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This thesis imparts a general view of the mechanics and implementation of latest voxelization strategies using the GPU. In addition to established voxelization procedures using the rasterization pipeline, new possibilities arising from GPGPU programming are examined. On the basis of the programming language C++ and the graphics library OpenGL the implementation of several methods is explained. The methods are compared in terms of performance and quality of the resulting voxelization and are evaluated critically with regards to possible use cases. Furthermore, two exemplary applications are detailed that use a voxelized scene in such a way that the augmentation of established techniques of real time graphics are facilitated. To this end, the concepts and the implementations of Transmittance Shadow Mapping and of Reflective Shadow Mapping utilizing a voxel based ambient occlusion effect is explained. Finally, the prolonging relevance of voxelization is put into prospect, by addressing latest research and further enhancements and applications of the presented methods.
This thesis deals with quality assurance of model-based SRS, in particular SRS-Models and SRS-Diagrams. The interesting thing about model-based SRS is that they are generated by a documentation generator based on the following input data: SRS-Model, SRS-Diagrams and texts external to the model. Therefore to assure the quality of the documentation the quality of their four factors must be assured, which are the SRS-Model, SRS-Diagrams, external texts and the documentation generator. The thesis" goal is to define a quality connotation for SRS-Models and -Diagrams and to show an approach for realizing automatically quality testing, measurement and assessment for the modelling tool Innovator.
This study examined whether positive resource change and two types of baseline stressors would influence general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health at the end of treatment in mothers attending an inpatient rehabilitation or preventive program for mothers, fathers and children. Parenting self-efficacy was included as an indicator of resources while baseline distress was operationalized in terms of parenting-related stressors and depressive symptoms, respectively. Drawing on Hobfoll- conservation of resources theory, it was hypothesized that resource change and baseline stressors would interact in their effect on satisfaction measures at the end of the preventive/rehabilitation program: resource gains were expected to influence satisfaction more strongly in patients who reported higher stress levels at baseline (as compared to patients with lower baseline distress; primary research question). Hypotheses were tested using a sample of N=1724 female prevention and rehabilitation patients by means of structural equation modeling including latent interactions. Results showed that parenting-related stressors were negatively associated with general satisfaction as well as satisfaction with health while resource gains had a small positive effect on satisfaction. There was, however, no significant interaction of parenting-related stressors and positive resource change. When depressive symptoms were included as a measure of baseline distress, they were negatively associated with both facets of satisfaction. In these models, there were only small positive associations of resource gains and satisfaction measures. Again, no interaction effects were found. Additional analyses that comprised both stressor types as predictors showed that the effects of depressive symptoms on satisfaction were more pronounced than the influence of parenting-related stressors; the effects of resource gains were small to negligible. In addition, it was examined whether problem-oriented coping strategies mediated the influence of positive resource change on general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health, respectively (secondary research question). Correlations between coping, resource change and satisfaction were low or not significant. Given this lack of direct associations between the relevant variables, no further path analytic testing was performed; the hypothesized mediating role of problem-oriented coping could thus not be confirmed. All in all, study results show that contrary to the hypotheses derived from conservation of resources theory, the effects of positive resource change and distress indicators on patients" life satisfaction and satisfaction with health were not interdependent.
A guideline for the examination of business models is developed in this research project and M.Sc. study, focusing on young, innovative enterprises ("start-ups"). Start-ups often start to operate in uncertainty and tentativeness. To forecast the success of such an enterprise is therefore today hardly possible by means of quantitative data. The evaluation of innovative business models ("Business Model Check") today is a gap in Business Administration and Management studies.
Data Mining im Fußball
(2014)
The term Data Mining is used to describe applications that can be applied to extract useful information from large datasets. Since the 2011/2012 season of the german soccer league, extensive data from the first and second Bundesliga have been recorded and stored. Up to 2000 events are recorded for each game.
The question arises, whether it is possible to use Data Mining to extract patterns from this extensive data which could be useful to soccer clubs.
In this thesis, Data Mining is applied to the data of the first Bundesliga to measure the value of individual soccer players for their club. For this purpose, the state of the art and the available data are described. Furthermore, classification, regression analysis and clustering are applied to the available data. This thesis focuses on qualitative characteristics of soccer players like the nomination for the national squad or the marks players get for their playing performance. Additionally this thesis considers the playing style of the available players and examines if it is possible to make predictions for upcoming seasons. The value of individual players is determined by using regression analysis and a combination of cluster analysis and regression analysis.
Even though not all applications can achieve sufficient results, this thesis shows that Data Mining has the potential to be applied to soccer data. The value of a player can be measured with the help of the two approaches, allowing simple visualization of the importance of a player for his club.
Systems to simulate crowd-behavior are used to simulate the evacuation of a crowd in case of an emergency. These systems are limited to the moving-patterns of a crowd and are generally not considering psychological and/or physical conditions. Changing behaviors within the crowd (e.g. by a person falling down) are not considered.
For that reason, this thesis will examine the psychological behavior and the physical impact of a crowd- member on the crowd. In order to do so, this study develops a real-time simulation for a crowd of people, adapted from a system for video games. This system contains a behavior-AI for agents. In order to show physical interaction between the agents and their environment as well as their movements, the physical representation of each agent is realized by using rigid bodies from a physics-engine. The movements of the agents have an additional navigation mesh and an algorithm for collision avoidance.
By developing a behavior-AI a physical and psychological state is reached. This state contains a psychological stress-level as well as a physical condition. The developed simulation is able to show physical impacts such as crowding and crushing of agents, interaction of agents with their environment as well as factors of stress.
By evaluating several tests of the simulation, this thesis examines whether the combination of physical and psychological impacts is implementable successfully. If so, this thesis will be able to give indications of an agent- behavior in dangerous and/or stressful situations as well as a valuation of the complex physical representation.
Ziel dieser Ausarbeitung ist es, das Wippe-Experiment gemäß dem Aufbau innerhalb der AG Echtzeitsysteme unter Leitung von Professor Dr. Dieter Zöbel mithilfe eines LEGO Mindstorms NXT Education-Bausatzes funktionsfähig nachzubauen und das Vorgehen zu dokumentieren. Der dabei entstehende Programmcode soll didaktisch aufbereitet und eine Bauanleitung zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dies soll gewährleisten, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler auch ohne direkten Zugang zu einer Hochschule oder ähnlichem Institut den Versuchsaufbau Wippe möglichst unkompliziert im Klassenraum erleben können.
Diese Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Nachrichtenwerttheorie. Hierzu wird das Konzept der Fotonachrichtenfaktoren zunächst theoretisch aufgearbeitet und seine Plausibilität anhand verschiedener Teilbereiche der Journalismusforschung dargelegt. Darauf aufbauend wird es im Rahmen einer Inhaltsanalyse eingesetzt, die die Prüfung des erweiterten Modells der Nachrichtenwerttheorie ermöglicht. Dieses Modell geht von einem gemeinsamen Einfluss der textbasierten Nachrichtenfaktoren und der Fotonachrichtenfaktoren auf den Nachrichtenwert bzw. die journalistische Beachtung eines Beitrags aus. Ergänzend werden die Fotonachrichtenfaktoren zur Bildung von Fototypen herangezogen. Die Analysen werden am Beispiel der Kriegs- und Krisenberichterstattung deutscher Tageszeitungen durchgeführt. Dieser Themenbereich des Journalismus genießt viel Aufmerksamkeit sowohl bei Medienrezipienten als auch bei Kommunikationswissenschaftlern. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstützen die Grundidee der Fotonachrichtenfaktoren: Sie können, ähnlich wie die textbasierten Nachrichtenfaktoren, zu übergeordneten Bündeln zusammengefasst werden. Diese Bündel zeigen Einflüsse auf die formale Gestaltung der Fotos und können gemeinsam mit den Textnachrichtenfaktoren teilweise die journalistische Beachtung des Artikels erklären. Darüber hinaus ist die gewählte Operationalisierung der Fotonachrichtenfaktoren geeignet, Fototypen bzw. zentrale Motive der visuellen Kriegsberichterstattung deutscher Tageszeitungen zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie liefern Ausgangspunkte für weitere Fragestellungen zum Zusammenwirken der Text- und Fotonachrichtenfaktoren, der Anwendung der Zwei-Komponenten-Theorie und der Wirkung von typischen Bildmotiven.
The availability of digital cameras and the possibility to take photos at no cost lead to an increasing amount of digital photos online and on private computers. The pure amount of data makes approaches that support users in the administration of the photo necessary. As the automatic understanding of photo content is still an unsolved task, metadata is needed for supporting administrative tasks like search or photo work such as the generation of photo books. Meta-information textually describes the depicted scene or consists of information on how good or interesting a photo is.
In this thesis, an approach for creating meta-information without additional effort for the user is investigated. Eye tracking data is used to measure the human visual attention. This attention is analyzed with the objective of information creation in the form of metadata. The gaze paths of users working with photos are recorded, for example, while they are searching for photos or while they are just viewing photo collections.
Eye tracking hardware is developing fast within the last years. Because of falling prices for sensor hardware such as cameras and more competition on the eye tracker market, the prices are falling, and the usability is increasing. It can be assumed that eye tracking technology can soon be used in everyday devices such as laptops or mobile phones. The exploitation of data, recorded in the background while the user is performing daily tasks with photos, has great potential to generate information without additional effort for the users.
The first part of this work deals with the labeling of image region by means of gaze data for describing the depicted scenes in detail. Labeling takes place by assigning object names to specific photo regions. In total, three experiments were conducted for investigating the quality of these assignments in different contexts. In the first experiment, users decided whether a given object can be seen on a photo by pressing a button. In the second study, participants searched for specific photos in an image search application. In the third experiment, gaze data was collected from users playing a game with the task to classify photos regarding given categories. The results of the experiments showed that gaze-based region labeling outperforms baseline approaches in various contexts. In the second part, most important photos in a collection of photos are identified by means of visual attention for the creation of individual photo selections. Users freely viewed photos of a collection without any specific instruction on what to fixate, while their gaze paths were recorded. By comparing gaze-based and baseline photo selections to manually created selections, the worth of eye tracking data in the identification of important photos is shown. In the analysis of the data, the characteristics of gaze data has to be considered, for example, inaccurate and ambiguous data. The aggregation of gaze data, collected from several users, is one suggested approach for dealing with this kind of data.
The results of the performed experiments show the value of gaze data as source of information. It allows to benefit from human abilities where algorithms still have problems to perform satisfyingly.
German politicians have identified a need for greater citizen involvement in decision-making than in the past, as confirmed by a recent German parliamentarians study ("DEUPAS"). As in other forms of social interactions, the Internet provides significant potential to serve as the digital interface between citizens and decision-makers: in the recent past, dedicated electronic participation ("e-participation") platforms (e.g. dedicated websites) have been provided by politicians and governments in an attempt to gather citizens" feedback and comment on a particular issue or subject. Some of these have been successful, but a large proportion of them are grossly under-used " often only small numbers of citizens use them. Over the same time period, enthusiasm of Society for social networks has increased and is now commonplace. Many citizens use social networks such as Facebook and Twitter for all kinds of purposes, and in some cases to discuss political issues.
Social networks are therefore obviously attractive to politicians " from local government to federal agencies, politicians have integrated social media into their daily work. However, there is a significant challenge regarding the usefulness of social networks. The problem is the continuous increase in digital information: social networks contain vast amounts of information, and it is impossible for a human to manually filter the relevant information from the irrelevant (so-called "information overload"). Even using the search tools provided by social networks, it is still a huge task for a human to determine meanings and themes from the multitude of search results. New technologies and concepts have been proposed to provide summaries of masses of information through lexical analysis of social media messages, and therefore they promise an easy and quick overview of the information.
This thesis examines the relevance of these analyses" results, for the use in everyday political life, with the emphasis on the social networks Facebook and Twitter as data sources. Here we make use of the WeGov Toolbox and its analysis components that were developed during the EU project WeGov. The assessment has been performed in consultation with actual policy-makers from different levels of German government: policy-makers from the German Federal Parliament, the State Parliament North Rhine-Westphalia, the State Chancellery of the Saarland and the cities of Cologne and Kempten all took part in the study. Our method was to execute the analyses on data collected from Facebook and Twitter, and present the results to the policy-makers, who would then evaluate them using a mixture of qualitative methods.
The responses of the participants have provided us with some useful conclusions:
1) None of the participants believe that e-participation is possible in this way. But participants confirm that "citizen-friendliness" can be supported by this approach.
2) The most likely users for the summarisation tools are those who have experience with social networks, but are not "power users". The reason being is that "power users" already knew the relevant information provided by analysis tools. But without any experiences for social networks it is hard to interpret the analysis results the right way.
3) The evaluation has considered geographical aspects, and related this to e.g. a politician- constituency as a local area of social networks. Comparing the rural to the urban areas, it is shown that the amount of relevant political information in the rural areas is low. While the proportion of publicly available information in urban areas is relatively high, the proportion in the rural areas is much lower.
The findings that result from the engagement with policy-makers will be systematically surveyed and validated within this thesis.
Kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen stehen durch den permanenten Wandel unserer Wirtschaft [Baumann & Schulte, 2002, S. 5] immer größeren Herausforderungen gegenüber, die sie bewältigen müssen [Bullinger & Buck, 2007]. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, muss die Organisation der Geschäftsprozesse innerhalb des Unternehmens effektiv und effizient erfolgen, damit ein möglichst hohes Maß an Transparenz erreicht werden kann.
Um eine effektivere und effizientere Unternehmenssteuerung zu gewährleisten und damit den Unternehmer entlasten zu können, sowie Transparenz zu schaffen, muss der Einsatz von zielgerichteten Methoden zur Schaffung von Kompetenzen im Bereich Prozessmanagement gerade in kleinen und mittelständischen Handwerksunternehmen im Vordergrund stehen. Diese haben aber auf Grund ihrer geringen Größe meist nicht das Know-how und die Ressourcen, sich neben den operativen Aufgaben mit den neuen Strategien der Betriebsführung zu beschäftigen [Kuiper, et al., 2012, S. 107].
Eine Möglichkeit Transparenz zu schaffen liegt in der Erhebung von Kennzahlen. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Kennzahlensysteme betrachtet und ihre Eignung für den Einsatz in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen anhand von definierten Kriterien verglichen. Das Ergebnis dieses Vergleiches zeigt, dass die in der Literatur identifizierten Kennzahlensysteme für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen nicht deren Anforderungen entsprechen. Die Systeme liefern darüber hinaus nur wenige konkrete Methoden, wie Kennzahlen in KMU erhoben werden können.
Im Zuge dieser Arbeit werden auch kleine und mittelständische Handwerksunternehmen nach deren Nutzung und Wissen in Bezug auf Kennzahlen befragt. Das Ergebnis dieser Befragung zeigt, dass in den meisten Unternehmen nur sehr wenig Wissen in diesem Bereich vorhanden ist.
Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse der vergleichenden Analyse bestehender Kennzahlensysteme aus dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit und der Analyse der Unternehmensbefragung, wird im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit ein Vorschlag für ein prozessorientiertes Kennzahlensystem entwickelt und vorgestellt. Dieser Vorschlag für ein Kennzahlensystem ist insbesondere auf die Bedürfnisse von kleinen und mittelständischen Handwerksunternehmen ausgerichtet. Aber auch mit diesem System können nicht alle Schwierigkeiten die kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen bei der Arbeit mit Kennzahlen haben, eliminiert werden. Das System gibt eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise vor, und erläutert konkrete Maßnahmen, die zur Überwindung von Barrieren bei der effektiven Arbeit mit Kennzahlen, durchgeführt werden können.
Mathematical Modelling of GIS Tailored GUI Design with the Application of Spatial Fuzzy Logic
(2014)
This PhD thesis is situated within the framework of the Research-Group Learning and Neurosciences (ReGLaN)-Health and Logistics project. The goal of this project is the optimisation of health service delivery in the rural areas of South Africa. Cooperation takes place between ReGLaN-Health and Logistics and the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Meraka Institute, with Prof Dr Dr Marlien Herselman of Pretoria, South Africa, as the central contact person. This thesis deals with the mathematical modelling of Geographic Information System (GIS)-tailoredrnGraphical User Interface (GUI) design with the application of spatial fuzzy logic. This thesis considers the mathematical visualisation of risk and resource maps for epidemiological issues using GIS and adaptive GUI design for an Open Source (OS) application for digital devices. The intention ofrnthis thesis is to provide spatial decision support tailored to different user groups. In order for the GUI elements to be evaluated and initialised, empirical teaching-learning-research on dealing with geomedia and GUI elements was conducted.
Diese Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Implementierung einer Gesichtserkennenden Software, die in der Lage ist Personenströme zurnerkennen und zu protokollieren. Dabei wird, ausgehend von den speziellen Anforderungen der Bildverarbeitung die entstandene Softwarearchitektur und deren Implementation vorgestellt. Zusätzlich wird zur Implementation ein Webinterface entwickelt welches die Verwaltung der Daten vereinfachen soll. Abschließend werden weitere Verfahren der Gesichtserkennung vorgestellt und gegen das eingesetzte Verfahren verglichen. Zum Schluss wird die implementierte Software evaluiert.
Redaktionelle Korrektur betreffend die Erste Ordnung zur Änderung der Promotionsordnung des Fachbereichs 7: Natur- und Umweltwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 19.08.2014
Promotionsordnung des Fachbereichs 2: Philologie / Kulturwissenschaften vom 06.10.2014
Zehnte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 14.10.2014
Vierte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Bachelorstudiengang Berufsbildende Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau und der Hochschule Koblenz vom 14.10.2014
Neunte Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung in den Masterstudiengängen für das Lehramt an Grundschulen, das Lehramt an Realschulen plus, das Lehramt an Förderschulen sowie das Lehramt an Gymnasien an der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 14.10.2014
Dritte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im Masterstudiengang für das Lehramt an Berufsbildenden Schulen an der Universität Koblenz-Landau und der Hochschule Koblenz vom 14.10.2014
Achte Ordnung zur Änderung der Ordnung für die Prüfung im lehramtsbezogenen Zertifikatsstudiengang (Erweiterungsprüfung) an der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 14.10.2014
Siebente Ordnung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für die Prüfung im Zwei-Fach-Bachelorstudiengang an der Universität Koblenz-Landau vom 14.10.2014
In the recent years, Software Engineering research has shown the rise of interest in the empirical studies. Such studies are often based on empirical evidence derived from corpora - collections of software artifacts. While there are established forms of carrying out empirical research (experiments, case studies, surveys, etc.), the common task of preparing the underlying collection of software artifacts is typically addressed in ad hoc manner.
In this thesis, by means of a literature survey we show how frequently software engineering research employs software corpora and using a developed classification scheme we discuss their characteristics. Addressing the lack of methodology, we suggest a method of corpus (re-)engineering and apply it to an existing collection of Java projects.
We report two extensive empirical studies, where we perform a broad and diverse range of analyses on the language for privacy preferences (P3P) and on object-oriented application programming interfaces (APIs). In both cases, we are driven by the data at hand, by the corpus itself, discovering the actual usage of the languages.
Eine systematische Literaturstudie zu beaconless Algorithmen für drahtlose Ad-hoc- und Sensornetze
(2014)
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are computer networks consisting of sensor nodes.In position-based protocols nodes broadcast messages containing their position information periodically. These messages are called beacons. The use of beacons however has downsides, which led to the emerging of beaconless algorithms. Despite their importance in the research area of computer networks and to the best of our knowledge, beaconless algorithms have not been systematically surveyed.
The aim of this work is a comprehensive, systematic review of beaconless algorithms since the turn of the millennium. Relevant articles are categorized based on their similarities and their differences are compared. Thus, this work serves as a reference to the current state of research of beaconless algorithms and as a basis for finding research gaps.
Community-Plattformen im Internet verwenden codebasierte Governance, um ihre hohe Anzahl an Nutzerbeiträgen zu verwalten. Dazu gehören alle Arten von Funktionalitäten, mit denen die Community Nutzerbeiträge in irgendeiner Form direkt oder indirekt beurteilen kann. Diese Arbeit erklärt zunächst die Bedeutung codebasierter Governance und der verschiedenen dafür nutzbaren Funktionalitäten. Anschließend werden die erfolgreichsten 50 Community-Plattformen auf codebasierte Governance untersucht. Das Ergebnis zeigt die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Aufbau einer Plattform, der Beschaσffenheit der Nutzerbeiträge und der darauf ausübbaren codebasierten Governance auf.
Diese Bachelorarbeit behandelt die Zusammenführung der bereits vorliegenden Winkelrekonstruktions- und Simulationskomponente und erweitert diese mit Funktionen, um die Durchführung von systematischen Tests zu ermöglichen. Hierzu wird die Übergabe von Bildern aus der Simulationskomponente an die Winkelrekonstruktionskomponente ermöglicht. Des weiteren wird eine GUI zur Testlaufsteuerung und Parameterübergabe sowie eine Datenbankanbindung zur Speicherung der verwendeten Einstellungen und erzeugter Daten angebunden. Durch die Analyse der erzeugten Daten zeigt sich eine ausreichende durchschnittliche Präzision von 0.15° und eine maximale Abweichung der einzelnen Winkel von 0.6°. Der größte Gesamtfehler beläuft sich in den Testläufen auf 0.8°. Der Einfluss von fehlerhaften Parametern hat von variable zu Variable unterschiedliche Auswirkungen. So verstärkt ein Fehler in Höhe den Messfehler um ein vielfaches mehr, als ein Fehler in der Länge der Deichsel.