Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Ausgabe (Heft) zu einer Zeitschrift (132) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Bluetooth (4)
- computer clusters (4)
- ontology (4)
- Knowledge Compilation (3)
- parallel algorithms (3)
- Augmented Reality (2)
- Campus Information System (2)
- Customer Relationship Management (2)
- DOCHOUSE (2)
- Datensicherheit (2)
Institut
- Fachbereich 4 (132) (entfernen)
The estimation of various social objects is necessary in different fields of social life, science, education, etc. This estimation is usually used for forecasting, for evaluating of different properties and for other goals in complex man-machine systems. At present this estimation is possible by means of computer and mathematical simulation methods which is connected with significant difficulties, such as: - time-distributed process of receiving information about the object; - determination of a corresponding mathematical device and structure identification of the mathematical model; - approximation of the mathematical model to real data, generalization and parametric identification of the mathematical model; - identification of the structure of the links of the real social object. The solution of these problems is impossible without a special intellectual information system which combines different processes and allows predicting the behaviour of such an object. However, most existing information systems lead to the solution of only one special problem. From this point of view the development of a more general technology of designing such systems is very important. The technology of intellectual information system development for estimation and forecasting the professional ability of respondents in the sphere of education can be a concrete example of such a technology. Job orientation is necessary and topical in present economic conditions. It helps tornsolve the problem of expediency of investments to a certain sphere of education. Scientifically validated combined diagnostic methods of job orientation are necessary to carry out professional selection in higher education establishments. The requirements of a modern society are growing, with the earlier developed techniques being unable to correspond to them sufficiently. All these techniques lack an opportunity to account all necessary professional and personal characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system of various tests. Thus, the development of new methods of job orientation for entrants is necessary. The information model of the process of job orientation is necessary for this purpose. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an information system capable of giving recommendations concerning the choice of a trade on the basis of complex personal characteristics of entrants.
Designing Core Ontologies
(2011)
One of the key factors that hinders integration of distributed, heterogeneous information systems is the lack of a formal basis for modeling the complex, structured knowledge that is to be exchanged. To alleviate this situation, we present an approach based on core ontologies. Core ontologies are characterized by a high degree of axiomatization and formal precision. This is achieved by basing on a foundational ontology. In addition, core ontologies should follow a pattern-oriented design approach. By this, they are modular and extensible. Core ontologies allow for reusing the structured knowledge they define as well as integrating existing domainrnknowledge. The structured knowledge of the core ontologies is clearly separated from the domain-specific knowledge. Such core ontologies allow for both formally conceptualize their particular fields and to be flexibly combined to cover the needsrnof concrete, complex application domains. Over the last years, we have developed three independent core ontologies for events and objects, multimedia annotations, and personal information management. In this paper, we present the simultaneousrnuse and integration of our core ontologies at the example of a complex, distributed socio-technical system of emergency response. We describe our design approach for core ontologies and discuss the lessons learned in designing them. Finally, we elaborate on the beauty aspects of our core ontologies.
In diesem Arbeitsbericht werden zuvor nicht identifizierte Bedrohungen bezüglich des Wahlgeheimnisses des in [BKG11] vorgeschlagenen Konzeptes zur Authentifizierung von Wählern bei elektronischen Wahlen mittels des neuen Personalausweises aufgezeigt. Überdies wird mit der Einführung einer zwischengelagerten Anonymisierungsschicht eine Lösung vorgeschlagen, wie eben diese Bedrohungen abgewehrt werden können.
Information systems research has started to use crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turks (MTurk) for scientific research, recently. In particular, MTurk provides a scalable, cheap work-force that can also be used as a pool of potential respondents for online survey research. In light of the increasing use of crowdsourcing platforms for survey research, the authors aim to contribute to the understanding of its appropriate usage. Therefore, they assess if samples drawn from MTurk deviate from those drawn via conventional online surveys (COS) in terms of answers in relation to relevant e-commerce variables and test the data in a nomological network for assessing differences in effects.
The authors compare responses from 138 MTurk workers with those of 150 German shoppers recruited via COS. The findings indicate, inter alia, that MTurk workers tend to exhibit more positive word-of mouth, perceived risk, customer orientation and commitment to the focal company. The authors discuss the study- results, point to limitations, and provide avenues for further research.
An estimation of the number of multiplication and addition operations for training artififfcial neural networks by means of consecutive and parallel algorithms on a computer cluster is carried out. The evaluation of the efficiency of these algorithms is developed. The multilayer perceptron, the Volterra network and the cascade-correlation network are used as structures of artififfcial neural networks. Different methods of non-linear programming such as gradient and non-gradient methods are used for the calculation of the weight coefficients.
In this paper, we compare two approaches for exploring large,rnhierarchical data spaces of social media data on mobile devicesrnusing facets. While the first approach arranges thernfacets in a 3x3 grid, the second approach makes use of arnscrollable list of facets for exploring the data. We have conductedrna between-group experiment of the two approachesrnwith 24 subjects (20 male, 4 female) executing the same set ofrntasks of typical mobile users" information needs. The resultsrnshow that the grid-based approach requires significantly morernclicks, but subjects need less time for completing the tasks.rnFurthermore, it shows that the additional clicks do not hamperrnthe subjects" satisfaction. Thus, the results suggest thatrnthe grid-based approach is a better choice for faceted searchrnon touchscreen mobile devices. To the best of our knowledge,rnsuch a summative evaluation of different approaches for facetedrnsearch on mobile devices has not been done so far.
We present a non-linear camera pose estimator, which is able to handle a combined input of point and line feature correspondences. For three or more correspondences, the estimator works on any arbitrary number and choice of the feature type, which provides an estimation of the pose on a preferably small and flexible amount of 2D-3D correspondences. We also give an analysis of different minimization techniques, parametrizations of the pose data, and of error measurements between 2D and 3D data. These will be tested for the usage of point features, lines and the combination case. The result shows the most stable and fast working non-linear parameter set for pose estimation in model-based tracking.
The novel mobile application csxPOI (short for: collaborative, semantic, and context-aware points-of-interest) enables its users to collaboratively create, share, and modify semantic points of interest (POI). Semantic POIs describe geographic places with explicit semantic properties of a collaboratively created ontology. As the ontology includes multiple subclassiffcations and instantiations and as it links to DBpedia, the richness of annotation goes far beyond mere textual annotations such as tags. With the intuitive interface of csxPOI, users can easily create, delete, and modify their POIs and those shared by others. Thereby, the users adapt the structure of the ontology underlying the semantic annotations of the POIs. Data mining techniques are employed to cluster and thus improve the quality of the collaboratively created POIs. The semantic POIs and collaborative POI ontology are published as Linked Open Data.
Cloud Computing is a topic that has gained momentum in the last years. Current studies show that an increasing number of companies is evaluating the promised advantages and considering making use of cloud services. In this paper we investigate the phenomenon of cloud computing and its importance for the operation of ERP systems. We argue that the phenomenon of cloud computing could lead to a decisive change in the way business software is deployed in companies. Our reference framework contains three levels (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and clarifies the meaning of public, private and hybrid clouds. The three levels of cloud computing and their impact on ERP systems operation are discussed. From the literature we identify areas for future research and propose a research agenda.
Ontologies play an important role in knowledge representation for sharing information and collaboratively developing knowledge bases. They are changed, adapted and reused in different applications and domains resulting in multiple versions of an ontology. The comparison of different versions and the analysis of changes at a higher level of abstraction may be insightful to understand the changes that were applied to an ontology. While there is existing work on detecting (syntactical) differences and changes in ontologies, there is still a need in analyzing ontology changes at a higher level of abstraction like ontology evolution or refactoring pattern. In our approach we start from a classification of model refactoring patterns found in software engineering for identifying such refactoring patterns in OWL ontologies using DL reasoning to recognize these patterns.
The aim of this paper is to identify and understand the risks and issues companies are experiencing from the business use of social media and to develop a framework for describing and categorising those social media risks. The goal is to contribute to the evolving theorisation of social media risk and to provide a foundation for the further development of social media risk management strategies and processes. The study findings identify thirty risk types organised into five categories (technical, human, content, compliance and reputational). A risk-chain is used to illustrate the complex interrelated, multi-stakeholder nature of these risks and directions for future work are identified.
CAMPUS NEWS - artificial intelligence methods combined for an intelligent information network
(2008)
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalised information with the usage of artificial intelligence methods. Reception of this information should be possible with everyday mobile equipment. Intelligent filtering and spam protection aim at integrating this technology into our environment. Information on the system architecture and usage of the installation are also presented.
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized Information in a metropolitan area. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based information system as well as the reasoning process that fits users" needs with potential messages. We furthermore present our findings on parallelizing Bluetooth connection setup and performance.
In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized information within a pervasive university. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based CampusNews-system, both, from the administrator and the user viewpoint. We furthermore present first statistical data about the usage of the partial installation at the Koblenz campus together with an outlook to future work.
Ziel des Verbundprojektes 3D-RETISEG ist es, ein optimiertes echtzeitfähiges Soft- und Hardwarepaket zur 2D/3D-Segmentierung und Klassifizierung basierend auf hierarchischen Inselstrukturen, und zur schnellen Volumenvisualisierung sehr großer Volumendaten aus komprimierten Datensätzen zu entwickeln. Die Entwicklungen sollen in konkreten Anwendungsfällen der Forschung und der Wirtschaft als marktreifes Modul in das Softwarepaket VGStudioMax integriert werden. In der Medizin, speziell bei der Segmentierung von Volumendatensätzen, die durch unterschiedliche Tomographietechniken (z.B. CT und MRI) erzeugt werden, liefern zweidimensionale Verfahren häufig eine unzureichende Qualität aufgrund der anisotropen Berücksichtigung der Rauminformationen. Bisher entwickelte dreidimensionale Verfahren sind, neben der der schlechten Verfügbarkeit ihrer Implementierungen, häufig nur für bestimmte Fragestellungen dediziert und daher für andere Anwendungsfälle schlecht adaptierbar. Weiterhin benötigen Verfahren, die gute Ergebnisse liefern, meist eine hohe Laufzeit. Dies ist aber speziell in medizinischen Anwendungen von großem Nachteil, da hier die Qualität der Ergebnisse in letzter Instanz von einem Experten beurteilt wird. Damit das Ergebnis schnell zu benutzerdefinierten Optimierungen durch Veränderung der Verfahrensparameter zur Verfügung steht, sollte ein Verfahren nur sehr kurze Rechenzeiten benötigen. Weist ein Verfahren eine geringe Laufzeit auf, so kann es außerdem intra-operativ eingesetzt werden. Der hier im Projekt verwendete 3D-Color-Structure-Code verspricht, ein besseres und generisches Verfahren zu ermöglichen.
IT-Risk-Management ist ein Bereich, der in den letzten 2 Jahren stark diskutiert und sich verändert hat. Die Anlässe findet man sowohl in den terroristischen Überfällen und entsprechenden Konsequenzen für Unternehmen als auch an die Naturkatastrophen oder Fehlinvestitionen und undurchsichtigen Geschäfte mancher Unternehmen. Daher wurden Richtlinien und Gesetze entworfen, die Vorstände verpflichten, das eigene Unternehmen gegen konkrete Risiken zu schützen. Der Detaillierungsgrad der Vorschläge ist je nach Bereich unterschiedlich. Sind aber Unternehmen bereit, die hohen Investitionen, die mit solchen umfangreichen Projekten zusammenhängen, auf sich zu nehmen um diese Richtlinien zu verfolgen? Wo sehen sie die Vorteile einer IT-Risk-Management-Strategie und wo die Herausforderungen? Welche Entwicklungen oder Veränderung wünschen sie sich? Das sind Fragen, die in der vorliegenden Studie, Experten des Bereich IT-Risk-Management gestellt wurden um die Zukunft des IT-Risk-Managements beeinflussen zu können. Diese Fragestellungen wurden in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht, dazu haben wir Experten des Bereichs IT-Risk-Managements mit Hilfe der Delphi-Methode befragt. Der vorliegende Bericht fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammen.
Avoidance of routing loops
(2009)
We introduce a new routing algorithm which can detect routing loops by evaluating routing updates more thoroughly. Our new algorithm is called Routing with Metric based Topology Investigation (RMTI), which is based on the simple Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and is compatible to all RIP versions. In case of a link failure, a network can reorganize itself if there are redundant links available. Redundant links are only available in a network system like the internet if the topology contains loops. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize and to prevent routing loops. A routing loop can be seen as a circular trace of a routing update information which returns to the same router, either directly from the neighbor router or via a loop topology. Routing loops could consume a large amount of network bandwidth and could impact the endtoend performance of the network. Our RMTI approach is capable to improve the efficiency of Distance Vector Routing.
In Enhanced Reality Umgebungen nimmt der Betrachter die Umgebung und zusätzliche, in eine halbdurchsichtige Datenbrille eingeblendete Informationen wahr. Das Kalibrierungsproblem der Datenbrille ist die Aufgabe, die eingeblendete Information mit dem korrekten realen Hintergrund zur Deckung zu bringen. Heutige Datenbrillen sind vergleichsweise klobig und schwer, deshalb kommt es häufig zu leichtem Verrutschen der Brille. Wird dieses Verrutschen nicht in die Position der Einblendung in der Brille einbezogen, so passt die Einblendung nicht mehr zum realen Hintergrund. Dies wird in Abbildung 1.1 exemplarisch dargestellt. Nach initialer Kalibrierung der teildurchsichtigen Datenbrille auf das Auge des Betrachters soll deshalb bei relativer Lageveränderung der Datenbrille zum Auge (durch leichtes Verrutschen) eine Re-Kalibrierung in Echtzeit automatisch erfolgen. Eine automatische Re-Kalibrierung bei Verrutschen wird von uns erstmalig erforscht.
In this paper, we demonstrate by means of two examples how to work with probability propagation nets (PPNs). The fiirst, which comes from the book by Peng and Reggia [1], is a small example of medical diagnosis. The second one comes from [2]. It is an example of operational risk and is to show how the evidence flow in PPNs gives hints to reduce high losses. In terms of Bayesian networks, both examples contain cycles which are resolved by the conditioning technique [3].
This paper offers an informal overview and discussion on first order predicate logic reasoning systems together with a description of applications which are carried out in the Artificial Intelligence Research Group of the University in Koblenz. Furthermore the technique of knowledge compilation is shortly introduced.
In den folgenden acht Beispielen wird gezeigt, wie elektronische Anwendungen mithilfe kryptographischer Verfahren abgesichert werden. In jedem Beispiel erklären wir das Ziel der Verschlüsselung, erläutern den technischen Hintergrund, besprechen im Detail den Ablauf der Anwendung mit ihrer Verschlüsselung und diskutieren Stärken und Schwächen des Verfahrens. Das erste Beispiel der Verschlüsselungsprotokolle ist noch nicht sehr konkret, sondern es bildet die Grundlage der folgenden Beispiele. Denn jede Anwendung setzt eines der beiden Typen von Verschlüsselungsprotokollen ein, die im ersten Beispiel erklärt werden. Dann folgen die Beispiele Sicheres World Wide Web mit SSL, die Verschlüsselung der Luftschnittstelle im Mobilfunk, die sichere Identifikation des Karteninhabers einer ec-Karte am Geldauszahlungsautomaten, der Schutz von WLANs gegen fremde Lauscher und Eindringlinge, die sichere Identifikation elektronischer Schlüssel, darunter der Funkschlüssel bei Autotüren, das kontaktlose Flugticket zum Ausdrucken einer Boardingkarte und schließlich die Verschlüsselung im Pay-TV. Die Beschreibung der kryptografischen Anwendungen dieses Kapitels wird in einem Arbeitspapier des Instituts für Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsinformatik der Universität Koblenz-Landau weitergepflegt und dort stets aktuell zum Download bereitgehalten [Grimm, Hundacker, Meletiadou 2006]. http://www.uni-koblenz.de/FB4/Institutes/IWVI/AGGrimm/Downloads
So genannte Risikomanagement-Informationssysteme (RMIS) unterstützen Unternehmen darin, ihr Risiko-Management unternehmensweit durchzuführen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag analysieren wir mit Hilfe der Scoring-Methode die inhaltlichen Anforderungen an ein RMIS und zeigen, wie das zu einer begründeten Auswahl für die Anschaffung eines RMIS führt. Dazu diskutieren wir erstens, welche Anforderungen an ein RMIS gestellt werden, zweitens klassifizieren wir die auf dem Markt existierenden RMIS bezüglich ihrer Anwendungsziele und drittens erstellen wir einen Anforderungskatalog und ein dreistufiges Verfahren zur Handhabung des Auswahlprozesses. Dieses wird im Rahmen einer erfolgreich durchgeführten Fallstudie im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit [11] in einem konkreten Konzern, der Telekommunikations- und Internetzugang anbietet (United Internet AG, Montabaur), erläutert und evaluiert. 1.
An empirical study to evaluate the location of advertisement panels by using a mobile marketing tool
(2009)
The efficiency of marketing campaigns is a precondition for business success. This paper discusses a technique to transfer advertisement content vie Bluetooth technology and collects market research information at the same time. Conventional advertisement media were enhanced by devices to automatically measure the number, distance, frequency and exposure time of passersby, making information available to evaluate both the wireless media as well as the location in general. This paper presents a study analyzing these data. A cryptographic one-way function protects privacy during data acquisition.
Semantic descriptions of non-textual media available on the web can be used to facilitate retrieval and presentation of media assets and documents containing them. While technologies for multimedia semantic descriptions already exist, there is as yet no formal description of a high quality multimedia ontology that is compatible with existing (semantic) web technologies. We explain the complexity of the problem using an annotation scenario. We then derive a number of requirements for specifying a formal multimedia ontology, including: compatibility with MPEG-7, embedding in foundational ontologies, and modularisation including separation of document structure from domain knowledge. We then present the developed ontology and discuss it with respect to our requirements.
Dieses Dokument legt den Standard für die Transformation von grUML-Schemas (GraphUML, [BHR+09]) nach XSD (XML Schema Definition) fest und ist im Rahmen des Arbeitspakets 5.2 "Prototypische SOAMIG-Parser und -Unparser realisieren" im SOAMIG-Projekt entstanden. Das Ziel ist der Austausch von TGraphen (typisierten, attributierten, angeordneten, gerichte Graphen [ERW08]) über XML-Dokumente. Zur Spezifikation des Austauschformats wird XSD eingesetzt. Dies erlaubt eine Validierung der XML-Instanzen auf syntaktischer Ebene. Der Ausgangspunkt ist ein gegebenes Schemas in grUML-Notation1, welches nach XSD transformiert werden soll. Mit der generierten XSD existiert ein Beschreibungsmittel für Graph-Instanzen in XML. Die dadurch beschriebenen XML-Dokumente sind flach, d.h. alle Elemente sind direkt dem root-Element untergeordnet.
Conventional security infrastructures in the Internet cannot be directly adopted to ambient systems, especially if based on short-range communication channels: Personal, mobile devices are used and the participants are present during communication, so privacy protection is a crucial issue. As ambient systems cannot rely on an uninterrupted connection to a Trust Center, certiffed data has to be veriffed locally. Security techniques have to be adjusted to the special environment. This paper introduces a public key infrastructure (PKI) to provide secure communication channels with respect to privacy, confidentiality, data integrity, non-repudiability, and user or device authentication. It supports three certiffcate levels with a different balance between authenticity and anonymity. This PKI is currently under implementation as part of the iCity project.
In this article we analyze the privacy aspects of a mobile sensor application used for recording urban travel patterns as part of a travel-survey service. This service has been developed and field-tested within the Live+Gov EU Project. The privacy analysis follows a structured approach established in. Eight privacy recommendations are derived, and have already led to corresponding enhancements of the travel-survey service.
This paper describes a parallel algorithm for selecting activation functionsrnof an artifcial network. For checking the efficiency of this algorithm a count of multiplicative and additive operations is used.
The lack of a formal event model hinders interoperability in distributed event-based systems. Consequently, we present in this paper a formal model of events, called F. The model bases on an upper-level ontology and pro-vides comprehensive support for all aspects of events such as time and space, objects and persons involved, as well as the structural aspects, namely mereological, causal, and correlational relationships. The event model provides a flexible means for event composition, modeling of event causality and correlation, and allows for representing different interpretations of the same event. The foundational event model F is developed in a pattern-oriented approach, modularized in different ontologies, and can be easily extended by domain specifific ontologies.
The term "Augmented Reality (AR)" denotes the superposition of additional virtual objects and supplementary information over real images. The joint project Enhanced Reality (ER)1 aims at a generic AR-system. The ER-project is a cooperation of six different research groups of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Koblenz-Landau. According to Ronald Azuma an AR-system combines real and virtual environments, where the real and virtual objects are registered in 3-D, and it provides interactivity in real time [Azu97]. Enhanced Reality extends Augmented Reality by requiring the virtual objects to be seamlessly embedded into the real world as photo-realistic objects according to the exact lighting conditions. Furthermore, additional information supplying value-added services may be displayed and interaction of the user may even be immersive. The short-term goal of the ER-project is the exploration of ER-fundamentals using some specific research scenarios; the long-term goal is the development of a component-based ER-framework for the creation of ER-applications for arbitrary application areas. ER-applications are developed as single-user applications for users who are moving in a real environment and are wearing some kind of visual output device like see-through glasses and some mobile end device. By these devices the user is able to see reality as it is, but he can also see the virtual objects and the additional information about some value-added service. Furthermore he might have additional devices whereby he can interact with the available virtual objects. The development of a generic framework for ER-applications requires the definition of generic components which are customizable and composable to build concrete applications and it requires a homogeneous data model which supports all components equally well. The workgroup "Software Technology"2 is responsible for this subproject. This report gives some preliminary results concerning the derivation of a component-based view of ER. There are several augmented reality frameworks like ARVIKA, AMIRE, DWARF, MORGAN, Studierstube and others which offer some support for the development of AR-applications. All of them ease the use of existing subsystems like AR-Toolkit, OpenGL and others and leverage the generation process for realistic systems by making efficient use of those subsystems. Consequently, they highly rely on them.