS zeigte, dass dort ein Shaderframework für Volumenrendering ein Expertenwerkzeug wäre.Der Analyseteil stellte die zentralen Anforderungen an das zu erstellende Framework vor: Erstellung von Shadern des Volumenrenderers mittels Rapid Prototyping, modularer Aufbau der Shaderprogramme, Eignung für verschiedene Volumenrendering-Algorithmen und die Möglichkeit detaillierter Anpassungen am Volumenrendering-Shader, um für den Einsatz durch Experten geeignet zu sein.
Diese Arbeit macht sich zur Aufgabe, das effiziente Navigieren in virtuellen Szenen näher zu betrachten, um bereits bestehende Navigationsmetaphern genauer zu erforschen und für unterschiedliche Einsatzgebiete anwendbar zu machen. Betrachtet werden Softwareprodukte für durchschnittliche Desktop-Benutzer, die mit Standard-Eingabegeräten arbeiten. Hierzu werden zunächst bestehende Navigationsmetaphern analysiert und Möglichkeiten der Benutzerperspektive sowie andere Hilfsmittel im Hinblick auf ihr aktuelles Anwendungsgebiet diskutiert. Anschließend wird ein theoretisches Testszenario erstellt, in dem alle analysierten Metaphern betrachtet und verglichen werden können. Ein Teil dieses Szenarios wird praktisch umgesetzt, in eine Testumgebung integriert und anhand von Benutzertests evaluiert. Zuletzt werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, inwiefern die betrachteten Navigationsmetaphern in verschiedenen Einsatzgebieten sinnvoll und effizient anwendbar gemacht werden können.
In dieser Diplomarbeit wurde eine Echtzeitanwendung entwickelt, die Gras darstellt und zugleich äußere Einflüsse wie Wind oder Kollisionen auf das Gras berücksichtigt. Ein Level-of-Detail-System ermöglicht die Darstellung und Physiksimulation einer großen Wiese in drei Stufen. Semi-transparente Texturquads zur Darstellung und Partikel mit Constraints an der Stelle der Graspatches stellen die feinste Detailstufe in allernächster Nähe zum Betrachter dar. Die Partikel, die nur auf der feinsten Detailstufe verwendet werden, werden mittels einer Physik-Engine berechnet und reagieren auf verschiedene Starrkörper. Die zweite Detailstufe besteht ebenfalls aus Texturquads, die um das erste Detaillevel herum generiert werden. Diese sind jedoch spärlicher verteilt, sehen auf Grund der Distanz zum Betrachter allerdings identisch mit denen aus der ersten Stufe aus. Als letzte Repräsentationsform von Gras kommt eine einfache Bodentextur zur Anwendung. Durch dieses Level-of-Detail-System ist es möglich eine unendlich große Wiese zu simulieren, da die Gräser zur Laufzeit generiert werden. Ein umfangreiches Benutzerinterface ermöglicht die Veränderung einiger Simulationsparameter in Echtzeit und die Generierung verschieden großer Rasenflächen. Zusätzlich lassen sich verschiedene Objekte in der Simulationsumgebung bewegen um die Kollisionsbehandlung testen zu können.
Shadows add a level of realism to a rendered image. Furthermore, they support the user of an augmented reality application through the interactions of virtual objects. The reason for this is that shadows make it easier to judge the position and the size of a virtual object. In 1978, Lance Williams published the shadow mapping algorithm with the aim to render a shadow of objects in a virtual scene. This master thesis presents a modified shadow mapping approach that can additionally be used in Augmented/Mixed Reality applications. First of all the standard algorithm ist extended by a PCF-filter. This filter is used to handle the aliasing-problem on the edges of the shadow and also to soften the shadow. Phantom objects are necessary to be able to operate this approach in a Mixed Reality application. These objects simulate the position and the geometry of the real objects for the algorithm. The approach consists of three steps: First the camera image is drawn into the framebuffer. After that a shadow map, of the virtual objects only, is created. When rendering these objects shadow mapping creates the shadows of virtual objects onto other virtual objects and on themselves. Afterwards the phantom objects are rendered. The depth test is performed on the fragment shader. If a fragment lies in a shadowed region it will get the color of the shadow. However, if it is beeing lit its transpareny value will be set to 1 so that it will not be seen. By applying this procedure all shadows from the virtual objects onto the real objects will be drawn. The results show that the approach can be used in real time in Mixed Reality environments. Additionally a comparison with a modified version of a shadow volume algorithm that can also be used for Mixed Reality applications shows that the approach of this master thesis casts a more realistic shadow in a shorter period of time. All in all this approach increases the level of realism in augmented reality applications and it helps the user measure distances and sizes of the virtual objects more easily.
This thesis explores different approaches for the acceleration of raytracing calculations on the graphics processing unit (GPU). For that a voxel grid is used and extended by the linespace data structure. The linespace consists of direction based shafts and stores the objects located in those shafts in a candidate list. Different methods for the sorting and traversal of the linespace are presented and evaluated. The shown methods cannot provide a speed up of the frame rate without resulting in a loss of image quality.
Dynamisches Tone Mapping einer High Dynamic Range Echtzeit 3D-Umgebung mit der Grafik Hardware
(2007)
Im Laufe der Zeit fallen in einem Unternehmen große Mengen von Daten und Informationen an. Die Daten stehen im Zusammenhang mit unternehmensinternen Vorgängen, mit dem Marktumfeld, in dem das Unternehmen positioniert ist, und auch mit den Wettbewerbern. Sie sind vielfältiger Art, normalerweise inhomogen und aus verteilten Datenquellen zu beziehen. Um in dieser Flut von Daten die Übersicht zu behalten, die Menge an Informationen effektiv für das Unternehmen nutzbar zu machen, vor allem auch nachhaltig für kommende Entscheidungsfindungen, müssen die Daten analysiert und integriert werden. Diese Optimierung der Entscheidungsfindung durch Zugang zu Informationen, deren Analyse und Auswertung wird häufig unter dem Begriff "Business Intelligence" zusammengefasst. Der Wert der vorhandenen Informationen hängt stark von dem erwähnten Zugang und einer ausdrucksstarken Repräsentation ab. RIA-Techniken ermöglichen eine einfache Verfügbarkeit der verarbeiteten Geschäftsdaten über Inter- und Intranet ohne große Anforderungen an ihre Nutzbarkeit zu stellen. Sie bieten zudem spezialisierte leistungsfähige und in großem Maße programmierbare Visualisierungstechniken. Die Diplomarbeit soll zwei Schwerpunkte habe. Zum Einen wird sie sich mit Arten der Informationsvisualisierung im Allgemeinen und deren Eignung für Geschäfsdaten beschäftigen. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Daten und Informationen in Management-Informationsberichten. Ziel ist eine Visualisierungsform, die es dem Nutzer ermöglicht, die zu kommunizierenden Informationen effizient auszuwerten. Zum anderen untersucht die Diplomarbeit die Vor- und Nachteile des Einsatzes von RIAs. Der Implementierungsteil umfasst eine RIA als "Proof of Concept", deren Hauptaugenmerk auf eine dynamische Interaktion und optimierte Informationsvisualisierung gerichtet sein soll. Die Diplomarbeit wird bei der Altran CIS in Koblenz durchgeführt.
The development of a game engine is considered a non-trivial problem. [3] The architecture of such simulation software must be able to manage large amounts of simulation objects in real-time while dealing with “crosscutting concerns” [3,p. 36] between subsystems. The use of object oriented paradigms to model simulation objects in class hierarchies has been reported as incompatible with constantly changing demands during game development [2, p. 9], resulting in anti-patterns and eventual, messy refactoring.[13]
Alternative architectures using data oriented paradigms revolving around object composition and aggregation have been proposed as a result. [13, 9, 1, 11]
This thesis describes the development of such an architecture with the explicit goals to be simple, inherently compatible with data oriented design, and to make reasoning about performance characteristics possible. Concepts are formally defined to help analyze the problem and evaluate results. A functional implementation of the architecture is presented together with use cases common to simulation software.
Procedural content generation, the generation of video game content using pseudo-random algorithms, is a field of increasing business and academic interest due to its suitability for reducing development time and cost as well as the possibility of creating interesting, unique game spaces. Although many contemporary games feature procedurally generated content, the author perceived a lack of games using this approach to create realistic outer-space game environments, and the feasibility of employing procedural content generations in such a game was examined. Using current scientific models, a real-time astronomical simulation was developed in Python which generates star and planets object in a fictional galaxy procedurally to serve as the game space of a simple 2D space exploration game where the player has to search for intelligent life.
Magnetic resonance (MR) tomography is an imaging method, that is used to expose the structure and function of tissues and organs in the human body for medical diagnosis. Diffusion weighted (DW) imaging is a specific MR imaging technique, which enables us to gain insight into the connectivity of white matter pathways noninvasively and in vivo. It allows for making predictions about the structure and integrity of those connections. In clinical routine this modality finds application in the planning phase of neurosurgical operations, such as in tumor resections. This is especially helpful if the lesion is deeply seated in a functionally important area, where the risk of damage is given. This work reviews the concepts of MR imaging and DW imaging. Generally, at the current resolution of diffusion weighted data, single white matter axons cannot be resolved. The captured signal rather describes whole fiber bundles. Beside this, it often appears that different complex fiber configurations occur in a single voxel, such as crossings, splittings and fannings. For this reason, the main goal is to assist tractography algorithms who are often confound in such complex regions. Tractography is a method which uses local information to reconstruct global connectivities, i.e. fiber tracts. In the course of this thesis, existing reconstruction methods such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and q-ball imaging (QBI) are evaluated on synthetic generated data and real human brain data, whereas the amount of valuable information provided by the individual reconstruction mehods and their corresponding limitations are investigated. The output of QBI is the orientation distribution function (ODF), where the local maxima coincides with the underlying fiber architecture. We determine those local maxima. Furthermore, we propose a new voxel-based classification scheme conducted on diffusion tensor metrics. The main contribution of this work is the combination of voxel-based classification, local maxima from the ODF and global information from a voxel- neighborhood, which leads to the development of a global classifier. This classifier validates the detected ODF maxima and enhances them with neighborhood information. Hence, specific asymmetric fibrous architectures can be determined. The outcome of the global classifier are potential tracking directions. Subsequently, a fiber tractography algorithm is designed that integrates along the potential tracking directions and is able to reproduce splitting fiber tracts.
Deformable Snow Rendering
(2019)
Accurate snow simulation is key to capture snow's iconic visuals. Intricate
methods exist that attempt to grasp snow behaviour in a holistic manner. Computational complexity prevents them from reaching real-time performance. This thesis presents three techniques making use of the GPU that focus on the deformation of a snow surface in real-time. The approaches are examined by their ability to scale with an increasing number of deformation actors and their visual portrayal of snow deformation. The findings indicate that the approaches maintain real-time performance well into several hundred individual deformation actors. However, these approaches each have their individual restrictions handicapping the visual results. An experimental approach is to combine the techniques at reduced deformation actor count to benefit from the detailed, merged deformation pattern.
This thesis presents an approach to optimizing the computation of soft shadows from area lights. The light source is sampled uniformly by traversing shadow rays as packets through an N-tree. This data structure stores an additional line space for every node. A line space stores precomputed information about geometry inside of shafts from one to another side of the node. This visibility information is used to terminate a ray. Additionally the graphics processing unit (short GPU) is used to speed up the computations through parallelism. The scene is rendered with OpenGL and the shadow value is computed on the GPU for each pixel. Evaluating the implementation shows a performance gain of 86% by comparison to the CPU, if using the GPU implementation. Using the line space instead of triangle intersections also increases the performance. The implementation provides good scaling with an increasing amount of triangles and has no visual disadvantages for many rays.
In recent years head mounted displays (HMD) and their abilities to create virtual realities comparable with the real world moved more into the focus of press coverage and consumers. The reason for this lies in constant improvements in available computing power, miniaturisation of components as well as the constantly shrinking power consumption. These trends originate in the general technical progress driven by advancements made in smartphone sector. This gives more people than ever access to the required components to create these virtual realities. However at the same time there is only limited research which uses the current generation of HMDs especially when comparing the virtual and real world against each other. The approach of this thesis is to look into the process of navigating both real and virtual spaces while using modern hardware and software. One of the key areas are the spatial and peripheral perception without which it would be difficult to navigate a given space. The influence of prior real and virtual experiences on these will be another key aspect. The final area of focus is the influence on the emotional state and how it compares to the real world. To research these influences a experiment using the Oculus Rift DK2 HMD will be held in which subjects will be guided through a real space as well as a virtual model of it. Data will be gather in a quantitative manner by using surveys. Finally, the findings will be discussed based on a statistical evaluation. During these tests the different perception of distances and room size will the compared and how they change based on the current reality. Furthermore, the influence of prior spatial activities both in the real and the virtual world will looked into. Lastly, it will be checked how real these virtual worlds are and if they are sufficiently sophisticated to trigger the same emotional responses as the real world.
This thesis tests several methods and measures in pathtracing for selecting either the Line Space or the Bounding Volume Hierarchy data structure to make use of the advantages of both. The structures are defined locally around each object and each Line Space shaft contains one candidate ID each. All implementation is done as a C++ and OpenGL framework with compute shaders handling the pathtracing and Line Space generation. The measures include the probability distribution, the effect dependency, as well as a distance threshold and are tested against several different scenes. In most situations, the results show a noticeable increase in performance, partly only with minor visual differences, with the probability measure producing the highest quality images for a given performance. The fundamental problems of the Line Space concering the high memory consumption and a long generation time compared to the BVH still persist, despite the object local structure, a minimal amount of data per shaft and the compute shader implementation.
Simulation of fractures
(2014)
Real-time computing often avoids the simulation of fractures due to its complexity. The field of engineering science provides methods to create these simulations to improve games and other applications. Steadily rising computer capacities allow suitable simulations on a real-time basis and make this aspect increasingly interesting. The topic and aim of this research is to simulate fractures of stiff bodies. The primary objective is the physical plausibility and performance of the application. This thesis analyses the potential of computer science to realize the simulation of fractures.
Three existing as well as one self-created were implemented and analysed. The works "Real time simulation of deformation and Fracture of stiff material" from Müller et al., "real time simulation of Brittle Fracture using Modal analysis" from Glondu et al. and "Fast and Controllable simulation of the Shattering of Brittle Objects" from Smith et al. form the basis of this thesis. The introduced methods use different computation of forces and fractures. The developed procedure uses the idea of generating secondary breaks. The approaches were implemented based on the Bullet physics-engine. The results of the work show that physically based breaks are realizable on a real-time basis.
The analysis of the physical methods demonstrates that their performance mainly depends on the constitution of the used objects. This thesis shows that the further investigation of this topic can discover new possibilities. The improvement of the realism in virtual worlds can be achieved by executing physically plausible methods.
Bildsynthese durch Raytracing gewinnt durch Hardware-Unterstützung in Verbraucher-Grafikkarten eine immer größer werdende Relevanz. Der Linespace dient dabei als eine neue, vielversprechende Beschleunigungsstruktur. Durch seine richtungsbasierte Natur ist es sinnvoll, ihn in andere Datenstrukturen zu integrieren. Bisher wurde er in ein Uniform-Grid integriert. Problematisch werden einheitlich große Voxel allerdings bei Szenen mit variierbarem Detailgrad. Diese Arbeit führt den adaptiven Linespace ein, eine Kombination aus Octree und Linespace. Die Struktur wird hinsichtlich ihrer Beschleunigungsfähigkeit untersucht und mit dem bisherigen Grid-Ansatz verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass der adaptive Linespace für hohe Grid-Auflösungen besser skaliert, durch eine ineffiziente GPU-Nutzung allerdings keine optimalen Werte erzielt.
The present thesis describes the development of an OpenGL-based tool visualizing cavities of proteins, which can be observed during a static docking simulation. The goal is to achieve knowledge about interactions between proteins and ligands based on information about distances between them. At first chemical basics, which motivate the topic and are important for understanding the topic and the used algorithms, are presented. Furthermore existing software, which deals with similar issues, is described. Next the prerequisites for the development of the program are presented and the tool is described in detail. Concluding the tool is evaluated concerning performance and usage and a summarizing conclusion is given. The program turns out as a helpful tool for current research and a good base for further and deeper research projects.
This thesis deals with the development of an authoring system for modeling 3D environments with physical description. In contrast to creating scenes in other common modeling tools, one can now compute and describe physical entities of a scene additional to the usual geometry. It is very important for those authoring systems to be extendable and customizable for specific requirement of the user. The focus lies on developing simple program architecture, which is easy to extend and to modify.
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of an application for the Microsoft HoloLens. The application is used for the marketing of advertis- ing spaces that belongs to the company awk AUSSENWERBUNG GmbH. On basis of the development, the question is answered which are the pos- sibilities and limitations of the HoloLens and the Mixed Reality Platform. Problems are also addressed, that come along with the development of an application for such a new technology, like the HoloLens is. Beside the new technologies, some challenges come also from the applications oper- ational locations. Several application examples and presentations suggest, that the HoloLens is primarily designed for indoor usage. Instead the de- veloped application is for outdoor use only. During the development, sev- eral insights can be gained about this new technology. On the one hand it becomes clear, that the HoloLens and also the development environment aren’t completely matured yet. On the other hand, that the HoloLens isn’t an outdoor device at all. Despite the difficulties during the development, there occur many possibilities that are associated with this new technology.
A Kinect device has the ability to record color and depth images simultaneously. This thesis is an attempt to use the depth image to manipulate lighting information and material properties in the color image. The presented method of lighting and material manipulation needs a light simulation of the lighting conditions at the time of recording the image. It is used to transform information from a new light simulation directly back into the color image. Since the simulations are performed on a three-dimensional model, a way is searched to generate a model out of single depth image. At the same time the text will react to the problems of the depth data acquisition of the Kinect sensor. An editor is designed to make lighting and material manipulations possible. To generate a light simulation, some simple, real-time capable rendering methods and lighting modells are proposed. They are used to insert new illumination, shadows and reflections into the scene. Simple environments with well defined lighting conditions are manipulated in experiments to show boundaries and possibilities of the device and the techniques being used.
Augmented Reality ist eine neuartige, auf vielen Gebieten einsetzbare Technologie. Eines dieser Gebiete ist die Touristeninformation. Hier ermöglicht die AR dem Anwender eine schier endlose Fülle der verschiedensten Möglichkeiten. Mit Ihrer Hilfe kann der Benutzer nicht nur die Zeit bereisen, er kann auch Unsichtbares sehen. Doch stellt sich die Frage, ob die AR auch für weiterreichende Zwecke geeignet ist. Ist es möglich mit ihrer Hilfe Wissen nachhaltig zu vermitteln? Und wenn ja, wie kann dies geschehen? In althergebrachter Form von Texten und Bildern, oder auf interaktive und spielerische Weise? Was muß beachtet werden bei dem Versuch eine AR Anwendung für die Wissensübermittlung zu erstellen? Wie kann der Benutzer mit Ihr umgehen? Weiss der Benutzer später auch wirklich mehr? Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit geht diesen Fragen nach, indem sie zuerst der AR einen genaueren Blick widmet. Sie betrachtet die möglichen einsetzbaren Medien und gibt Vorschläge für interaktive Anwendungen, die mit Hilfe von AR ausgeführt werden. Zum Schluß untersucht sie anhand einer erstellten Beispielanwendung, ob der Benutzer mit Hilfe der AR etwas lernen und auch behalten kann.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Konzepten für die Anzeige eines frei programmierbaren Kombinationsinstrumentes (FPK). Ziel ist es, die zunächst theoretischen Anzeigekonzepte auf Basis einer zu ermittelnden Hard- und Softwareplattform zu entwickeln. Zu Beginn wird die Evolution von analogen, mechanischen Kombinationsinstrumenten zum FPK beschrieben. Darauf folgt ein Überblick bereits bestehender FPK-Konzepte mit einer genaueren Sicht auf dargestellte Anzeigeelemente. Dabei wird besonders auf die Personenwarnung in der Night-view-Anzeige und eine Anzeige der ökologischen Fahreffizienz eingegangen. Die Arbeit ist Teil eines in Entwicklung befindlichen FPK-Projektes. Basierend auf den durch dieses Projekt vorgegebenen Anforderungen wird eine geeignete Soft- und Hardwareplattform für die Umsetzung eines FPK ermittelt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die optimale Plattform nur durch eine präzise Änderungsdefinition des graphischen Systems bestimmt werden kann. Da die Projektanforderungen nicht präzise genug sind, wird Adobe Flash in Verbindung mit Actionscript zur Umsetzung der Anzeigekonzepte eingesetzt, um Plattformunabhängigkeit zu erreichen. Mittels Techniken des User-centered Designs wurden Konzepte einzelner und kombinierter Anzeigeelemente entwickelt. Dabei wurde besonders darauf geachtet, die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten durch die Größe der zur Verfügung stehenden Anzeigefläche des FPK auszunutzen. Nach theoretischen Überlegungen bezüglich des Verwendungskontexts und wahrnehmungspsychologischer Erkenntnisse werden entwickelte Konzepte skizzenhaft beschrieben und die erstellten Animationen erläutert. Den Schluss bildet eine Evaluation einzelner Prinzipien. In einer Umfrage mit 14 Probanden konnte die intuitive Erkennbarkeit einzelner Konzepte teilweise bestätigt oder widerlegt werden. Die Wirksamkeit einer entwickelten Warnmeldung zur Steuerung der Aufmerksamkeit wurde anhand eines Tests mit Nutzern in einer Simulation bestätigt. Die Warnmeldung und andere Konzepte sind nur in einem FPK umzusetzen. So wird gezeigt, dass der Einsatz eines FPK zu einer erhöhten Sicherheit und besseren Bedienbarkeit führen kann. Das FPK sollte jedoch nicht isoliert vom restlichen HMI betrachtet werden, damit seine Möglichkeiten voll ausgeschöpft werden können. Der Einsatz echter 3-D-Graphik für FPK ist zweifelhaft. Über den Bedarf muss im Einzelfall nach einem Test auf Usability entschieden werden. Die Evaluation zeigt, dass Konventionen eines herkömmlichen Kombinationsinstrumentes auch bei der Gestaltung von Anzeigeelementen für ein FPK genutzt werden sollten, um eine Lesbarkeit zu garantieren.
In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wurde gezeigt, wie sich Ambient Occlusion in einer Szene aus frei transformierbaren Starrkörpern unter Verwendung von Coherent Shadow Maps in interaktiven Frameraten berechnen und darstellen lässt. Die Vorteile von Ambient Occlusion im Vergleich zu klassischen lokalen Beleuchtungsmodellen wurden aufgezeigt - den Ansatzpunkt bildet die Approximation von Umgebungslicht und indirekter Beleuchtung durch einen konstanten Farbwert - und die vereinfachenden Annahmen, die im Vergleich zu einer Simulation globaler Beleuchtung gemacht werden, wurden nachgezeichnet - Die Gültigkeit von Ambient Occlusion beschränkt sich demnach eigentlich auf eine direkte Beleuchtung diffuser Materialien mit konstanter Leuchtdichte. Um einen umfassenden Überblick zu gewährleisten, wurden zahlreiche existierende Ansätze zur Berechnung von Ambient Occlusion ausführlich vorgestellt. Anschließend wurde auf die Berechnung der Visibilität mittels CSMs eingegangen. Es wurde gezeigt wie sich die Komprimierungsrate von CSMs durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der zu komprimierenden Depth Maps deutlich erhöhen lässt und ein XML-konformes Dateiformat, das die beliebige Wiederverwendung einmal komprimierter Depth Maps erlaubt, wurde eingeführt.
Algorithmische Komposition
(2018)
Algorithmic composition is an interdisciplinary topic that unites music and science. The computer is able to generate algorithmic music with the aid of a specific algorithm. In this bachelor thesis, algorithmic composition is realized with the biology-inspired algorithms called Lindenmayer-system and cellular automaton. In order to realize the compositions, several techniques are presented as well as implemented and evaluated. Those techniques map the generated data from the algorithms on a meaningful musical result.
Research has shown that people recognize personality, gender, inner states and many other items of information by simply observing human motion. Therefore the expressive human motion seems to be a valuable non-verbal communication channel. On the quest for more believable characters in virtual three dimensional simulations a great amount of visual realism has been achieved during the last decades. However, while interacting with synthetic characters in real-time simulations, often human users still sense an unnatural stiffness. This disturbance in believability is generally caused by a lack of human behavior simulation. Expressive motions, which convey personality and emotional states can be of great help to create more plausible and life-like characters. This thesis explores the feasibility of an automatic generation of emotionally expressive animations from given neutral character motions. Such research is required since common animation methods, such as manual modeling or motion capturing techniques, are too costly to create all possible variations of motions needed for interactive character behavior. To investigate how emotions influence human motion relevant literature from various research fields has been viewed and certain motion rules and features have been extracted. These movement domains were validated in a motion analysis and implemented in a system in an exemplary manner capable of automating the expression of angry, sad and happy states in a virtual character through its body language. Finally, the results were evaluated in user test.
With the emergence of current generation head-mounted displays (HMDs), virtual reality (VR) is regaining much interest in the field of medical imaging and diagnosis. Room-scale exploration of CT or MRI data in virtual reality feels like an intuitive application. However in VR retaining a high frame rate is more critical than for conventional user interaction seated in front of a screen. There is strong scientific evidence suggesting that low frame rates and high latency have a strong influence on the appearance of cybersickness. This thesis explores two practical approaches to overcome the high computational cost of volume rendering for virtual reality. One lies within the exploitation of coherency properties of the especially costly stereoscopic rendering setup. The main contribution is the development and evaluation of a novel acceleration technique for stereoscopic GPU ray casting. Additionally, an asynchronous rendering approach is pursued to minimize the amount of latency in the system. A selection of image warping techniques has been implemented and evaluated methodically, assessing the applicability for VR volume rendering.
Today, augmented reality is becoming more and more important in several areas like industrial sectors, medicine, or tourism. This gain of importance can easily be explained by its powerful extension of real world content. Therefore, augmented realty became a way to explain and enhance the real world information. Yet, to create a system which can enhance a scene with additional information, the relation between the system and the real world must be known. In order to establish this relationship a commonly used method is optical tracking. The system calculates its relation to the real world from camera images. To do so, a reference which is known is needed in the scene to serve as an orientation. Today, this is mostly a 2D-marker or a 2D-texture. These are placed in the real world scenery to serve as a reference. But, this is an intrusion in the scene. That is why it is desirable that the system works without such an additional aid. An strategy without manipulating the scene is object-tracking. In this approach, any object from the scene can be used as a reference for the system. As an object is far more complex than a marker, it is harder for the system to establish its relationship with the real world. That is why most methods for 3D-object-tracking reduce the object by not using the whole object as reference. The focus of this thesis is to research how a whole object can be used as a reference in a way that either the system or the camera can be moved in any 360 degree angle around the object without loosing the relation to the real world. As a basis the augmented reality framework, the so called VisionLib, is used. Extensions to this system for 360 degree tracking are implemented in different ways and analyzed in the scope of this work. Also, the different extensions are compared. The best results were achieved by improving the reinitialization process. With this extension, current camera images of the scene are given to the system. With the hek of these images, the system can calculate the relation to the real world faster in case the relation went missing.